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Present Perfect Tense
Сегашно перфектно време
Сегашно перфектно време Present Perfect Tense се използва, за да даде връзката между миналото и настоящето.
То се употребява:
1. За да изрази действие, започнало в миналото, което продължава все още в настоящето (с глаголи, които не се употребяват в продължително време - be, know, have, remember, understand, believe, love, like, see, hear, както и с глаголите живея live и уча study). Използва се с наречията since и for.
I have been here since last week.
(действие, започнало в миналото, което продължава все още в настоящето)
Внимание!
Изреченията се превеждат в сегашно време на български език.
Сравнете!
I know him. – Аз го познавам.
I have known him for 1 year/since last year/since we were children. - Аз го познавам от 1 година/от миналата година/откакто бяхме деца.
For – дава целия период и не трябва да смятаме
Since – началото на периода
How long? От кога? От колко време?
How long have you known him? – От колко време го познаваш?
2. За да изрази действие, което се е случило някога, или наскоро. Използва се с наречията: вече already, все още yet, напоследък recently, наскоро lately, току-що just, никога never, някога ever
He’s been married twice.
(действие, което се е случило някога)
He’s just been to the States.
(наскоро приключило действие)
3. За да изрази действие, което е приключило в миналото, но има отношение към настоящето. Тази връзка най-често е резултатът, който е на лице в настоящето.
Tony can’t walk now. He has broken his leg. (действие в миналото, резултат в настоящето)
4. Употребява се с наречия за време и обстоятеклствени фрази като: днес today, тази седмица this week, тези дни these days, т.е. когато действието е приключило, но все още се намираме в настоящия период.
I haven’t seen him today.
We have been to the cinema twice this month. (действието е приключило, но все още се намираме в настоящето)
5. За да съобщим, или попитаме за нова информация, или да акцентираме върху наскоро приключило действие.
Susan has had a baby!
(фокусира върху нова информация)
Have you seen the new colleague?
Образуване
Внимание!
Използваме третата форма на неправилните глаголи!
I have worked. I haven’t worked.
Have you worked? Haven’t you worked?
He has slept. He hasn’t slept.
Has he slept? Hasn’t he slept?
Exercise 1.
Задайте въпроси като поставите глагола в третата му форма. Отговорете за себе си.
be, eat, find, fly, meet, ride, take
Пример: Have you ever……….been on television? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
________ a horse? _______________.
________ Indian food? _______________.
________ a famous person? _______________.
________ in a helicopter? _______________.
________ money in the street? _____________.
________ a package tour? ______________.
Exercise 2.
Използвайте думите, за да зададете въпрос в Present Perfect.
How long/ you/ be/ out of school?
Where/ you/ travel/ to?
How many people/ she/ invite?
Who/ be/ to China?
Why/ you/ choose/ this book?
How long/ Larry/ live/ there?
What/ you/ prepare/ for lunch?
How many cities/ you/ visit/ this year?
Exercise 3.
Поставете since или for. Измислете изречения.
1. _____________ three days
2. _____________ three o'clock
3. _____________ a long time
4. _____________ a moment
5. _____________ last month
6. _____________ a month
7. _____________ he was a boy
8. _____________ 2007
Exercise 4.
Поставете since или for.
They’ve lived there………as long as I can remember.
I’ve wanted to live in Brazil……I was a kid.
She’s seen many different specialists…………the illness started.
She hasn’t had a cough………..she was a child.
She’s had high blood pressure……….the last few days.
She’s lost a lot of weight…………the beginning of the year.
She’s felt exhausted………..a week or two.
Her back has been painful…………….about ten days.
She’s taken five days off work…………….the problems began.
She hasn’t taken antibiotics……a long time.
Exercise 5.
Complete the conversation between a businessman and a secretary. Use Present Perfect Tense.
secretary: Can I help you sir?
man: Yes. My name is Nelson. I arrived here an hour ago to see the manager. It’s now two o’clock and I (still/not/see)________him!
secretary: I’ll give him a ring. Would you like a cup of coffee while you are waiting?
man: I (already/have)_______________two cups.
Five minutes later
secretary: I (just/speak)____________to the manager.
man: Good.
secretary: He says he’ll see you at two thirty.
man: Two thirty!
secretary: The manager (not/finish)_____________his lunch yet.
man: Oh, really!
secretary: (you/have)________________your lunch yet, Mr Nelson?
man: No, I (have)______________.
secretary: Well, why don’t you go and have a sandwich and come back a bit later?
man: No, thank you. I am leaving. Let me tell you, I (never/meet)___________such an inefficient organization in all my life!
Exercise 6.
Match the action with its consequence.
1.Tom has had his hair cut so short,…
2.The bus timetable has changed.
3.The neighbours have gone on holiday.
4.Mr Smith has lost his wallet.
5.Tina has just washed her hair.
6.Helen hasn’t phoned Tim this week.
7.The plumber has been around.
8.Lisa has run out of butter.
9.Mary has lost seven kilos so far.
10.Tom has grown a moustache.
a)Lisa has to feed their cat.
b)He thinks she is cross with him.
c)his ears stick out.
d)The bathroom is a mess.
e)He has to block his credit cards.
f)Lilly has to leave the house earlier.
g)It’s really shiny.
h)Her old jeans fit her again.
i)She has to buy some.
j)He looks older than 17.
