Chapter 29 : The Grandson of Lakan Dula of Tondo, David Dula y Goiti popularly known as David Dulay

Historical Accounts on David Dulay

David Goiti Dula is the eldest son of Batang Dula and a mysterious Spaniard by the name of Senorita de Goiti. Batang Dula is the eldest son of Lakan Bunao Dula of Tondo. Batang Dula, with the help of his Spanish wife presided what is now historically known as the "diaspora of the native nobility". After the death of Lakan Dula, the Spanish government initiated consolidation efforts in Manila and eventually, in the whole archipelago. “Aside from Magat Salamat, who became the nominal but not ruling rajah of Manila upon the demise of Rajah Sulayman lll, and Batang Dula who was married to the sister of de Goiti, Lakan Dula’s three other sons were Don Dionisio Capulong, Don Phelipe Salonga, the Datu of Pulu and among those exiled to Mexico, and Don Martin Lakan Dula who entered the Augustinian Order as a lay brother in 1590” (Carating, 2014, p.36). Meantime, the natives were forced to adopt Spanish surnames. Natives who are blood related or loyal to Lakan Dula were harassed and some of them are murdered. They are suspected as being close to the British Royalty, the arch rival of Spain in the world power of that time. As the eldest son of Lakan Dula, Batang Dula initiated resistance of the native population led by the second son of Lakan Dula, Magat Salamat. It is a royal tradition that the second son is more warlike than the eldest, the heir of the throne. But when the native resistance was slowly being neutralized by the strong Spanish forces in Manila, Batang Dula started to deploy and hide his children and relatives to native settlements outside of Manila as far as Pampanga, La Union, Cagayan Valley, Butuan, Lake Sebu, Northern Samar, Palawan, Bulacan, Marikina, Iloilo, Antipolo, Pangasinan, and Zamboanga using the friendly Chinese merchant ships. The three children of Batang Dula where hidden under the care of local warriors. David Goiti Dula was hidden in Candawid, Laoang, Northern Samar under the protection of the warrior Sumuroy family. His son adopted the name David Dulay. A daughter of Batang Dula by the name of Daba Goiti Dula, was hidden in a nearby plantation now known as Candaba and protected by the Capulong warrior family. She was hidden as Daba Capulong. The youngest daughter Dola Goiti Dula was hidden in what is now known as Candola, San Luis Pampanga and was put under the care of a stronghold of relatives. She took an assumed name of Dola Goiti Lacandola. Eventually, the plan of Batang Dula to save the bloodline became successful. Today, descendants of Lakan Dula can be found in most poblacions all over the country residing in bahay na bato. An article in a highly conservative site of prominent Filipinos mentioned in passing some descendants who survived the Spanish persecution, one of them is Ceferino Rivas Dulay of Northern Samar who went back to Tondo to recapture his heritage and eventually settled in Marikina Valley as the katiwala of the Tuason/Cacho family who owned and later developed the Hacienda Mariquina, into the present-day Marikina City. “The Tioco family was a very rich and generous family from Old Tondo. They owned numerous fishing boats in Tondo and Malabon. Siblings Balbino Tioco and Romana Tioco were illustrious citizens and famous Tondo benefactors of the 19th century.Balbino’s son Maximiano was kidnapped in the late 19th century and ransomed for 3 “kaings” of gold. Maximiano was married to a spanish mestiza Marciana Félix (same Félix family as Joji Félix Velarde and Conchita Félix wife of Felipe Calderón of the Malolos Constitution).Maximiano married Teodorica Ylo (The Cabangis family are also descended from the Ylo’s) They bore 5 children, Nemesio, Salvador, “Beot”, Guadalupe (married to Don Eduardo Barretto), Consuelo (married to Dr Rufino Mendoza, son of Don Isabelo Mendoza de Villablanca, a direct descendant of the spaniard Don Benito Mendoza, first gobernadorcillo of Mariquina in 1787. Benito’s descendant Juana Mendoza Cerbito married Ceferino Dulay, a patriarch of the Rajah Lakan Dula/Dulay Clan. Long after the family had left Old Tondo for the plush villages of Makati and other parts of Manila, there remains Calle Romana* in honor of Romana Tioco, and Calle Tioco* in honor of Balbino and Romana, two personages of the same family in gratitude for their inexhaustible generosity to Tondo (Daluyan, 2010)." The original plan of the “diaspora of the native aristocracy” is to keep the descendants safe, gather, and consolidate forces outside of Manila and attack Manila on a given time. But Sumuroy, a loyal henchman from the farthest end of the Kingdom of Tondo in Northern Samar, who was to lead the recapturing of Manila, eventually died in a battle with the Spaniards, so David Dulay was forced to take openly the leadership position of the native forces from a mere financier of the revolt into an actual leader of the armed struggle. His leadership took some time and had expanded the rebellion to nearby provinces. But on a very special mission to gain control of a Spanish detachment in nearby Palapag to consolidate his base, David was wounded and captured. He was eventually executed together with his seven trusted men. David Dulay is now known in history as the first mestizo martyr of the Philippine quest for independence. After his death, the resistance of the natives intensified in different places of the country led by personalities with native sounding surnames like Manga, Sakay, Kudarat, Dagohoy, Aginaldo, Dagohoy, Kiram, Silang, Malong, etc (Project Gutenberg. World Library Foundation).

DAR Cited David Dulay, the Great Grandfather of the Dulay Clan of Marikina Valley, La Union and Northern Samar

Northern SamarCapital: Catarman

No. of towns: 24

Land area: 3,497.9 sq. km.

Location:

Bounded on the north by Philippine Sea, on the east by the Eastern Samar, Samar Sea on the west, and Western Samar and Samar Sea on the south.

