A gene determines a particular trait by encoding for a specific polypeptide in a given organism
Because the genetic code is (almost) universal, an organism can potentially express a new trait if the appropriate gene is introduced into its genome
The transfer of genes between species is called gene modification, and the new organism created is called a transgenic
The process of gene transfer can be summarised in four key steps:
Step 1: Isolating gene and vector
Step 2: Digestion with Restriction Enzymes
Step 3: Ligation of Vector and Insert
Step 4: Selection and Expression