United Kingdom

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  • Boaz, Thomas. Guns for Cotton: England Arms the Confederacy. Shippensburg: Burd Street Press, 1996.
  • Bock, Carl H. Prelude to Tragedy: The Negotiation and Breakdown of the Tripartite Convention of London, October 31, 1861. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966.
  • Bourne, Kenneth. Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 1815–1908. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
  • Bourne, Kenneth, and Donald Cameron Watt, eds. British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print. Frederick: University Publications of America, 1986.
  • Brauer, Kinley J. “British Mediation and the American Civil War: A Reconsideration.” The Journal of Southern History 38, no. 1 (February 1972): 49–64.
  • Brogan, Hugh, ed. The Times Reports the American Civil War: Extracts from “The Times,” 1860–1865. London: Times Books, 1975.
  • Campbell, Duncan Andrew. English Public Opinion and the American Civil War. Woodbridge: Royal Historical Society, 2003.
  • Carroll, Francis M. “The American Civil War and British Intervention: The Threat of Anglo-American Conflict.” Canadian Journal of History 47, no. 1 (April 2012): 87–115.
  • Darwin, John. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  • Drescher, Seymour. Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  • ———. Capitalism and Antislavery: British Mobilization in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
  • ———. The Mighty Experiment: Free Labor Versus Slavery in British Emancipation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • Dubrulle, Hugh. “‘We Are Threatened with...Anarchy and Ruin’: Fear of Americanization and the Emergence of an Anglo-Saxon Confederacy in England during the American Civil War.” Albion 33, no. 4 (December 2001): 583–613.
  • Ellison, Mary. Support for Secession: Lancashire and the American Civil War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
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  • Heuman, Gad J. The Killing Time: The Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1994.
  • Hussey, John. Cruisers, Cotton and Confederates: Liverpool Waterfront in the Days of the Confederacy. Birkenhead: Countyvise, 2008.
  • Huzzey, Richard. Freedom Burning: Anti-Slavery and Empire in Victorian Britain. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012.
  • Jenkins, Brian. Britain and the War for the Union. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1974.
  • Jones, Howard. Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999.
  • ———. Blue & Gray Diplomacy: A History of Union and Confederate Foreign Relations. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.
  • ———. Union in Peril: The Crisis Over British Intervention in the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
  • Lester, Richard I. Confederate Finance and Purchasing in Great Britain. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1975.
  • Lorimer, Douglas. “The Role of Anti-Slavery Sentiment in English Reactions to the American Civil War.” Historical Journal 19 (1976): 405–20.
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  • Merli, Frank J. Great Britain and the Confederate Navy, 1861-1865. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970.
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  • Milne, Graeme J. Trade and Traders in Mid-Victorian Liverpool: Mercantile Business and the Making of a World Port. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000.
  • Murray, David. Odious Commerce: Britain, Spain and the Abolition of the Cuban Slave Trade. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Myers, Phillip E. Caution and Cooperation: The American Civil War in British-American Relations. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2008.
  • Pelzer, John D. “Liverpool and the American Civil War.” History Today 40 (1990): 46–52.
  • Ridley, Jasper Godwin. Lord Palmerston. New York: Dutton, 1971.
  • Robbins, Keith. John Bright. London: Routledge, 1979.
  • Robertson, William Spence. “The Tripartite Treaty of London.” Hispanic American Historical Review 20, no. 2 (May 1940): 167–89.
  • Sexton, Jay. Debtor Diplomacy: Finance and American Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era, 1837-1873. Oxford: Clarendon, 2005.
  • Steele, E. D. Palmerston and Liberalism, 1855-1865. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  • Torrente, Mariano. Política Ultramarina, Que Abraza Todos Los Puntos Referentes Á Las Relaciones de España Con Los Estados Unidos, Con La Inglaterra Y Las Antillas, Y Señaladamente Con La Isla de Santo Domingo. Madrid: D. A. Avrial, 1854.
  • Vanauken, Sheldon. The Glittering Illusion: English Sympathy for the Southern Confederacy. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1989.
  • Warren, Gordon H. Fountain of Discontent: The Trent Affair and Freedom of the Seas. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1981.