Overview:

Northern Samar is a province of the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is Catarman and is located at the northern portion of the island of Samar. Bordering the province to the south are the provinces of Samar and Eastern Samar. To the northwest, across the San Bernardino Strait is Sorsogon; to the east is the Philippine Sea and to the west is Samar Sea. Most people speak Norte Samarnon, a variation of Waray-Waray, though Cebuano is also widely understood, being spoken in the municipality of San Isidro and the island municipalities of San Antonio and San Vicente. A third language Inabaknon is spoken in the island of Capul. Norte Samarnon usually is further sub classified into Balicuatro, Central and Pacific speakers.

Northern Samar is subdivided into two (2) congressional districts, 24 towns or municipalities, and 569 barangays.

Allen,Biri, Bobon, Capul, Catarman ,Catubig, Gamay, Laoang,

Lapinig, Las Navas, Lavezares, Lope de Vega,Mapanas, Mondragon,

Palapag, Pambujan, Rosario, San Antonio, San Isidro, San Jose, San Roque,

San Vicente, silvino Lobos, Victoria.

Northern Samar is where the Sumuroy Rebellion of 1649-1650 led by the Waray hero Juan Ponce Sumuroy first began. One of the trusted coconspirators of Sumuroy, the son of David Dula y Goiti, sustained the Filipino quest for motherland in a greater vigor. He was however wounded in a battle, was captured and later was executed in Palapag, Northern Samar by the Spaniards together with his seven key lieutenants. They were accused of masterminding several attacks on Spanish detachments. The place where David came from was named later as Candawid (Kan David) in Isla De Batag, Laoang, Northern Samar. Some of David's descendants changed their surnames to Dulay to avoid Spanish prosecutions. Some maintained their surname Dula, which up to these days is the source of minor internal frictions among some descendants of David Dula y Goiti in Laoang, Northern Samar accusing each side as "sigbinan", a native waray folklore which originated in Isla de Batag, which connotes "a family secretly keeping bear-like creatures", which are being fed with all kinds of meat, sometimes, including flesh of dead Spanish Guardia Civil. Several famous Northern Samarenos are tracing their ancestry among the seven co-conspirators executed with David Dula y Goiti in Palapag, Northern Samar. Two of them are the great grandfather of the Daza and the Lucero of Northern Samar.

Most of the towns are situated along the northern coast facing the San Bernardino Strait. In the late 16th century, the strait was part of the galleon trade route of the Spaniards between Manila and Acapulco. A royal port was established in the cove of Palapag, a town east of the capital, where the trade vessels were repaired by experienced native shipbuilders. In the mid-17th century, many of these Samareños migrated to Cavite after they had been recruited by the Spanish authorities to work at the new shipyard there. Many Caviteños may therefore trace their roots to this now sleepy coastal town. The only evidence of its busy maritime past is a tall, lonely stone-tower used as a lookout for invading Moslem pirates (http://www.dar.gov.ph).

The Romualdezes of Leyte Consider David Dula y Goiti of Candawid, Laoang Samar as one of their Clan Heroes

Daniel Zialcita Romualdez (September 11, 1907 – March 22, 1965) was a Filipino politician who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1957 to 1962.

He was named after his paternal grandfather, Daniel Romualdez, of Pandacan, Manila and former owner of the Malacañang Gardens, the huge expanse of land dedicated to entertaining guests of the Philippine presidents. Another namesake is a first cousin once removed, Daniel Gomez Romualdez, the New York architect and son of former ambassador and governor Benjamin Trinidad Romualdez (brother of Imelda Marcos) and that of the son of Froilan Romualdez and Josefina Cerbo named Daniel Cerbo Romualdez.

Daniel "Danieling" Romualdez was born in Tolosa, Leyte. His father, Miguel, once served as an assemblyman for Leyte and mayor of the city of Manila.[2] His great-grandfather was involved in the Sumoroy Revolt but narrowly escaped Spanish execution when he was allowed by David Dulay to visit his ailing mother. Dulay and his seven trusted men were later executed in Palapag, Northern Samar and were buried in unmarked graves without Roman Catholic rites. Superstitions existed that a Romualdez was to die that day in Palapag. More than fifty years later, Philippine Supreme Court Associate Justice Norberto Romuáldez, Danieling's famous uncle and the man who made their surname distinguished in society, would suddenly die of a heart attack in Palapag, hometown of his second wife Beatriz, daughter of the parish priest Fray Salustiano Buz, who insisted on campaigning at the grassroots level for the Philippine Senate elections when he was almost guaranteed to win on account of his nationwide reputation.

Romualdez enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas in Sampaloc, Manila. He obtained his law degree in 1931 (https://www.revolvy.com).

CHALLENGES TO SPANISH AUTHORITY (1560 – 1820’s)

Spanish colonial government was greatly challenged by its rivals, the Portuguese and the Dutch, as well as the numerous uprisings and revolts by the Filipinos in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Which leads to the ruins of old Spanish forts, a moro watchtower along the coast, statues of Spanish conquistadores and missionaries, and occasionally, images of Filipino heroes like Lapu-lapu, Rajah Sulayman, Sultan Kudarat, mark many Philippine Towns. Overview: Lapu-lapu Rajah Sulayman Sultan Kudarat

Spanish claims over the Philippines was challenged by a keen rival from the very start. The Portuguese, knowing that the islands belonged to them under the Treaty of Zaragoza. Treaty of Zaragoza – an imaginary line was drawn from the north to south 297 ½ leagues east of Mollucas. West: Spain East: Portugal

General Gonzalo Pereira - In 1566 and 1568 asked Legazpi to leave. Legazpi - The Portuguese blockaded Cebu and bombarded the Spanish settlement (1570) -They failed to disloged their rivals. - The incursions ceased only when Portugal became part of the Spanish Empire. (1580) Portuguese Vs. Spanish - Under the Treaty of Zaragoza the island of Cebu was belong to them, and Portuguese at that time was led by General Gonzalo Pereira. But the owning of Cebu was refused by Legazpi.

