Post date: Sep 21, 2012 10:30:00 PM
- Hardin, Garrett. 1968 “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science 162: [13 December 1968] 1243-1248.
- Hardin, Garrett., and John Baden (eds.). 1977 Managing the Commons. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company.
- Hardin, Garrett. 1988 “Commons Failing,” New Scientist 120(1635) [22 October 1988]: 76.
- Hardin, Garrett. 1994 “The Tragedy of the Unmanaged Commons,” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 9(5): 199.
- Hardin, Garrett. 1998 “Extensions of “The Tragedy of the Commons”,” Science 280 [1 May 1998]: 682-683.
G. Hardin (1988) revised his idea :
The title of my paper [Science 1968] should have been, “The tragedy of the unmanaged commons”. A brief, but I think adequate, summary of the thesis would be the following: “Under conditions of scarcity, where the number of players is not small, an unmanaged commons inevitably ends in ruin.”
Relevant short notes: