Measurement, the process of associating numbers with physical quantities and phenomena. Measurement is fundamental to the sciences to engineering, construction, and other technical fields and to almost all everyday activities. For that reason the elements, conditions, limitations, and theoretical foundations of measurement have been much studied. See also measurement system for a comparison of different systems and the history of their development.Measurements may be made by unaided human senses, in which case they are often called estimates, or, more commonly, by the use of instruments, which may range in complexity from simple rules for measuring lengths to highly sophisticated systems designed to detect and measure quantities entirely beyond the capabilities of the senses, such as radio waves from a distant star or the magnetic moment of a subatomic particle. Measurement begins with a definition of the quantity that is to be measured, and it always involves a comparison with some known quantity of the same kind. If the object or quantity to be measured is not accessible for direct comparison, it is converted or “transduced” into an analogous measurement signal. Since measurement always involves some interaction between the object and the observer or observing instrument, there is always an exchange of energy, which, although in everyday applications is negligible, can become considerable in some types of measurement and thereby limit accuracy.
1. Measurement
1.1) Methods of recording measure both from drawings and site.
1.2) Rules and principles of measurement as defined in SMM.
1.3) Methods of processing measurement for pre and post contract.
1.4) Measurements of building trades
1.5) Introduction to Quantity Surveying, SMM and measurements.
1.6) Measurement of work below floor level finish
1.7) Measurement of super structure
1.8) Measurement of wall
2. Computer application in measurement works
2.1) N/A
3. Introduction to Estimating
3.1) Interpretation and importance of estimating, the parties involved, roles and responsibilities of an estimator, types of estimates, cost estimates format.
4. Estimating Practice & Process
4.1) Pre-selection, decision to tender, project appreciation, programming the estimates, collection and calculation of cost information, estimating the direct costs, calculating on-costs, completing cost estimates, final review and estimates reports, tender submission and action after submitting a tender.
5. Contract and Tender
5.1) Types of contract, tender and quotation.
6. Tendering Process
6.1) Preparation of tender documents, content of Tender Document, calling of tenders, tender analysis and report, selection of contractors
7. Method of Estimating
7.1) Volumetric, floor area, unit rates, storey enclosure, approximate estimate and bill of quantities.
8. Estimating Cost
8.1) Cost of building materials, labour, plant and equipment, administration and profit
9. Building up rates and quantifying of materials
9.1) Machineries and plant
9.2) Excavation work
9.3) Piling
9.4) Concrete work
9.5) Reinforcement
9.6) Formwork
9.7) Brickwork