Dutch Vs. Spanish Dutch are freedom-loving people. During 1579, Holland send an expedition under Admiral Oliver Van Noort. Spain finally recognized the freedom of Holland in the conclusion of the Westphalia 1648. Treaty of Westphialia in 1648, led to the recognition of the Dutch independence. 1597 – 1647 - battles between the Spaniards & the Dutch. 1597 - First battle of Mariveles. 1610 - Second battle of Mariveles. 1617 - Battle of Playa Honda. 1647 - Dutch last attack against the Spaniards. - They were finally driven off. Admiral Oliver Van Noort

Lakan Dula was friendly to Legazpi. For instance, he and his men helped Legazpi to rebuild Manila. He also helps Martin De Goiti, in Legazpi second Master of Camp. When Legazpi died, his successor Governor Guido Lavares, perhaps through ignorance or bad faith, he lifted the exemption of Lakan Dula and his relatives from the tribute and force labor. 1574, during the attack on Manila by the Chinese Adventurer Limahong, Lakan Dula led revolt against the Spaniards. Juan de Salcedo and Fr. Geronimo Marin – persuaded Lakan Dula to lay down his arms. In return, they promised him and his descendants from the payment of tribute and forced labor. Lakan Dula believed them and ordered his men to return their homes in peace.

This happened in 1587 when a group of Filipinos in Tondo formed a secret society whose purpose was to regain their freedom. Magat Salamat – Lakan Dula’s son Agustin de Legazpi – Legazpi’s nephew Juan Banal – Chief of Tondo Pedro Balingit – Chief of Pandacan The plot spread throughout Central Luzon and as far as Cuyo Island and Borneo. The society’s plan was to have a Christian Japanese ally bring Japanese weapon and soldiers to the Philippines, and with these weapon drive away the Spaniards. After which Agustin Legazpi would be proclaimed King of the Philippine. The plan seemed good, but it was aborted due to spies who reported it to Spanish authorities.

Pedro Ladia – a native Borneo who came to Bulacan to lead an armed uprising against the Spaniards. He proclaimed “King of Tagalogs”. His planned reach the friar-curate of Malolos who desuaded the town people froim believing Ladia. He urged them to remain faithful to the church and to the King of Spain. At the same time, the friar-curate notified the Spanish authorities of Ladia’s activities. Ladia was arrested, sent to Manila, and then executed.

Maniago Revolt led by Don Francisco Maniago, initially caused by natives' protest against the polo and bandala ("polo" was forced labour and "bandala" was tribute in the form of food stuff. bandala was the Kapampangan word for food basket.), later became a struggle to free the natives from Spanish rule. The rebels were weakened by Gov. de Lara's cooperation of Arayat chief Macapagal. The Maniago Revolt was an uprising in Pampanga during the 1660s. It was a revolt against the Spanish during the colonial period and was named after its leader, Francisco Maniago. During that time, Pampanga drew most of the attention from the religious group because of its relative wealth. They also bore the burden of more tribute, forced labor, and rice exploitation. They were made to work for eight months under unfair conditions and were not paid for their labor and for the rice purchased from them. Their patience was put to the limit and they signified their intention to revolt by setting their campsite on fire. The fight soon began and because the Spaniards were busy fighting against the Dutch, they were badly depleted by the Kapampangans. Maniago was very clever and was able to make his fellows believe in the idea of attaining freedom if they revolt. He succeeded not only in the attempt of having his natives believe in his propaganda but also the Pangasineses, Cagayanons and the Ilocanos. But sometimes, Maniago lied and exaggerated his claims. He once told his followers that a group of Pampangos entered Manila and killed all the Spaniards there. However, he was very confident that he can actually persuade the chieftains of each town in Pampanga to kill the Spaniards and free the province from them. Although their motives were already executed, a Spanish governor named Manrique de Lara was able to neutralize the rebellion by using the "divide and rule" trick. He began with a "show of force" directed at Macabebe, one of the more affluent towns in the province at that time. The Macabebe was intimidated and became friendly towards the Spaniards, who responded in the same way. This strategy was also done to other towns in the province and in the end, Maniago and his followers did not have a choice but to agree in making peace with Governor de Lara. The Governor also tricked Maniago into leaving Manila with a bribe of being appointed as a master of camp in the Pampango regiment in the city. Maniago was never heard from again and according to one account, he was shot months later in Mexico, Pampanga. The Maniago revolt was the start of a much bigger and even bloodier revolt in Pangasinan. This battle was led by a man named Andres Malong who had heeded the call of Maniago to revolt against the Spaniards

The Magalat Revolt was an uprising in the Philippines in 1596, led by Magalat, a Filipino rebel from Cagayan. He had been arrested in Manila for inciting rebellion against the Spanish, and after he was released on the importunities of some Dominican priests, he returned to Cagayan. Together with his brother, he incited the whole country to revolt. He was said to have committed atrocities upon his fellow natives for refusing to rise up against the Spaniards. He soon controlled the countryside, and the Spanish eventually found themselves besieged. The Spanish Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzmán, sent Pedro de Chaves from Manila with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops. They fought successfully against the rebels, and captured and executed several leaders under Magalat. Magalat himself was assassinated within his fortified headquarters by his own men, who apparently had been promised a reward by the Spaniards.

