Lizzy Bolland
AP Scholar, Musician, Teen Mental Health First Aid Certified
Contact: bollaeli000@stu.sumnersd.org
There has been a general gap in music when it comes to the relationships between musical features and emotions, and the difference between the emotions heard and the emotions felt. Audience responses to emotional music lack consistency in the emotion heard, and “the notion that listeners might be able to perceive the emotional expression of music without necessarily feeling that emotional experience has been under debate,” according to Associate Professor of Psychology, Assal Habibi. My research will potentially bring new information on the correlation between feeling the same emotion as you hear.
I hypothesized that, as the only input the audience will receive is audio — there are no visual or contextual aspects connected to the music, no background or story to tell, and no other inspiration aside from emotion — their emotional reactions and feelings will coincide with each other.
Music can communicate emotions in the way that it portrays them, due to the stylistic similarities between music and speech patterns. If music can consistently and effectively convey emotions to its listeners, it can be applied in ways to help with emotional communication. For individuals who may struggle to communicate or identify both the emotions of others, as well as their own, music may be able to assist them.
As a musician and semi-composer, I'm starting this project with my assumptions due to my knowledge of music and techniques. I hypothesize that, as the only input the audience will receive is audio — there are no visual or contextual aspects connected to the music, no background or story to tell, and no other inspiration aside from emotion — their emotional reactions and feelings will coincide with each other.
For my research, I composed a musical piece with three movements, each one based on a specific emotion, sadness, anger, and happiness. Using different musical techniques, I communicated each emotion to the audience in a way for them to feel and/or identify them, with varying degrees of success. An electronic recording of my piece, composed for a small wind/brass ensemble, was posted publicly with an online survey for the audience to fill out.
The identification and perception of emotions in music corresponds to the feeling of some emotions, but not all. The identification and feeling match when listening to happy and sad music, but listening to anger does not correspond to the feeling. Due to the amount of musical techniques shared between anger and happiness, there may not be enough distinction between the two emotions for them to be properly perceived by listeners.
The first course of action would be to revise the musical composition, revising specifically the second movement, to improve the portrayal of the emotion so that the audience can accurately identify the emotion. Once the emotion is portrayed to the point of identification, then we can see if their feelings match what they hear. The next step would be to send out the survey to a larger sample size to see if the data collected is accurate among a larger sample. If my hypothesis still proves to be true, the future implementations of music may be to assist with the emotional communication for individuals who struggle to communicate their feelings to others.
Music: (noun) vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.
Movement: (noun) a principal division of a longer musical work, usually differing in tempo from the other divisions and having a distinctive character of its own. Also in extended use.
Emotion: (noun) a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others.
Happiness: (noun) the state of pleasurable contentment of mind; deep pleasure in or contentment with one's circumstances.
Happy: (adj.) feeling or showing a deep sense of pleasure or contentment, esp. arising from satisfaction with one's circumstances or condition.
Sadness: (noun) sorrow, mournfulness.
Sad: (adj.) of a person, or his or her feelings, disposition, etc.: feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful, heavy-hearted.
Anger: (noun) a strong feeling of displeasure, dissatisfaction, or annoyance.
All definitions are sourced from the Oxford Dictionary.
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Grimaud, A. M., & Eerola, T. (2022, December 30). Emotional expression through musical cues: A comparison of production and perception approaches. PLOS ONE, 17(12), e0279605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279605
Habibi, A., & Damasio, A. (2014). Music, Feelings, and the Human Brain. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind & Brain, 24(1), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1037/pmu0000033
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