Chapter 20 : The Dulay Mendoza Family of Spain and the Philippines (House of Dula : Tondo |Marikina |Northern Samar |La Union)

    The Mendoza family was a powerful line of Spanish nobles. Members of the family wielded considerable power, especially from the 14th to the 17th centuries in Castile. The family originated from the village of Mendoza in the province of Álava in the Basque countries, with the seigneury becoming part of the Kingdom of Castile during the reign of Alfonso XI (1312–1350). The Mendozas participated in Castilian politics afterward, with its scions becoming advisers, administrators, and clerics. Its different branches and names expanded out of its original nucleus in later centuries. The place-name and surname Mendoza stems from two Basque words: "mend(i)"+"oza", meaning 'cold mountain', with a dropped "i" in between. Álava is a hilly region with a core flat area (the Plains of Álava) bounded at the time by the kingdoms of Castile, and the Navarre in the 13th and 14th century. It had been loosely controlled by Navarre earlier, and retained its own distinctive customs and traditions. The town of Mendoza and the province of Álava itself was also a battlefield, where the clashing noble families of the area settled their disputes for generations. 

In 1332, the Mendozas had already been there for at least a century, struggling with the rival clans, such as the Ayala, Orozco, and Velasco. They traced themselves as a stem of the House of Haro, another powerful clan of the Basque countries. Once the Castilian Civil War came to an end with the triumph of Queen Isabella of Castile, the Basque inter clan warfare generally ended as well, but even way before, since the 14th century, the Mendoza were jostling for position and privilege in Castile, an expanding military power. By virtue of the Mendozas' status as knights and free men, they became Castilian nobility with Álava's annexation (hidalgos). All members of the noble class were knights, administrators, or lawyers, and served in the administration of the realm. The largest family's responsibility was to form and maintain a local army that could be made available if called by the king. The highest nobility became direct vassals of the king.During most of the reign of the Catholic Monarchs no serious conflicts arose between the nobles or crises occurred nationally able to test the cohesion of the family. Tendilla and cousins, separated from the main branch by the expansion of a prolific family and geographic dispersion of their political careers, were delivered, every one by his side, to ensure success without further consideration to the family as a whole. When probate litigation generated, again, serious conflicts in Castile, Mendoza could not or would not act as a group, particularly Tendilla adopted positions against the rest of the family. In the atmosphere of crisis and rebellion that gripped Castile death of Isabella in 1504, the Mendoza family was forced to choose between their traditional political support for the Trastámara dynasty, whose last representative was Ferdinand, who had cemented the family's success in the past and set the new policy, or to support the new dynasty of Burgundy. The third Duke of the Infantry, the nominal head of Mendozas, and the constable, who actually ran the affairs of the family, favored the Burgundy. Tendilla preferred to keep the tradition. While Castile was under Trastámara government, its policy was successful, when it became clear that the dynasty would die out in Castile, the position taken by Tendilla proved detrimental to its political and material prosperity, preventing the family act together and weakening Mendoza efficiency of the whole ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Mendoza.)
Martín de Goiti (c. 1534 – 1575) fue uno de los soldados que acompañó la colonización española de las Indias Orientales y el Pacífico en 1565. Desde su base en la Ciudad de México, lideró la expedición a Manila ordenada por Miguel López de Legazpi en 1569. Luego participó en batallas contra Rajah Sulayman , Rajah Matanda y Lakandula de los reinos de Luzón para colonizar la tierra.

Los españoles llegaron a Luzón el 8 de mayo de 1570 y acamparon en las costas de la bahía de Manila durante varias semanas, mientras formaban una alianza con los musulmanes. El 24 de mayo de 1570 estallaron las disputas y la hostilidad entre los dos grupos. Los españoles ocuparon la ciudad de Tondo donde fueron recibidos por miles de guerreros. Allí, derrotaron a la mayoría de la gente de Tariq Suleiman , Rajah Matanda y Lakan Dula . Los españoles marcharon con sus ejércitos hacia el río Pasig , ocuparon los asentamientos de Manila el 6 de junio de 1570 y los quemaron.