Sumuroy Revolt (1649-50) In the town of Palapag today in Northern Samar, Agustin Sumuroy, a Waray, and some of his followers rose in arms on June 1, 1649 over the polo y servicio or forced labor system being undertaken in Samar. This is known as the Sumuroy Revolt, named after Agustin Sumuroy. The government in Manila directed that all natives subject to the polo are not to be sent to places distant from their hometowns to do their forced labor. However, under orders of the various town alcaldes, ormayors, The Waray were being sent to the shipyards of Cavite to do their polo, which sparked the revolt. The local parish priest of Palapag was murdered and the revolt eventually spread to Mindanao, Bicoland the rest of the Visayas, especially in places such as Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin, Zamboanga, Albay, Camarines and parts of northern Mindanao, such as Surigao. A rebel government was successfully established in the mountains of Samar. The defeat, capture and execution of Sumuroy in June 1650 delivered a big setback to the revolt. His trusted coconspirator David Dulay sustained the quest for freedom with greater vigor but in one of a fierce battles several years later, he was wounded, captured and later executed in Palapag, Northern Samar by the Spaniards together with his seven key lieutenants.

Igorot Revolt (1601) By order of then Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzmán an expedition was sent to the Cordillera region for religious conversion purposes with the aid of Padre Esteban Marin. Marin, the curate of Ilocos at that time, who tried to initially convince the Igorots to convert peacefully to Cathilism. Marin allegedly even tried to create his own dictionary in Igorot dialect to advance this cause. The Igorots, however, killed Marin and the Governor- General sent Captain Aranda with Spanish and Lumad foot soldiers, who used brute force and had the Igorot villages cooled in his rage for the gain of the friar. The revolt was short-lived as Aranda made use of extreme measures and executed them quickly to dispel the revolt in the Cordillera region.

Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622) The Tamblot Revolt or Tamblot Uprising was a religious uprising in the island of Bohol, led by Tamblot in 1621. The Jesuits first came to Bohol in 1596 and eventually governed the island and converted the Boholanos to the Catholic faith. Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest, urged his fellow Boholanos to return to the old belief of their forefathers. The revolt began on the day when the Jesuits were in Cebu, celebrating the feast day of St. Francis Xavier. It was finally crushed on New Year's Day, in 1622. Tamblot was executed and his head was severed on a pike to serve as a warning to the populace.

Bancao Revolt (1621-1622) The Bancao Revolt was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Bancao, the datu of Carigara, in the present-day Carigara Philippine province of Leyte. Bancao had warmly received Miguel López de Legazpi as his guest, when he first arrived in the Philippines in 1565. Although baptized as a Catholic in his youth, he abandoned this faith in later years. With ababaylan, or religious leader named Pagali, he built a temple for a diwata or local goddess, and pressed six towns to rise up in revolt. Similar to the Tamblot Uprising, Pagali used magic to attract followers, and claimed that they could turn the Spaniards into clay by hurling bits of earth at them. Governor-General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza sent the alcalde mayor of Cebu, Juan de Alcarazo, with Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops, to suppress the rebellion. Bancao's severed head was impaled on a bamboo stake and displayed to the public as a stern warning. One of his sons was also beheaded, and one of the babaylans was burned at the stake. Three other followers were executed by firing squad which the Spanish already possessed at that time. Other historical sources/accounts report. The Bancao Revolt as the first recorded uprising against foreign colonization. The (1621– 1622) dates may be inaccurate. Carigara was known only a decade after Magellan landed in Limasawa in 1521. The uprising may well have taken place towards the end of 16th century.

Panay Revolt (1663) The Panay Revolt was a religious uprising in 1663 that involved Tapar, a native of the island of Panay, who wanted to establish a religious cult in the town of Oton. He attracted some followers with his stories about his frequent conversations with a demon. Tapar and his men were killed in a bloody skirmish against Spanish and colonial foot soldier troops and their corpses were impaled on stakes.

Chinese Revolt of 1662 Fearing an invasion of Chinese led by the famous pirate Koxinga, the garrisons around Manila were reinforced. An increasing anti-Chinese sentiment grew within much of the population. In the end, the invasion did not materialize, but many locals massacred hundreds of Chinese in the Manila.

Zambal Revolt (1681-1683) A group of chieftains from Zambales had refused to accept the authority of the Crown over their realm and staged a revolt. The Spanish were very swift to respond and sent a colonial force of 6,000 foot soldiers to suppress the uprising. After 2 years of conflict, the Spanish had pacified the entire area of Zambales and all of the chieftains who participated in the revolt were executed.

Itneg Revolt (1625-1627) The Itneg Revolt, or the Mandaya Revolt, was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Miguel Lanab and Alababan, the two was previously baptised as Catholics against their will are from the Itneg or Mandaya tribe of Capinatan, in northwestern Cagayan, in the Philippines. The region is now part of the landlocked province of Apayao. Miguel Lanab and Alababan murdered, beheaded and mutilated two Dominican missionaries, Father Alonzo Garcia and Brother Onofre Palao, who were sent by the Spanish colonial government to convert the Itneg people to Christianity. After cutting Father Garcia's body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs. Afterwards, they compelled their fellow Itnegs to loot, desecrate Catholic images, set fire to the local churches, and escape with them to the mountains. In 1626, Governor-General Fernándo de Silva sent Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops to suppress the rebellion. They destroyed farms and other sources of food to starve the Itnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627.

Agrarian Revolt of 1745 The Agrarian Revolt was a revolt undertaken between the years 1745 and 1746 in much of the present-day CALABARZON (specifically in Batangas, Laguna and Cavite) and in Bulacan, with its first sparks in the towns of Lian and Nasugbu in Batangas. Indigenous landowners rose in arms over the land-grabbing of Spanish friars or Catholic religious’ orders, with native landowners demanding that Spanish priests return their lands on the basis of ancestral domain. The refusal of the Spanish priests resulted in much rioting, resulting in massive looting of convents and arson of churches and ranches. The case was eventually investigated by Spanish officials and was even heard in the court of Ferdinand VI in which he ordered the priests to return the lands they seized. The priests were successfully able to appeal the return of lands back to the natives, which resulted in no land being returned to native landowners.

