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Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Броими и неброими съществителни
Съществителните в английския език се делят на броими и неброими. Броими са тези, които могат да се преброят, т.е. имат единствено и множествено число. Те могат да означават:
- отделни предмети и лица:
student table
students tables
- събирателни съществителни – те могат да се употребяват с глагол в единствено и множествено число:
crew - екипаж team - отбор
Неброими съществителни са тези, които нямат определена форма и големина и не могат да се броят. Те биват:
- конкретни (метали, хранителни продукти, течности, др.)
bread - хляб gold - злато
- абстрактни:
love - любов happiness - щастие
Many, Much, A lot of, Lots of
Many, Much, A lot of, Lots of
A lot of и lots of означава ‘много’ и се употребява както с броими, така и с неброими съществителни. Предпочита се в положителни разказни изречения.
She has a lot of friends. – Тя има много приятели.
We play lots of interesting games. – Ние играем на много интересни игри.
There is a lot of information on the subject. – Има много информация по темата.
I want a lot of cream in my coffee. – Искам много сметана в кафето.
Many означава ‘много’. Употребява се с броими съществителни. Предпочита се в отрицателни и въпросителни изречения.
Does she have many friends? – Тя има ли много приятели?
We don’t play many interesting games. – Ние не играем на много интересни игри.
Much означава ‘много’. Употребява се с неброими съществителни. Предпочита се в отрицателни и въпросителни изречения.
There isn’t much information on the subject. – Няма много информация по темата.
Do you want much cream in your coffee? – Искаш ли много сметана в кафето?
Примери:
There is a lot of tea in the kettle.
There isn’t much tea in the kettle.
Is there much tea in the kettle?
Yes, there is a lot.
No, there isn’t much.
They have got a lot of questions.
They haven’t got many questions.
Have they got many questions?
Yes, they have got a lot.
No, they haven’t got many.
За да попитате ‘Колко?’, трябва да зададете въпроса How much? за неброими съществителни и How many? за броими съществителни.
Exercise 1.
Преведете изреченията на български.
1. We need a lot of cherries for the pie.
……………………………………………………………….
2. We need a lot of flour for the cake.
……………………………………………………………….
3. How many apples do we need?
……………………………………………………………….
4. How much cheese do we need?
………………………………………………………………..
5. We don’t need many mushrooms for the salad.
………………………………………………………………...
6. We don’t need much oil for this dish.
………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 2.
Поставете much или many.
1. How ______ people are you expecting?
2. How ______ money do you want for this?
3. Thank you so ______ for your help.
4. I feel ______ better today, thank you.
5. I like that dress very ______ .
6. There are so ______ things I want to ask you.
7. There are too ______ paintings to see in one visit.
8. I'm talking too ______ . I'll be quiet.
9. I've got so ______ news to tell you.
10. Do you have ______ work to do?
11. It looks good but so ______ things could still go wrong.
12. I don't have ______ friends.
13. Please be quick. I don't have ______ time to spare.
14. Happy birthday. ______ happy returns!
15. I don't know ______ about English but I am learning fast.
Exercise 3.
Прочетете и изберете.
Mum: Lia, how 1)…………….milk is there?
Lia: Oh, we’ve got 2)………………milk, Mum!
Mum: Are there 3)…………….onions?
Lia: Well, not 4)……………, but there 5)………..a lot of mushrooms. And we’ve got 6)………………lettuces.
Mum: Is there 7)……………sugar?
Lia: Yes, there’s 8)……………, but there isn’t any butter.
Mum: Oh dear! And we haven’t got 9)…………..beef, either! Can you go to the shop again, dear?
Lia: Oh, Mum!
1. a) many b) much c) a lot of
2. a) any b) many c) a lot of
3. a) much b) any c) an
4. a) many b) a lot of c) much
5. a) is b) are c) isn’t
6. a) a b) one c) three
7. a) many b) a c) any
8. a) a lot b) many c) much
9. a) any b) some c) no
Exercise 4.
Преведете изреченията на български.
1. There is a lot of meat in the pie.
……………………………………………………………….
2. Is there much rice in the packet?
……………………………………………………………….
3. How much cheese do we need? A lot./Not much.
……………………………………………………………….
4. There are a lot of tomatoes in the salad.
……………………………………………………………….
5. There aren’t many onions on the pizza.
……………………………………………………………….
6. How many biscuits are left? A lot./Not many.
……………………………………………………………….
Little, A little, Few, A few
Little означава ‘малко’ (количество), недостатъчно (отрицателен смисъл). Употребява се пред неброими съществителни, както и пред прилагателни.
I have little money. I can’t buy this dress. – Имам малко пари. Не мога да купя тази рокля.
We have little time. We can’t drink coffee now. – Имаме малко време. Не можем да пием кафе сега.