La guerra de guerrillas estalló después de la batalla, que continuó durante unos diez meses. Los españoles se fortificaron en la zona y construyeron sus cuarteles militares en el Fuerte Santiago , que se convirtió en su puesto de avanzada para el comercio con México . Los españoles tomaron el control de los asentamientos el 24 de junio de 1571, tras la llegada de Miguel López de Legazpi a Manila, quien acordó un acuerdo de paz sellado al desposar a una de sus hijas mestizas (mitad azteca y mitad española) con Batang Dula. , heredero aparente de Lakan Dula. Finalmente, sus descendientes unificaron las 3 casas reales de Tariq Suleiman, Rajah Matanda y Lakan Dula con la familia mitad azteca y mitad española de Goiti. La familia Dula y Goiti se casó con los Mendoza familia que eran católicos hebreos sefardíes y con motivo de la dinastía, cambió el apellido a Dulay. Sin embargo, al comienzo de las persecuciones, los descendientes de la familia Dulay cambiaron aún más sus apellidos y, por lo tanto, tenemos las familias Salonga y Macapagal que son descendientes conocidos de estas casas reales pero subsisten bajo un apellido diferente.

La colonización española allanó el camino para el establecimiento de Manila como asentamiento permanente y ciudad capital de las Indias Orientales españolas . Más tarde exploró Pampanga , Pangasinan y fundó varias ciudades españolas en Luzón entre los períodos de 1571 -1573. De Goiti, junto con otros soldados, recibieron haciendas (estados) por las tierras que habían conquistado, por Felipe II de España .

En 1574, De Goiti luchó en la guerra durante la invasión de unos 3.000 piratas marítimos chinos que habían navegado desde el mar de China Meridional. Su líder, Limahong , sitió los asentamientos españoles en Manila. De Goiti fue asesinado por estos piratas. La mayoría de los refuerzos españoles procedían de Vigan y Cebu . El segundo al mando de Martín de Goiti, Juan de Salcedo abandonó Ilocos Sur , tras conocer la noticia y viajó a Manila donde descubrió que sus asentamientos habían sido cedidos a los piratas. Las fuerzas de Salcedo atacaron y expulsaron a los piratas de Manila. Limahong y sus flotas se retiraron a Pangasinan donde reorganizaron sus fuerzas.

En 1575, el ejército de Salcedo marchó al norte de Pangasinan, en persecución de los piratas, y los sitió durante tres meses. (https://hmn.wiki/es/Martin_de_Goiti)

Romualdez and Dula of the Lakanate of Tondo were in the Sumuroy Revolt. Daniel Zialcita Romualdez (September 11, 1907 – March 22, 1965) was a Filipino politician who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1957 to 1962. Daniel "Danieling" Romualdez was born in Tolosa, Leyte. His father, Miguel, once served as an assemblyman for Leyte and mayor of the city of Manila. His great-grandfather was involved in the Sumuroy Revolt but narrowly escaped Spanish execution when he was allowed by David Dulay to visit his ailing mother. Dulay and his seven trusted men were later executed in Palapag, Northern Samar and were buried in unmarked graves without Roman Catholic rites. Superstitions existed that a Romualdez was to die that day in Palapag. More than fifty years later, Philippine Supreme Court Associate Justice Norberto Romuáldez, Danieling's famous uncle and the man who made their surname distinguished in society, would suddenly die of a heart attack in Palapag, hometown of his second wife Beatriz, daughter of the parish priest Fray Salustiano Buz, who insisted on campaigning at the grassroots level for the Philippine Senate elections when he was almost guaranteed to win on account of his nationwide reputation. Source: https://ipfs.io › ipfs › wiki › Daniel_Romualdez . Retrieved August 10, 2019
Today , the Romualdez and Dulay Mendoza Clans  are the dominant political clans of Eastern Visayas. The Romualdez Marcos Clan controls the province of Leyte, and the Dulay Mendoza Ongchuan Clan controls the Province of Northern Samar.  The Dulay Mendoza Ongchuan Clan  have produced 4 governors of the province, several congressmen and Mayors. At present, the Governor of Northern Samar is Harris Mendoza Ongchuan (son of former Governor Madeiline Mendoza Ong), his cousin is the Congressman and is wife is the Mayor of Laoang Town (ancient name: Lawan). The Dulay Mendoza of the province of Northern Samar and the Macapagal of Pampanga both came from the lineage of Lakan Dula through his  eldest son Batang  Dula. At present, the Macapagal controls only one district of Pampanga but the Dulay Mendoza Ongchuan controls the whole province of Northern Samar  making the province the strongest fortress of the descendants of Lakan Dula in Philippines.