Skill 5 - protein synthesis overview and mutations
Word decoding
Decode the phrase, "Protein synthesis."
What are the monomers, or building blocks, for proteins?
Answer the questions in your packet while watching the Amoeba Sisters video. It's a lot of information, so be sure to pause the video to process what they are explaining to you.
For the Amoeba Sisters video overview of protein synthesis, click here
Scroll through the slides below to process what you just saw in the video about protein synthesis.
Skill 5: A mutation is a change in the genetic code. It can be beneficial (good), detrimental (bad), or neutral. Explain the difference. What happens with insertion, deletion, substitution, inversion, and translocation mutations?
Mutations
Mutations are changes in the genetic code. They can be created when copying errors occur during DNA replication. Sometimes, they are caused by environmental damage, like UV light from the sun or pollutants in the air or water. Other times, they are caused by viruses, like HPV, or human papillomavirus. This is a virus that damages the DNA in the cervix of women, causing the cells to reproduce too quickly and form a cancerous tumor. You have probably seen the Gardasil vaccine commercials on TV in which a teenaged boy or girl asks their parents, "Mom...Dad...did you know?"
Look what happens below by just making a small change to the word 'shoer.'
Original - horse shoer
Insertion - shower
('w' was inserted, thus shoer becomes shower)
Deletion - shoe
('r' was deleted, thus shoer becomes shoe)
Inversion - shore
(the 'e' and 'r' were inverted, or changed positions, thus shoer becomes shore)
Substitution - sheer
(the 'o' was substituted for an 'e,' thus shoer becomes sheer)
Even a tiny change in the genetic code can cause big changes in an organism. You may have heard of one or more of the following diseases, caused by a single incorrect nitrogen base (A, T, C, or G).
Sickle cell anemia
Cystic Fibrosis
Some cancers
Tay Sachs disease
Color blindness
We will review the following document together at the beginning of day 3.
Look over the document below and try to figure out what labels go on the two diagrams at the bottom before the class discussion to get the most out of it.
Protein synthesis mutations and diagrams only.docx