Amino Acid
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An amino acid is a basic organic compound that serves as the building block of proteins.
Amino acids are characterized by the presence of an amino group (-NH₂) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), which makes them amphoteric (they can act as both acids and bases). It plays a critical role in various biological processes, including protein synthesis, cell signaling, and metabolism.
Basic Structure of an Amino Acid
Basic Structure of an Amino Acid
Every amino acid has the same fundamental structure, consisting of the following components:
A Central Carbon (α-Carbon):
The α-carbon is the central atom to which all other groups are attached.An Amino Group (-NH₂):
A functional group containing nitrogen, contributing to the basicity of the molecule.A Carboxyl Group (-COOH):
A functional group containing carbon and oxygen, giving the molecule acidic properties.A Hydrogen Atom (-H):
A single hydrogen atom bonded to the α-carbon.A Variable Side Chain (R Group):
The R group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another. It can range from a simple hydrogen atom (as in glycine) to more complex structures like aromatic rings or branched chains.
Amino acids are classified based on several criteria, such as their chemical properties, polarity, nutritional importance, and metabolic pathways.
Side Chain Polarity
Nutritional Importance
Metabolic Pathways
Side Chain Str.
Functional Role
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