Interdisciplinary academic field that draws on ecology,geology,meteorology,biology,engineering and physics to study environmental poblems and human impactcs on the environment.Environmental science is a quantitative discipline with both applied and theoretical aspects and has been influential in informing the policies of governments around the world.Environmental science is considered separate from environmental studies, which emphasizes the human relationship with the environment and the social and political dimensions thereof. For example, whereas a researcher in environmental studies might focus on the economic and political dimensions of international climate-change protocols, an environmental scientist would seek to understand climate change by quantifying its effects with models and evaluating means of mitigation.
Building services engineering is the design, development, installation and maintenance of the convenience and comfort systems in buildings. It involves any system or equipment within a building that makes that space comfortable and safe. Building services help create spaces in which people can live and work while having the least impact on the environment as possible. Building services systems include:
Gas, electric and other energy sources
Heating and air conditioning
Water sources, sewage, drainage and plumbing
Lighting
Escalators and elevators
Ventilation
Air filtration
Refrigeration
Internet and telephone lines
Security systems
Fire and carbon monoxide detection
Acoustics
Building services engineers design and install all of the working components inside a building, from the lighting to the plumbing. They typically work on commercial buildings and projects such as schools, offices, hospitals, laboratories, sports stadiums and arenas and retail centers, as well as residential developments. Building services engineers combine their creativity with their problem-solving and engineering skills to come up with innovative and, ideally, eco-friendly interior system designs.
Some building services engineers are self-employed and work on a consulting or contract basis, while others get hired full-time by employers such as:
Facilities management companies
Property groups
Government agencies
Research or educational institutions
Engineering design consultancies
Architectural firms
Building contractors
Building equipment manufacturers
Hospitals
Manufacturing plants
1. Thermal Environment
1.1) Climatic regions and human reactions to environment
1.2) External climate and internal environmental balance
1.3) Green house and environmental effects
1.4) Sick building, global challenges and sustainable buildings
2. Heat
2.1) Principles and nature of heat
2.2) Heat terminologies
2.3) Heat gains, heat losses, fabric and ventilation heat calculations
2.4) Solar gain theory and calculations
2.5) Steady state; transient heat losses theory, structural temperatures
3. Air movement and natural ventilation
3.1) Air movement in and around buildings
3.2) Factors influence the air movement in the building
4. Lighting
4.1) Principles of lighting
4.2) Lighting introduction, terminology and functions
4.3) Daylight factors and prediction of daylight
4.4) Influence of openings, roof-light size, shape and position
4.5) Standards and statutory requirements
5. Principle of Sound
5.1) Theory of sound and sound propagation
5.2) Sound terminologies and sound level
5.3) Sound power, sound intensity an sound pressure
5.4) Threshold levels, audiometric elements
5.5) Sound measurements and calculations
6. Water Supply System
6.1) Objectives and process of water supply system and treatment plant; water and facility resources
6.2) Water reticulation, distribution, storage, legislation and regulations
6.3) Cold and hot water supply system for low and high-rise building
6.4) Exercising of cold water supply system; storage tank and pipe sizing
6.5) Interpretation of water supply drawings
7. Wastewater and Drainage System
7.1) Sanitary appliances; type and purposes
7.2) Above and below ground systems; installation and testing
7.3) Sewage Treatment System; discharge system
8. Electrical Supply and Distribution System
8.1) Principles of Electricity; Public Supply
8.2) Generation and transmission by national provider: power stations, sub-stations, transformers, overhead and underground cables, etc.
8.3) Installation to buildings; general principles: cables, supply breakers, distribution, lightning protection, etc.
8.4) Service intake: domestic, commercial and industrial intake arrangements.
8.5) Wiring System: small and large installation
8.6) Distribution Circuits: lighting, outlets, apparatus etc.
9. Communication System
9.1) Fixed line telephone system and internet installation
9.2) Internal installation: apparatus, distribution frame, etc.
9.3) Design appreciation on internal cable distribution; trunking, ducting and distribution apparatus