Dagohoy Rebellion (1744-1829) In 1744 in what is now the province of Bohol, what is known today as the Dagohoy Revolt was undertaken by Francisco Dagohoy and his followers. This revolt is unique since it is the only revolt completely related to matters of religious customs, although unlike the Tamblot Uprising before it, it is not a complete religious rebellion. After a duel in which Dagohoy's brother died, the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Catholic burial, since dueling is a mortal sin. The refusal of the priest eventually led to the longest revolt ever held in Philippine history: 85 years. It also led to the establishment of a free Boholano government. Twenty governors-general, from Juan Arrechederra to Mariano Ricafort Palacin y Abarca, failed to stop the revolt. Ricafort himself sent a force of 2,200 foot soldiers to Bohol, which was defeated by Dagohoy's followers. Another attack, also sent by Ricafort in 1828 and 1829, failed as well. Dagohoy died two years before the revolt ended, though, which led to the end of the revolt in 1829. Some 19,000 survivors were granted pardon and were eventually allowed to live in new Boholano villages: namely, the present-day towns of Balilihan, Batuan, Bilar (Vilar), Catigbian and Sevilla (Cabulao).

Silang Revolt (1762-1763) Arguably one of the most famous revolts in Philippine history is the Silang Revolt from 1762 to 1763, led by the couple of Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang. Unlike the other revolts, this revolt took place during the British invasion of Manila. On December 14, 1762, Diego Silang declared the independence of Ilocandia, naming the state "Free Ilocos" and proclaimed Vigan the capital of this newly independent state. The British heard about this revolt in Manila and even asked the help of Silang in fighting the Spanish. However, Silang was killed on May 28, 1763 by Miguel Vicos, a friend of Silang. The Spanish authorities paid for his murder, leading to his death in the arms of his wife, Gabriela. She continued her husband's struggle, earning the title "Joan of Arc of the Ilocos" because of her many victories in battle. The battles of the Silang revolt are a prime example of the use of divide et impera, since Spanish troops largely used Kampampangan soldiers to fight the Ilocanos. Eventually, the revolt ended with the defeat of the Ilocanos. Gabriela Silang was executed by Spanish authorities in Vigan on September 10, 1763.

Basi Revolt (1807) The Basi Revolt, also known as the Ambaristo Revolt, was a revolt undertaken from September 16 to 28, 1807. It was led by Pedro Mateo and Salarogo Ambaristo (though some sources refer to a single person named Pedro Ambaristo), with its events occurring in the present-day town of Piddig in Ilocos Norte. This revolt is unique as it revolves around the Ilocanos' love for basi, or sugarcane wine. In 1786, the Spanish colonial government expropriated the manufacture and sale of basi, effectively banning private manufacture of the wine, which was done before expropriation. Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores. However, wine-loving Ilocanos in Piddig rose in revolt on September 16, 1807, with the revolt spreading to nearby towns and with fighting lasting for weeks. Spanish led troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807, albeit with much force and loss of life on the losing side. A series of 14 paintings on the Basi Revolt by Esteban Pichay Villanueva currently hangs at the Philippine National Museum, to be later moved to a museum in Ilocos.

Novales Revolt (1823) Novales later grew discontented with the way Spanish authorities treated the Creoles. His discontent climaxed when peninsulares were shipped to the Philippines to replace Creole officers. He found sympathy of many Creoles, including Luis Rodriguez Varela, the Conde Indio. As punishment to the rising sense of discontentment, many military officers and public officials were exiled. One of them was Novales, who was exiled to Mindanao to fight the Moro. However, Novales was not stopped to secretly return to Manila. On the night of June 1, 1823, Novales along with a certain sub-lieutenant Ruiz and other subordinates in the King's Regiment, went out to start a revolt. Along with 800 Indigenous natives in which his sergeants recruited, they seized the royal palace (palacio del gobernador), the Manila Cathedral, the city's cabildo (city hall) and other important government buildings in Intramuros. Failing to find governor general Juan Antonio Martínez, they killed the lieutenant governor and former governor general, Mariano Fernandez de Folgueras. Folgueras was the one that suggested Spain to replace Creole officers with peninsulars. The soldiers shouted, "Long live the Emperor Novales!" (Viva el Emperador Novales). Surprisingly, the townsfolk followed Novales and his troops as they marched into Manila. They eventually failed to seize Fort Santiago because Antonio Novales, his brother who commanded the citadel, refused to open its gates. Learning that Fort Santiago was still holding out the rebels, soldiers were rushed to the fort. Novales himself was caught hiding under Puerta Real by Spanish led soldiers. At 5:00 pm of June 2, Novales was killed with Ruiz and 21 sergeants by firing squad in a garden near Puerta del Postigo. At his last minute, he declared that he and his comrades shall set an example of fighting for freedom. Antonio was also included in the execution, since he was the brother of Andres. However, the people pleaded for his freedom for he saved the government from being overthrown. Antonio went mad after the ordeal, yet receiving a monthly pension of 14 pesos.

Desire to regain the lost freedom of their ancestors. (Political) Religious intolerance of Spaniards authorities. (Religious) Abuses of the Spaniards (Personal) The hatred tribute and oppressive forced labor. Loss of ancestral lands.

