What is college students' perception of COVID-19 contact tracing applications and are they willing to utilize the software?
Amanda Olive
Email: oliveama000@stu.sumnersd.org
Class of 2021
There is a problem with how the coronavirus is being spread on university campuses. This is important as the spread of COVID-19 has negatively impacted students' education and it is necessary to know the extent to which students will use the contact tracing software as it requires majority of the population to participate in order for the service to be effective.
This study is of great value as if majority of the students are willing to participate in the coronavirus contact tracing and have a positive perception of the service, then it could allow universities to encourage their students to utilize the application to prevent the spread on college campuses as some students are residing on-campus.
Contact tracing: state administered application via smartphones
College student: anyone enrolled in the university
Perception: measured through use of Likert scale
I will be administering an online survey to college students who volunteer to participate in my research where perception of COVID-19 contact tracing services will be measured through use of the Likert scale. These statements will be paired with qualitative multiple choice questions regarding demographics to determine why the participant responded the way they did, creating a mixed-method study.
I believe that when surveying college students' perception of coronavirus contact tracing applications, there will be a positive opinion regarding the service because students are eager to return to normalcy and continue their education through in-person learning.
One limitation of my research is the pandemic. Since everything is online, there will be barriers to data collection and contacting participants for debriefing purposes. Additionally, without the pandemic, I could have been able to access more potential participants with face-to-face communication as well as possible present my research proposal in person to university officials as I am conducting my study among their student population.
Another limitation is that college students may not be willing to take the survey for fear that their name is attached to it. For example, if someone negatively views the contact tracing application, they may be less likely to share that perception for fear that the university may receive this data. However, through my study, every response will be anonymous and debriefing will take place with every individual as well as consent forms prior to participating that addresses the anonymity within my research.
One final limitation is that not every student is a member of their college Reddit page. This prevents me from reaching a representative sample from each school and leaves out a portion of the student population in Washington state public, 4-year universities.
The results of this study can be used by universities to help safely reopen in the upcoming fall and encourage students to utilize the software as there is a slight positive attitude towards the application. Since the vaccine has begun its rollout, the use of digital contact tracing may not be as widespread, however, there is potential for the contact tracing to be used for other purposes such as for sexually transmitted diseases [21] or for any possible future outbreaks of the coronavirus. Because less students were willing to keep their GPS on at all times, developers of digital contact tracing may be able to find an alternative method in tracking location in order to make the public more comfortable and willing to use the service.
Seven participants responded to my survey. The results are as followed:
Response 1 2.375
Response 2 4.5
Response 3 4.125
Response 4 5
Response 5 3.5
Response 6 3
Response 7 5
Year in College
r = 0.1562
Living Situation (On or Off Campus)
r = 0.2205
Household Illness
r = 0.4507
Previously Installed WA Notify
r = 0.4288
3.929
With my hypothesis being that there will be a positive opinion regarding the service because students are eager to return to in-person learning, I can partially accept my hypothesis. There is evidence from the total mean score of 3.929 to support a slight positive perception in the sample of students that I gathered responses from. The final statement on my Likert scale being “I am willing to download WA Notify.” produced a mean score of 4.142 and 57.1% strongly agreed with the statement, meaning there is evidence supporting the final part of my hypothesis which addresses whether there is willingness to utilize the software.
This study provides a foundation for more research to be conducted. Researchers can investigate other COVID-19 measures and college students’ perceptions of various methods of prevention in order to gauge what combination is most useful on university campuses. Future research can also address contact tracing for other diseases or viruses to compare the students’ perception of each to identify what they may be most willing to utilize. Lastly, researchers may take this research and go beyond to identify if the willingness to use the contact tracing software corresponded with preventative measures placed in the individual’s routine in order to limit risk of contracting the coronavirus.
Key Sources:
Li HY, Cao H, Leung DYP, Mak YW. The Psychological Impacts of a COVID-19 Outbreak on College Students in China: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3933. Published 2020 Jun 2. doi:10.3390/ijerph17113933
Rothstein MA. Public Health and Privacy in the Pandemic. American Journal of Public Health. 2020;110(9):1374. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305849
O'Callaghan ME, Buckley J, Fitzgerald B, et al. A national survey of attitudes to COVID-19 digital contact tracing in the Republic of Ireland [published online ahead of print, 2020 Oct 16]. Ir J Med Sci. 2020;1-25. doi:10.1007/s11845-020-02389-y
Electronic Consent Form to Participate in Survey