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12.4.1.1 explain the main mechanism of antigen-antibody reactions
Structure and composition of antibodies. Antibody specificity (paratope, idiotope). The mechanism of interaction between antigen and antibody.
pg 222-233
pg 222-233
12.4.1.2 compare competitive and non-competitive inhibition of enzymes
Competitive and non-competitive inhibition of enzymes. Regulation of enzyme activity. Effects of medical drugs and heavy metal ions on enzyme activity.
12.4.1.3 create a model of competitive inhibition
’Study of the effect of activators and inhibition on amylase activity’
12.4.1.4 discuss the possibility of using enzymes in medicine, chemistry, industry
The use of enzymes in medicine, chemistry, in the food industry.
Immobilization of enzymes. Enzymes of microorganisms.
pg 54-65
pg 54-65
pg 118-123
pg 118-123
12.4.1.5 explain how information about the structure of a protein in a DNA molecule is encoded
Coding of a polypeptide in a gene by a sequence of nucleotides.
12.4.1.6 explain the processes of transcription and modification of mRNA
Transcription. Promoter, transcripton, termination site. Transcription factors. RNA-polymerase I, RNA-polymerase II, RNA-polymerase III. Stages of transcription (initiation, elongation, termination). Processing modification of 5'-end and 3'-end. Posttranscriptional modification of pre-м ribonucleic acid (splicing).
12.4.1.7 explain the process of protein synthesis
Ribosome centers (mRNA binding site, peptidyl, aminoacyl and peptidyl transferase sites). Stages of translation: initiation, elongation, termination. Translocation is a cycle of the ribosome.
12.4.1.8 explain the effect of digestive enzymes on the substrate under optimal conditions
The action of enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. Effect of exopeptidases and endopeptidases on polypeptides. Cleavage of carbohydrates (starch) under the action of amylase and maltase to glucose. Effect of lipase on lipids. The conditions necessary for the activation of enzymes (pepsinogen, trypsinogen, enterokinase).
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