25. Personal Motives Political Motives Religious Motive

Uprising Revolt Date Place Cause Leader Result Igorot 1601 Northern Luzon Desire to maintain their old religion Failed Caraga 1629-1631 Caraga, Northern Mindanao Dissatisfaction of townspeople to the Spanish rule Failed Dagohoy 1744-1828 Bohol Refusal of Fr. Morales to give Dagohony’s brother a christian burial Silang 1762-1763 Ilocos Desire to expel the Spaniards from Ilocos Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang Failed (Diego was assasinated) Visayan/ Sumuroy 1649-1650 Eastern Visayas, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga Caused by Gov. Fajardo’s order to send Visayan laborers to Cavite for shipbuilding Juan Ponce Sumo Uroy and Pedro Caamug Failed (Leaders were captured and were beheaded)

Pampanga 1585 Pampanga Abuses of Spanish Encomiender os Failed (A woman betrayed the revolt) Cagayan - Ilocos 1589 Cagayan, Ilocos Norte Refusal to pay tributes, tyranny of tribute collectors Failed (easily supressed) Magalat 1596 Malolos, Bulacan and Southern Luzon Weariness from Spanish oppression Pedro Ladia Failed (leader was captured) Pangasinanan/ Malong 1660-1661 Binalatongan, Pangasinan Quarrel bet. Fr. Gorospe and Malong Andres Malong and Pedro Gumpaos FailedTRo Lakandula 1574 Tondo, Navotas Failure of Gov. Lavazares to fulfill Legazpi’s promise to Lakandula Lakandula Failed Tondo 1587-1588 Tonso, Cuyo, Calamianes Desire for independence Magat Salamat, Agustin de Legazpi, Juan Banal & Pedro Balingit Failed a spy reported to Spanish authorities about their plan. Leaders were executed

1. Absence of NationalLeader 2. Lukewarm spirit of nationalism among Filipinos. 3. Inadequate training and preparation for walfare.

Moro Wars, (1901–13), in Philippine history, a series of scattered campaigns involving Americantroops and Muslim bands on Mindanao, Philippines. The Moro fought for religious rather than political reasons, and their actions were unconnected with those of the Filipino revolutionaries who conducted the Philippine-American War (1899–1902). When sovereignty over the Philippines passed to the United States in 1898 after the Spanish-American War, the United States initiated a policy designed to assimilate the Moro into the Philippine nation and to curb some feudal practices such as slave trading. The result of this attempt to alter the traditional ways of the Moro was intransigence and rebellion. Sporadic fighting took place in 1901 and was renewed in the spring of 1903. American troops were attacked near Lake Lanao in the interior of Mindanao. The best known of the American-Moro battles occurred in March 1906 at the top of Mount Dajo on the island of Jolo. Six hundred Moro who had taken refuge inside a large volcanic crater were killed by troops under Gen. Leonard Wood. Because a number of women and children were killed in the fight, Wood came under severe criticism in the U.S. Congress, but he was absolved of any wrongdoing by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt. Renewed hostilities occurred in September 1911 and June 1913. Fighting ceased thereafter, although Moro separatist movements continued into the 21st century.

Source:

https://www.slideshare.net/lorymiguel9/challenges-to-spanish-authority-32311663 . Retrieved March3, 2020

THE REASON WHY JUAN MACAPAGAL SIDED WITH THE SPANIARDS

Lakandula’s descendants are The Macapagal’s,Puyat’s Carmelo’s and the Bantug’s Lakandula’s descendants are mostly found in the Pampanga region He fathered at least four sons, including Datu Dionisio Capulong of Candaba, Datu Felipe Salonga of Pulu, Datu Magat Salamat of Tondo and Martín Lakandula who entered the Augustinian monastery to become a priest in 1590.He had one daughter by the name of María Poloin who married Alonso Talabos.

In 1587, his sons Magat Salamat, Dionisio Capulong and Phelipe Salonga, along with his nephew Augustin de Legazpi and the lords of Pandacan, Marikina, Navotas and Bulacan participated in what has since been called the “revolt of the Lakans” and were all punished by the Spanish authorities. Augustin de Legazpi was hanged and his head cut off and exposed on the gibbet in an iron cage. His properties were seized by the Spanish authorities and his lands plowed and sown with salt so that they would remain barren. Dionisio Capulong, then Datu of Candaba, was exiled from his town and paid a heavy fine. Governor-General de Vera eventually pardoned him. Later, he served as a guide and interpreter for two Spanish expeditions into Igorot country in 1591 and 1594. Felipe Salonga, then chief of Polo, was exiled to Mexico and was thus one of the very first Filipinos to settle in there. Wenceslao E. Retana relates that “Magat Salamat was condemned to death. His goods were to be employed for erection of the new fortress of this city (Manila). He appealed to the royal Audiencia, but the case was remitted to the governor, in order that justice might be done- except that the goods were to be set aside for the treasury. The sentence was executed. |url=http://www.oocities.com/sinupan/magatsalamat.htm |title=Magat Salamat |author=Tomas L. |accessdate=2008-07-14}}

A grandson of Lakan Dula, a mestizo by the name of David Dula y Goiti, escaped the persecution of the descendants of Lakan Dula by settling in Isla de Batag, Northern Samar and settled in a place now called Candawid.He was imprisoned by Spanish soldiers in Palapag and was executed together with several followers. They were charged of treason with planning to attack the Spanish settlement.

