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The Periodic Table & Atomic Structure
The Periodic Table & Atomic Structure
The Periodic Table shows the symbols of the elements known.
The rows are called periods and the columns are called groups.
Elements are organised in order of increasing atomic number.
Elements in a group will have similar properties to the other elements in that group.
Group 1 elements are known as the alkali metals.
Group 2 elements are known as the alkaline earth metals.
Group 17 elements are known as the halogens.
Group 18 elements are known as the noble gases.
On the periodic table you will also find the atomic number and mass number/atomic mass (molar mass) of each element. The atomic number shows how many positively charged protons are found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. This is equal to the number of negatively charged electrons found in energy levels that orbit the nucleus of an atom. The mass number shows the sum of the protons and neutral neutrons found in the atom's nucleus.
Video 1: Trends in the Periodic Table
Video 1: Trends in the Periodic Table
Video 2: Periods and Groups in the Periodic Table
Video 2: Periods and Groups in the Periodic Table
Video 3: Parts of an Atom
Video 3: Parts of an Atom
Video 4: Atomic Number and Mass Number
Video 4: Atomic Number and Mass Number
Electron Configuration of the first 20 elements
Electron Configuration of the first 20 elements
Hydrogen H (1)
Helium He (2)
Lithium Li (2,1)
Beryllium Be (2,2)
Boron B (2,3)
Carbon C (2,4)
Nitrogen N (2,5)
Oxygen O (2,6)
Fluorine F (2,7)
Neon Ne (2,8)
Sodium Na (2,8,1)
Magnesium Mg (2,8,2)
Aluminium Al (2,8,3)
Silicon Si (2,8,4)
Phosphorus P (2,8,5)
Sulfur S (2,8,6)
Chlorine Cl (2,8,7)
Argon Ar (2,8,8)
Potassium K (2,8,8,1)
Calcium Ca (2,8,8,2)
Video 5: Electron Configuration Diagrams
Video 5: Electron Configuration Diagrams
Ions
Ions
Ions are charged particles which form when an atom or group of atoms gain or lose one or more electrons.
An uncharged (neutral) atom has the same number of negatively charged electrons as positively charged protons. As there are equal numbers of negative and positive charges, there is no overall charge on the atom.
If an atom gains or loses electrons, the negative and positive charges no longer balance/cancel each other out. The atom has become charged. A charged atom is called an ion.
Ions have an unequal number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. Each ion is represented by a symbol which shows the charge and the atom(s) which make up the ion.
Metals form positively charged ions, whereas non-metals may form negatively charged ions.
If an atom gains an electron or electrons from another atom to gain a full valance electron shell, it will now have more negative charge than positive. The atom has become a negatively charged ion.
If an atom loses an electron or electrons to another atom in order to have a full inner electron shells, it will now have more positive charge than negative. The atom has become a positively charged ion.
A positively charged ion is called a cation.
A negatively charged ion is called an anion.
A monatomic ion is formed when one atom gains or loses one or more electrons.
A polyatomic ion is an ion that is made up of two or more different types of atom.
Watch the videos below to see how ions are formed and how to write the electron arrangement of ions.
Video 6: What are ions?
Video 6: What are ions?
Video 7: How ions are made
Video 7: How ions are made
Video 8: Electron configuration/arrangement of ions
Video 8: Electron configuration/arrangement of ions
Ions and their names
Ions and their names
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