Military

  • Autrey Dabbs, Jack. The French Army in Mexico, 1861–1867: A Study in Military Government. The Hague: Mouton, 1963.
  • Avenel, Jean-David. La Campagne Du Mexique (1862-1867): La Fin de L’hégémonie Européenne En Amérique Du Nord. Paris: Económica, 1996.
  • Bonner, Robert E. “Proslavery Extremism Goes to War: The Counterrevolutionary Confederacy and Reactionary Militarism.” Modern Intellectual History 6, no. 2 (2009): 261–85.
  • Bulnes, Francisco. Juárez Y Las Revoluciones de Ayutla Y Reforma. Mexico City: Murguía, 1906.
  • Burnett, Lonnie Alexander, ed. Henry Hotze, Confederate Propagandist: Selected Writings on Revolution, Recognition, and Race. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2008.
  • Capdevila, Luc. Una Guerra Total, Paraguay 1864-1870: Ensayo de Historia Del Tiempo Presente. Asunción: Centro de Estudios Antropológicos de la Universidad Católica, 2010.
  • Davis, William Columbus. The Last Conquistadores: The Spanish Intervention in Peru and Chile, 1863–1866. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1950.
  • Doratioto, Francisco. Maldita Guerra: Nova História Da Guerra Do Paraguai. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002.
  • Fleche, Andre M. The Revolution of 1861: The American Civil War in the Age of Nationalist Conflict. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
  • Förster, Stig, and Jörg Nagler. On the Road to Total War: The American Civil War and the German Wars of Unification, 1861-1871. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  • Frazer, Robert W. “Latin-American Projects to Aid Mexico During the French Intervention.” Hispanic American Historical Review 28, no. 3 (1948): 377–88.
  • Geyer, Michael, and Charles Bright. “Global Violence and Nationalizing Wars in Eurasia and America: The Geo-Politics of War in the Mid-Nineteenth Century.” Comparative Studies in History and Society 38, no. 4 (October 1996): 619–57.
  • Gouttman, Alain. La Guerre Du Mexique, 1862-1867: Le Mirage Américain de Napoléon III. Paris: Perrin, 2008.
  • Greenberg, Amy S. A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012.
  • Hall, Frederic. Invasion of Mexico by the French: And the Reign of Maximilian I., with a Sketch of the Empress Carlota. New York: J. Miller, 1868.
  • Hanna, Kathryn Abbey. “The Roles of the South in the French Intervention in Mexico.” Journal of Southern History 20 (February 1954): 3–21.
  • Irurozqui, Marta, and Mirian Galante, eds. Sangre de Ley: Justicia Y Violencia En La Institucionalización Del Estado En América Latina, Siglo XIX. Madrid: Polifemo, 2011.
  • Jones, Howard. Union in Peril: The Crisis Over British Intervention in the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
  • Kraay, Hendrik, and Thomas Whigham. I Die With My Country: Perspectives on the Paraguayan War, 1864-1870. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
  • La Intervención Francesa En La Revista Historia Mexicana. Mexico City: El Colegio de México, 2012.
  • LaFeber, Walter. The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860-1898. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.
  • Langley, Lester D. Struggle for the American Mediterranean: United States-European Rivalry in the Gulf-Caribbean, 1776-1904. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1976.
  • Mahin, Dean B. One War at a Time: The International Dimensions of the American Civil War. Washington, D.C: Brassey’s, 1999.
  • Malamud, Carlos, Carlos Dardé, and Luis Garrido Muro, eds. Violencia Y Legitimidad: Política Y Revoluciones En España Y América Latina, 1840-1910. Santander: Universidad de Cantabria, 2004.
  • Marco, Miguel Angel de. La Guerra Del Paraguay. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1995.
  • May, Robert E. Manifest Destiny’s Underworld: Filibustering in Antebellum America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
  • ———. Slavery, Race, and Conquest in the Tropics: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Future of Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • ———. The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire, 1854-1861. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002.
  • Merli, Frank J. Great Britain and the Confederate Navy, 1861-1865. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970.
  • Merli, Frank J., and David M. Fahey. The Alabama, British Neutrality, and the American Civil War. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
  • Miller, Robert Ryal. “Arms Across the Border: United States Aid to Juarez During the French Intervention in Mexico.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 63, no. 6 (December 1973): 4–61.
  • Moreno, Oscar, ed. La Construcción de La Nación Argentina, El Rol de Las Fuerzas Armadas: Debates Históricos En El Marco Del Bicentenario, 1810-2010. República Argentina: Ministerio de Defensa, Presidencia de la Nación, 2010.
  • Nevins, Allan. The War for the Union. New York: Scribner, 1959.
  • Paolino, Ernest N. The Foundations of the American Empire: William Henry Seward and U.S. Foreign Policy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1973.
  • Phelan, John Ledding. “Pan–Latinism, French Intervention in Mexico (1861–1867) and the Genesis of the Idea of Latin America.” In Conciencia Y Autenticidad Históricas, edited by Juan Antonio Ortega y Medina, 279–98. México: UNAM, 1968.
  • Pomer, León. Cinco Años de Guerra Civil En La Argentina (1865-1870). Buenos Aires: Amorrortu Editores, 1985.
  • Reina, Leticia. Las Rebeliones Campesinas En México, 1819-1906. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno, 1086.
  • Sabato, Hilda, and Alberto Rodolfo Lettieri, eds. La Vida Política En La Argentina Del Siglo XIX: Armas, Votos Y Voces. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2003.
  • Sainlaude, Stève. Le Gouvernement Impérial et La Guerre de Sécession (1861-1865): L’action Diplomatique. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2011.
  • Schefer, Christian. La Grande Pensée de Napoléon III: Les Origines de L’expédition Du Mexique (1858-1862). Paris: Marcel Rivière et Cie, 1939.
  • Schoonover, Thomas David. The United States in Central America, 1860-1911: Episodes of Social Imperialism and Imperial Rivalry in the World System. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991.
  • Spencer, Warren F. The Confederate Navy in Europe. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1983.
  • Stern, Philip Van Doren. When the Guns Roared: World Aspects of the American Civil War. New York: Doubleday, 1965.
  • Witt, John Fabian. Lincoln’s Code: The Laws of War in American History. New York: Free Press, 2012.