The current David Dulay descendants are the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Petre, Hilario father of Eleuterio Dulay, Sr. of Laoang, N. Samar and a mayor for more than 20 years during the Marcos Regime died of heart ailment. The other descendants are those carrying the surname Dula related to Councilor Rufo Dula. Wishing to avoid the persecution experienced by his latter ancestors, Lakan Dula’s great grandson Juan Macapagal aided the Spanish authorities in suppressing the 1660 Kapampangan revolt of Francisco Maniago and the Pangasinan revolt of Andrés Malong and the 1661 Ilocano revolt. The Ilocano revolt was headed by warrior tribes from Eastern Pangasinan, the Nozuelo and Moreno clans. Because of his service to the Spanish crown, the Spanish authorities revived the special privileges offered by the Spanish crown to Lakan Dula and his descendants spread across the province of Pampanga. A Gremio de Lakandulas was created in 1758 to protect the privileges of the Kapampangan descendants of Lakandula. During the British occupation of Manila in 1762-1764, the descendants of Lakan Dula, now located in the province of Pampanga, formed a group of volunteers to fight the British and were granted autonomy by Governor General Simón de Anda y Salazar.

During the Spanish times, the family of Lakandula opposed to the Spaniards with regards to changing the surnames. Instead to Lakandula, they decided to replace “Lakan” with “Gat” that means “lord”. The title Gat was used by the people from the high society, including Gat Jose Rizal

Source:

https://remembranceofthingsawry.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/the-families-of-old-binondo-manila/. By Enrique Bustos June 27, 2010

Some Other Accounts Why the Macapagals Sided with the Spaniards

trismegistos AF Pro Oct 14 2010, 08:17 AM Post #12

QUOTE (martin_nuke @ Oct 13 2010, 08:53 PM) The Philippines will be part of Borneo and Brunei will be the capital if the Spaniards did not colonize the Philippines.

Then we will be as rich as Brunei and with Arabia and Persia, the joint superpowers instead of the US.

Whoever holds the Philippine isles rules the world. (IMG:http://www.asiafinest.com/forum/style_emoticons/default/embarassedlaugh.gif)

From slaves to masters, masters to slaves. It's a cycle.

The Jews were slaves, then. Now, they are the masters with the Rothschild and the rest of banker families on top of the Financial cartel controlling the fast collapsing parasitic Global monetary system.

After 400 yrs of colonial servitude, after China had finally surpassed the US, the Philippines and the rest of the SEA nations will be the next Economic Powerhouse just like in the Glorious Srivijayan days. (IMG:http://www.asiafinest.com/forum/style_emoticons/default/embarassedlaugh.gif)

QUOTE

Spain had many things to offer to the Native Filipinos like the Conquistador Goiti offered his sister to the King of Manila for marriage that is why Spain and the Kingdom of Manila had an alliance and they also bore a son David Dula y Goiti.

I think the real reason Goiti offered her sister was in order to partake the Gold or wealth of the Lakan Dula clan. The native principalias had fabulous wealth which the Spaniards lusted for.

The Spaniards massacred almost all of David Dulay's kins in the failed revolt of the lakans or the tondo conspiracy. That's why the remaining blood relatives had to kiss the asses of their colonial masters in order that their lineage would survive and never to be uprooted. Now, some people and historians would label them the Lakan Dula Clan(Don Macapagal et al) as traitors to their native brethren because of their loyalty to Mother Spain by fighting against Don Maniago of Pampanga, Don Malong of Pangasinan, the Ilocano and Zambal rebels, the fugitive Limahong and aiding the Spaniards in the massacre of the Chinese and in repelling the Dutch and the British invasions, etc..

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From: Los Indios Bravos' Mu

The Heirs of Lakan Dula

The Descendants of Lakan Dula of Tondo are united, their unassuming secretive patriarch does not rule, he reigns privately

Their unassuming secretive patriarch of the modern times does not rule, he reigns privately, the personal leadership style he inherited from the earlier traditional leaders of the descendancy, a reaction from the centuries of Spanish persecutions. He might even deny his historical role or point to somebody else when talking to non descendant.Descendants will not point directly their patriarch but if needed, they will indirectly identify him as the one who has been very active in coordinating them.

Juancho Bong Sempio wrote this article on the KAANAK NG MGA BAYANI, KATIPUNERO AT REBOLUSYONARYO last March 13, 2016

"Our new member bro Toti Dulay is a descendant of Lakan Dula or Lakandula to some...

Lakan Dula was a native muslim king of Tundun (a large area covering most of what is now present-day Metro Manila), when the Spanish colonization of the Philippine Islands had begun. He ruled a community of Muslim people who lived north of the Pasig River.Lakan Dula was one of three Muslim chieftains in the Manila during the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors led by Martín de Goiti, and Juan de Salcedo in 1570. Lakan is his official title meaning King and later baptized Lakan Carlos Dula (it was found later by the National Historical Commission that he was not actually baptized and did not changed his name), was the Lakan paramount ruler of the pre-colonial Philippine Kingdom of Tondo when the Spaniards first conquered the lands of the Pasig River delta in the 1570's. His father is Rajah Salalila (Sulayman I) and his mother is Ysmeria. His beloved wife is Mutya and they are blessed with several children. His grandparents are Dayang (Lady) Kalangitan and Gat (Lord) Lontok and his brother is Rajah Matanda (Sulayman II). Rajah Mura or Muda (Sulayman III) and Lakan Banao Dula led a revolt known as the Sulayman Revolt of 1574 in the villages of Navotas, taking advantage of the confusion brought about by the attacks of Chinese pirate Limahong. This is also often referred to as the "Manila revolt" but is sometimes referred to as the "Sulayman Revolt" and the "Lakan Dula Revolt."

Trivia Piyu Saturday

TRIVIA: Did you know that a professor in FEU is a descendant of Lakan Dula?

His name is Prof. Sofronio "Toti" Dulay.

He is also the current Grand Patriarch of the Lakan Dula Clan. One of the

best professors not only in IABF but in FEU as a whole.

