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What is Climate Change?

Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth's local, regional and global climates. Scientists use observations from the ground, air and space to monitor and study past, present and future climate change.

How We Contribute...

Human activity is warming the planet.

Since the use of coal, oil and gas became widespread after 1750, humans have added about 2,040 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, where it can linger for thousands of years. Although burning fossil fuels is the main contributor to warming, deforestation and cement production largely contribute as well.

It’s Not Just Humans

Many natural factors affecting climate, such as volcanic eruptions and changes in solar energy, are well understood. But they can’t account for the warming we see today.

However, most natural factors actually don’t affect the warming of our Earth. Things such as orbital changes and solar activity barely affect the Earth’s temperature, if not at all.

The Effects

Climate change has many effects on the Earth. It even affects our day-to-day lives. Some consequences of climate change are visible now, and more are developing over time and as warming increases.

One effect of climate change is the rising sea levels. “Globally, average sea level rose 21 centimeters (8.2 inches) between 1880 and 2009.” When water warms, it takes up more space, causing oceans to expand. In addition, glaciers are melting, putting even more water into the ocean. Polar caps are rapidly melting as well, diminishing the habits of many species of wildlife.

Climate change causes heat waves too. “Heat waves like the one in Europe in 2003, responsible for as many as 70,000 deaths, were rare during the last century.” Now, heat waves are becoming more and more common throughout the world.

Preventing Climate Change

Preventing climate change can be as simple as choosing to ride public transportation or riding a bike to school or work instead of driving. “The most dire consequences of climate change are not inevitable. Society can make choices now that reduce the chances of catastrophe in the future. Cutting CO2 emissions lessens the likelihood of some of the gravest potential consequences.” We are already doing this, as well as preparing infrastructure for the sea-level rise and extreme heat. A worldwide shift to renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy could very well limit the risk posed by climate change.

Sources:

How Climate Works - Hall of Planet Earth | AMNH

What Causes Climate and Climate Change | AMNH

Our Warming World | AMNH

Consequences of Warming | AMNH