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12.4.3.6 describe the methods of micro-clonal propagation of plants
Advantages of microclonal reproduction before traditional methods of plant propagation. Activation of the development of existing in the plant meristems. Induction of the emergence of adventitious kidneys by explant tissues.
12.4.3.7 to explain how monoclonal antibodies are produced
Monoclonal antibodies. Methods of obtaining cellular hybridomas.
12.4.3.9 explain the importance of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Areas of application of monoclonal antibodies. Diagnostics of oncological diseases. Agglutination and immunofluorescence reactions. Radioimmunoassay.
12.4.3.8 to discuss ethical issues and legal regulation of research in biotechnology
Social and ethical aspects of the use of genetic testing and gene therapy in medicine (genetic diseases for which there is and for which no treatment exists, as well as in vitro fertilization, embryo biopsy and selection, therapeutic abortions).
12.4.3.10 to explain ways of obtaining recombinant DNA
The use of prokaryotes for the production of recombinant DNA. Structure of plasmids.
12.4.3.11 to explain the mechanism of cloning the body
(D) ‘Separation of DNA molecule in agarose gel’
12.4.3.12 to compare the features of cloning plants and animals
Features of cloning plants and animals. Cloning results in animal husbandry and horticulture. Risks in cloning animals and plants.
12.4.3.13 to discuss human cloning from the ethical point of view
Ethical moral and legal issues of human cloning. Technological difficulties of human cloning. Social ethical and religious aspects. Biological safety of species.
Artificial and natural cloning. The role of mitosis in cloning.
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