More info about Prof. Toti Dulay, read

here:https://sites.google.com/site/totidulay/home

Follow us on Twitter: @trivia_piyu

-admin J

• • • • • Delmar Topinio Taclibon: Okay, I will do that Grand Patriarch Toti Dulay

          • • Hester Cheng As the finance officer of the CDM foundation i am very happy of this development, ill be getting in touch with you,,

Delmar Topinio Taclibon

"My deepest gratitude to Hrh Prince Omar Kiram and His Majesty Sultan Fuad A. Kiram I of the Royal Hashemite Sultanate of Sulu and Sabah for this conferment as one of the Datu(k) of the Royal Dominion."

Message of Hrh Prince Omar Kiram:

"The Hon. Datuk Sir Delmar Topinio Taclibon, KRSS, we wish you and your family and all our beloved members a blessed and prosperous joyful new year. Let us continue our resolve, commitment, dedication, true faith and allegiance to our beloved anointed Sultan Fuad A. Kiram I, to realize our advocacy of Sabah and Spratlys against Malaysia's land grabbing for the benefits of the Tausugs and the Filipinos. God Defend the Right!"

Toti Dulay : "congrats insan Delmar Topinio Taclibon and mabuhay ang Magat Salamat lineage ni Lakan Dula ng Tondo..."

Delmar Topinio Taclibon : "Thank you too Modern Day Grand Patriarch of the Lakan Dula Clan Sir Toti Dulay!"

Roderick Alain Alvarez : 9th cousin's husband's 9th great uncle's wife's 6th great aunt's husband's 16th great grandson we're that related, insan Toti, pero hindi pa tapos ang Lakan Dula genealogy: please add as many relatives coz, as head of the Royal House, you know them better :)

Toti Dulay: today at 2:36 AM

Thank you insan Roderick, in the Geni. Com genealogy, we saw na lumabas na yung name nung Juan Reyes Macapagal..ang main concern na lang natin is paano na connect si Diosdado Macapagal kay Juan Macapagal?

A UP Professor Jaime Caro, the historian of the Mendoza Clan of Marikina has this conversation with Toti Dulay:

Purmana Wati, whose grandmother is a dayang (princess) in the lineage of Sultan Abdul Kahar, the sixth Sultan of Brunei who ruled Negara Brunei Darussalam in 1524. Purmana resides in their ancestral homeland in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Below is a conversation between Purmana of Sarawak, and Toti Dulay:

A circle of advocates on specialized fields were involved in the projects: Pastor Jay Enage, founder of Baybayin Buhayin, Inc., Samuel Bambit Dulay for arnis, Arjhay Laurea for Kundiman and the family of the late national artist Lang Dulay for tinalak. The leader of the descendants of Lakan Dula had been interviewed by bloggers, I - Juander of GMA, different students and I -Witness of GMA; and the House of Dulay Mendoza has been a favorite venue for films and documentaries. One of those who took notice of the activities of the descendants of Lakan Dula was a Fil American from New York representing the Wangdom of Ma-I in Bulalacao Mindoro. He wrote a letter to the head of the House of Dula and an informal alliance between the Lakanate of Tondo and Wangdom of Ma-I was discussed in principle to support the existing projects and advocacies. The alliance embarked on a US Mission to Recover Doctrina Cristiana now kept by the US Library of Congress which was coordinated with the Office of the President, National Historical Commission and the Department of Foreign Affairs. The people behind the God's Culture in YouTube visited the House of Dula for a Dine with the Ancestors Ritual Havilah Version. A principalia who is a high ranking Filipino priest and papal official based in Vatican City in Rome later participated in the visioning of an organization of the principalia families in the Philippines which in essence became the foundation of the council. In a meeting between the patriarch of the House of Dula and the parish priest of the Sto. Nino de Tondo, a pilgrimage of Lakan Dula descendants to Tondo was discussed and the necessity of formalizing the Principalia Council was deemed as historical priority.

The Macapagals of Pampanga and the Dulays of Northern Samar are Distant Relatives through Batang Dula

Macapagal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Macapagal (rare variant: Makapagal) is a Filipino surname derived from the Kapampangan language.

The family claims noble descent from Dola de Goiti Dula, a legitimate grandchild of Lakan Dula, the last "王" or King of Tondo "東都" (Dongdu). It is the only known branch of the Seludong's royal family to have survived the Majapahit Empire's invasion, the Sultanate of Brunei's pogrom against native royals, Chinese warlord Limahong's massacres, and the fallout from the Tondo Conspiracy. The family survived due to Martin de Goiti's giving of his Mestiza (Half Aztec and Half-Spanish) daughter in marriage to Batang Dula, the eldest son of Lakan Bunao Dula of the Lakanate of Tondo. As time went on, they incorporated the descendants from the two other royal houses: the house of Rajah Matanda (ऋअज ंअतन्द) and the house of Tariq Suleiman (سليمان).

The family then migrated to Pampanga and Northern Samar after the Spanish assumed control of Manila.

The Love - Hate Relationship of the Kingdom of Spain and the Lakanate of Tondo

References:

Carating, R. R., Galanta, R.G., Bacatio, C.D. (2014). The Soils of the Philippines. New York City: Springer Science and Business.

Daluyan: A Historical Dictionary of the Streets of Manila, Printed by NHI cited at http://remembranceofthingsawry.wordpress.com/2010/06/01/the-families-of-old-tondo/. Retrieved August 2, 2016.

http://www.asiafinest.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=243425. Retrieved on June 5, 2011

http://www.dar.gov.ph/northernsamar/places_of_interest.html. Retrieved on April 8, 2013

https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Daniel%20Z.%20Romualdez&item_type=topic. Retrieved February 6, 2017

Project Gutenberg sponsored by the World Library Foundation. http://www.gutenberg.us/articles/kingdom_of_tondo. Retrieved on November 29, 2017