Exercise 7.
Translate into Bulgarian.
´1. We have invited Frank for dinner.
´2. He has taught English in a lot of schools.
´3. She hasn’t given me back my pen.
´4. Have they moved into their new house yet?
´5. I have lost my expensive camera.
´6. Have you seen it anywhere?
´7. Have you ever eaten snails?
´8. My mum has made a delicious cake.
´9. Has Mary gone to the shop?
´10. It’s the best story we have ever read.
´11. Hasn’t the baby drunk his milk yet?
´12. I have already been to the USA twice.
Exercise 8.
Translate into English.
´1. Все още не съм направила кафето.
´2. Обади ли се на Том?
´3. Вече вечеряхме.
´4. Ана е спечелила много пари!
´5. Той поправил ли е колелото?
´6. Те току що са си купили нова картина.
´7. Решили сме да направим голямо парти.
´8. Чела съм тази книга преди.
´9. Тя не е изчистила къщата все още.
´10. Чу ли новината?
´11. Те никога не са били в Германия.
´12. Той не ти ли се обади вече?
Present Simple vs. Present Perfect
Внимание!
Когато на български език казваме откога правим нещо или откога се случва нещо, на английски използваме Present Perfect.
Exercise 9.
Направете положителни, отрицателни и въпросителни изречения с дадения глагол в Present Simple или Present Perfect.
Be - was/were - been - съм
He……….ill.
He……….ill for a week.
He (not)………..ill.
…..you ill?
……you………..ill for two days now?
I ………ill.
I …………..ill since Monday.
They (not)………..ill.
They…..never……….so ill before.
You (not)…………so ill since you were a child.
…….she……..ill for a week?
…..she ill?
He (not)………..ill for years.
You (not)…….ill. Don’t worry!
Exercise 10.
Направете положителни, отрицателни и въпросителни изречения с дадения глагол в Present Simple или Present Perfect.
Know - knew - known - знам, познавам
…..you……him?
How long…..she……him?
I (not)………..her.
I ………them for years.
He……….me since we were in London.
She……you.
How long …….you…..them?
Who…..you ………here?
What…..he…….about me?
You…..her.
She (not)……….you.
I (not)………them for a long time.
……she………him since school?
…..she…..me?
Exercise 11.
Направете положителни, отрицателни и въпросителни изречения с дадения глагол в Present Simple или Present Perfect.
Ask - asked - питам, моля
They always……..questions.
What…….she…..you to do?
I…….already…..them.
She (not)……….usually……….for help.
……you….him yet?
We (not)…………..questions.
Why….you….so many questions?
What…you….him?
She….never…….me for anything.
He (not)…………me before.
……you often…….for help?
…..he………you to help him yet?
……….she often………questions?
We (not)……….them yet.
Exercise 12.
Направете положителни, отрицателни и въпросителни изречения с дадения глагол в Present Simple или Present Perfect.
Feel - felt - felt - чувствам
I ………good.
I….never………..so good before!
……she………good?
……….you ever………..so good?
How….you……..?
How….he……recently?
They (not)………good.
He…….already……….good.
How…..you………lately?
She (not)………….good.
He………..bad.
……….they………bad?
She (not)…………..bad for days.
They (not)…………..the change yet.
Why…..she……….so bad?
…..he ever………so bad in his life?
Have been vs. Have gone
Използваме ‘have/has been’, когато някой е ходил някъде и се е върнал.
A: Where have you been? - Къде беше?
B: I’ve just been out to the supermarket. - Ходих/Бях до супермаркета.
A: Have you ever been to San Francisco? - Някога бил ли си/ходил ли си в Сан Франциско?
B: No, but I’ve been to Los Angeles. - Не, но съм бил/ходил съм в Лос Анджелис.
Използваме 'have/has gone', когато някой е отишъл някъде и все още не се е върнал (още е там).
A: Where is Maria? I haven’t seen her for weeks. - Къде е Мария? Не съм я виждал от седмици.
B: She's gone to Paris for a week. She’ll be back tomorrow. - Отиде в Париж за една седмица. Утре се връща.
Exercise 13.
Поставете have/has gone (to); have/has been (to) в изреченията.
Is Patrick here? No he…..out, but he’ll be back soon.
David speaks Spanish very well. That’s because he …Spain many times.
…you ever…mountain climbing? Yes, I have. I went two years ago.
Where are the children? They aren’t here. They …their friends’ house.
…you ever….Rome? No I haven’t. but my sister …just…there. She’ll be back next week.
Where do you want to go today? Let’s go to the zoo. We…not….there for a long time.
Exercise 14.
Преведете на английски.
Здравей, Емма. Знаеш ли къде са Клеър и Алекс?
Да, отидоха до Рим за уикенда.
Наистина? Блазе им! Обичам Рим. Ходила ли си някога там?
Не, но съм ходила във Флоренция и Венеция. А ти?
Да. Но харесвам Рим повече. Хей, и брат ти го няма, нали? Къде отиде?
В Испания по работа и аз наистина му завиждам, защото никога не съм била в Испания.
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