Ibsen, Henrik

Henrik Ibsen, norsk dramatiker og digter

Født: 20. marts 1828

Gift: 1857 Suzannah Thoresen - 1 barn Sigurd Ibsen

Død: 23. maj 1906

Han regnes som en af hovedforfatterne i Det Moderne Gennembrud, en af de vigtigste forfattere i anden halvdel af det 19. århundredeog og en af de vigtigste dramatikere i den europæiske teaterhistorie.

Henrik Ibsen blev født i Skien som den ældste i en søskendeflok på fem. Hans forældre var købmænd Knud Ibsen og Marichen Ibsen (f. Altenburg).

Frem til sit syvende år levede han i en lykkelig, velstående og kunstinteresseret familie. Men i 1835 gik faren konkurs med sin forretning, hvilket kom til at præge opvæksten. Familiens hus og mange af deres ejendele blev auktioneret bort. Familiens velstand blev vendt til fattigdom, og de flyttede til en mindre gård,

15 år gammel forlod Henrik Ibsen familien for at gå i apotekerlære. Han aflagde i 1847 prøve som apoteksmedhjælper. Ved siden af apoteksarbejdet fandt han også tid til at skrive I 1849 skrev han tragedien Catilina. Finansieret af hans to gode venner Catilina udgivet under pseudonymet Brynjolf Bjarme, men stykket solgte næsten ikke, og restoplaget blev solgt som indpakningspapir.

I 1846 fødte vaskekonen Else Sophie Birkedalen et barn som hun gav navnet Hans Jacob Henriksen, opkaldt efter Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen, som var ti år yngre end Else Sophie, vedkendte sig faderskabet, men han fik aldrig senere have noget med sønnen at gøre, bortset fra at han betalte bidrag frem til knægten var 14 år.

1. april 1864 forlod Ibsen Norge og mødte sin hustru og søn, som havde tilbragt vinteren hos hendes stedmoder i København, og rejste videre alene for at bosætte sig i Rom. Samme høst kom hans lille famillie efter til Rom, og dermed startede en periode på 27 års udlændighed.

Under det første Rom-ophold skrev han de store idédramaer Brand og Peer Gynt. Brand blev hans første succes på det nordiske bogmarked.

Med de realistiske samtidsdramaer Samfundets støtter (1877), Et dukkehjem (1879), Gengangere (1881) og En folkefiende (1882) opfyldte Ibsen den indflydelsesrige danske kritiker Georg Brandes' krav om at sætte problemer under debat.

Et dukkehjem blev det internationale gennembrud for Ibsen. Det fik enorm betydning for kvindesagskampen overalt i verden og er sandsynligvis verdens mest spillede drama i moderne tid.

Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian playwright and poet

Born: 20 March 1828

Married: 1857 Suzannah Thoresen - 1 child Sigurd Ibsen

Died: 23 May 1906

He is considered one of the main authors of the Modern Breakthrough, one of the most important writers of the second half of the 19th century and one of the most important playwrights in the history of European theatre.

Henrik Ibsen was born in Skien, the eldest of five siblings. His parents were merchants Knud Ibsen and Marichen Ibsen (née Altenburg).

Until the age of seven he lived in a happy, prosperous family with an interest in art. But in 1835 his father went bankrupt with his business, which was to influence his upbringing. The family house and many of their possessions were auctioned off. The family's prosperity turned to poverty, and they moved to a smaller farm,

At the age of 15, Henrik Ibsen left the family to train as a pharmacist. In 1847, he passed his examination as an apothecary's assistant. Alongside his work as a pharmacist, he also found time to write the tragedy Catilina in 1849. Financed by his two good friends, Catilina was published under the pseudonym Brynjolf Bjarme, but the play hardly sold, and the remainder was sold as wrapping paper.

In 1846 the laundress Else Sophie Birkedalen gave birth to a child whom she named Hans Jacob Henriksen, after Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen, who was ten years younger than Else Sophie, acknowledged paternity, but he never later had anything to do with the son, except that he paid contributions until the boy was 14.

On 1 April 1864, Ibsen left Norway to meet his wife and son, who had spent the winter with her stepmother in Copenhagen, and travelled on alone to settle in Rome. The same autumn his small family followed to Rome, thus beginning a period of 27 years of expatriation.

During his first stay in Rome he wrote the great dramas Brand and Peer Gynt. Fire was his first success on the Nordic book market.

With the realistic contemporary dramas The Supporters of Society (1877), A Doll's House (1879), Gengangere (1881) and Enemy of the People (1882), Ibsen fulfilled the demand of the influential Danish critic Georg Brandes to put problems under discussion.

A Doll's House was Ibsen's international breakthrough. It had an enormous impact on the struggle for women's rights throughout the world and is probably the world's most performed drama in modern times.

Biografi i relation til Sæby

Inspiration til Fruen fra Havet

Henrik Ibsen kom til Sæby i 1887 og sad og kiggede ud over havet, hvilket inspirerede ham til skuespillet ’Fruen fra Havet’, som handler om kvindens ret til at vælge af egen fri vilje.

Ibsen kan være inspireret af en lokal tragedie fire år tidligere, som Georg Brandes fortalte Ibsen om.

Forfatteren Adda Ravnkilde var meget optaget af kvindesagen og kvindens søgen efter social og seksuel identitet, men begik selvmord som 21-årig. Hun fik udgivet tre romaner posthumt, og på den gamle herredsfogedbolig i Algade nummer syv, hvor hun skrev romanen ’Judith Fürste’, er der opsat en mindeplade.

Sygdom og død

I 1891 flyttede Ibsen tilbage til Kristiania, hvor han og hustruen Suzannah boede til deres død hhv. i 1906 og 1914. Ibsen sidste hjem er i dag museum, Ibsenmuseet.

I 1900 fik Ibsen sit første slagtilfælde. Han døde i 1906 efter flere år med dårligt helbred.

Lokationer i Sæby

• Fruen fra Havet

Biography in relation to Sæby

Inspiration for The Lady of the Sea

Henrik Ibsen came to Sæby in 1887 and sat looking out over the sea, which inspired him to write the play 'The Lady from the Sea', about a woman's right to choose of her own free will.

Ibsen may have been inspired by a local tragedy four years earlier, which Georg Brandes told Ibsen about.

The author Adda Ravnkilde was very concerned with the woman's cause and the woman's search for social and sexual identity, but committed suicide at the age of 21. She had three novels published posthumously, and a memorial plaque has been erected at the old bailiff's house at number seven Algade, where she wrote the novel 'Judith Fürste'.

Illness and death

In 1891 Ibsen moved back to Kristiania, where he and his wife Suzannah lived until their deaths in 1906 and 1914 respectively. Ibsen's last home is now a museum, the Ibsen Museum.

In 1900 Ibsen suffered his first stroke. He died in 1906 after several years of ill health.

Locations in Sæby

• The Lady from the Sea