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Skill 2: Explain the two processes available to our bodies for releasing energy. One uses oxygen and one does not.
Skill 2: Explain the two processes available to our bodies for releasing energy. One uses oxygen and one does not.
How do we get our energy?
How do we get our energy?
Autotrophs make their own food
Autotrophs make their own food
Auto = self Troph = feeding
Heterotrophs consume (eat) to get food
Heterotrophs consume (eat) to get food
Hetero = different Troph = food source
In your packet, list two autotrophs and two heterotrophs.
In your packet, list two autotrophs and two heterotrophs.
Digestive system
Digestive system
Breaks down starches into glucose
Glucose enters the bloodstream and is carried to the cells of the body.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Break down glucose and release ATP
One Pixy Stix represents one glucose molecule and the sugar inside represents ATP, which is released when the paper is 'broken open."
Why is ATP called Adenosine TRI-phosphate?
Last step
Last step
There is one last step a cell has to go through to use the energy stored in ATP. The bond between the two phosphates on the end is referred to as a 'high-energy bond.' When the third phosphate group is broken off the ATP (forming Adenosine DiPhosphate), a quick burst of energy is released and used by the cell to do work.
There is one last step a cell has to go through to use the energy stored in ATP. The bond between the two phosphates on the end is referred to as a 'high-energy bond.' When the third phosphate group is broken off the ATP (forming Adenosine DiPhosphate), a quick burst of energy is released and used by the cell to do work.
So why bother with all of these different forms of energy?
So why bother with all of these different forms of energy?
ATP is not very stable. Once glucose is broken down to release the ATP, it's 'use it or lose it.' It won't be available for long, even if the cell doesn't use it and that's pretty wasteful. It's like putting a sandwich down on the coffee table. If you don't eat it pretty quickly, your dog might come along and eat it for you, in which case you don't get to use the energy in the sandwich.
ATP is not very stable. Once glucose is broken down to release the ATP, it's 'use it or lose it.' It won't be available for long, even if the cell doesn't use it and that's pretty wasteful. It's like putting a sandwich down on the coffee table. If you don't eat it pretty quickly, your dog might come along and eat it for you, in which case you don't get to use the energy in the sandwich.
Carbohydrates have multiple forms of storage from starches to simple sugars like glucose, but there is one even longer term storage molecule. Think about how the human body stores energy for later, if you eat more calories than you use. The longest term stored energy comes in the form of _________________________.
Carbohydrates have multiple forms of storage from starches to simple sugars like glucose, but there is one even longer term storage molecule. Think about how the human body stores energy for later, if you eat more calories than you use. The longest term stored energy comes in the form of _________________________.
To sum it up...
To sum it up...
Starches, or polysaccharides, are broken down into glucose, a monosaccharide by your digestive system. The glucose enters your bloodstream, raising your blood sugar. Since there is more glucose in your blood than the surrounding cells, it diffuses into your cells. In the cells, mitochondria break down the glucose and release ATP. This energy source powers cell processes such as active transport, cell reproduction, and protein synthesis.
Starches, or polysaccharides, are broken down into glucose, a monosaccharide by your digestive system. The glucose enters your bloodstream, raising your blood sugar. Since there is more glucose in your blood than the surrounding cells, it diffuses into your cells. In the cells, mitochondria break down the glucose and release ATP. This energy source powers cell processes such as active transport, cell reproduction, and protein synthesis.
**Remember that ALL eukaryotes need mitochondria to release the energy stored in glucose, even plants.**
**Remember that ALL eukaryotes need mitochondria to release the energy stored in glucose, even plants.**
Starches (polysaccharides)
Sugars (monosaccharides)
ATP
Video: Burning fats versus burning carbohydrates
Video: Burning fats versus burning carbohydrates
Click here to watch a short video on ATP. I suggest that you watch it once through to get the idea and then watch it again, pausing to answer the questions on the notesheet.
Click here to watch a short video on ATP. I suggest that you watch it once through to get the idea and then watch it again, pausing to answer the questions on the notesheet.
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