A little означава ‘малко, известно’ (количество), достатъчно (положителен смисъл). Употребява се пред неброими съществителни, както и пред прилагателни.
I have a little money. I can buy this dress. – Имам малко пари. Мога да си купя тази рокля.
We have a little time. We can drink coffee now. – Имаме малко време. Можем да пием кафе сега.
Few означава ‘малко, почти николко’ (на брой), недостатъчно (отрицателен смисъл). Употребява се пред броими съществителни в множествено число.
Few men can lift that stone. – Малко мъже могат да повдигнат този камък.
Few singers are as famous as him. – Малко певци са известни колкото него.
A few означава ‘няколко, известен брой’, достатъчно (положителен смисъл). Употребява се пред броими съществителни в множествено число.
There are a few men in the room. – Има няколко мъже в стаята.
I have a few questions to ask you. – Ще ти задам няколко въпроса.
Only a little/a few носи отрицателна идея и означава ‘съвсем малко/само няколко’.
We have only a little time. We can’t get there in time. – Имаме съвсем малко време. Не можем да стигнем там на време.
Only a few people know the truth. – Съвсем малко хора знаят истината.
Very означава ‘много’, но се употребява, за да подсили прилагателно или наречие.
The house is very big. – Тази къща е много голяма.
I don’t drive very fast. – Не шофирам много бързо.
Сревнете:
She is very afraid. – Тя се страхува много.
She is a little afraid. – Тя малко се страхува.
Exercise 5.
Попълнете с few, a few, little, a little.
1. It’s very expensive. I have only ……………. money.
2. I have …………… interesting books. Would you like one?
3. He’s happy. He has only …………….. problems.
4. We have …………… time. Let’s have a drink.
5. …………… women are famous politicians.
6. She is …………. busy now. Call her in two hours.
7. He speaks …………… Spanish. He needs help.
8. …………….hours sleep will make you feel fresh.
9. There are only ……………..cars at the customs.
10. There’s …………….sugar in the coffee. It’s not sweet.
11. I dream of …………..days holiday.
12. He has ……………..information. Go and ask him.
Exercise 6.
Подчертайте правилният вариант.
1. Are you thirsty? There is some/any juice in the fridge.
2. We’ve got a lot of/a little onions so you don’t have to bring any.
3. I’ve got a little/a few time so I can go shopping.
4. There are a few/a little biscuits in the box.
5. I can’t make an apple pie. I haven’t got any/some apples.
6. If you’re thirsty, there’s a little/a few lemonade left.
7. We haven’t got much/any potatoes, so we can’t make the pie.
8. There is a lot of/a few coffee in the cupboard, but no tea at all.
9. Would you like some/many salt in your chips?
10. If you want to make a cake, you’ll need much/a few more eggs.
11. Don’t buy any apples or oranges as we’ve got a lot of/a little fruit in the fridge.
12. We haven’t got many/much milk left. Can you get some from the shop?
13. There are a little/a few pasta dishes on the menu, but not many.
Exercise 7.
Преведете изреченията на български.
1. There is little tea in the cup. You have to make more.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. There is a little butter on the plate. You don’t have to go to the kitchen.
………………………………………………………………………………….
3. There are few lamps in the corridor. It is dark.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. There are a few books on the shelf. Take the one you like.
………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Is there a little water in the glass?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 8.
Преведете изреченията. Задайте въпроси с ‘Колко’. Отговорете като използвате думата, дадена в скоби.
1. Има две стаи в техния апартамент.
………………………………………………………..
How ………….. rooms are there in their flat? (few)
……………………………………. rooms in their flat.
2. Има някакво кафе в кутията.
…………………………………………………………
How …………… coffee is there in the box? (a little)
……………………………………. coffee in the box.
3. Имаме пет урока за днес.
…………………………………………………………
How …………… lessons do we have for today? (a few)
…………………………………… lessons.
4. Те имат някакви пари.
………………………………………………………….
How …………….. money have they got? (little)
……………………………money.
Exercise 9.
Попълнете с much, many, (a) few, (a) little, a lot (of) или very:
1. There isn't __________ ice in the fridge
2. It costs ___________ money to travel abroad.
3. No problem. I'm _________ strong.
4. Do you know ___________ words in Italian?
5. ___________ men are as tall as him.
6. Would you like________ cream?
7. I know__________ interesting things about their trip.
8. Are there__________ people in the room?
9. Yes, there are_________.
10. I have only __________ questions to ask you.
11. We're happy. We have so ______________ friends.
12. How ________________time do you have?
13. She is ________________beautiful.
14. He has one problem and he's ______________ nervous.
15. We'll stay for________________ days in Paris.
16. We have only ______________minutes. We'll be late.
17. There are _________________flowers in the garden.
18. He is just a ________________boy.
19. Do you drink _____________coffee?
20. Yes, I usually drink _________
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