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Thinking question: Why don't plants pee?!
Thinking question: Why don't plants pee?!
Initial thoughts:
Initial thoughts:
[Explain several hypotheses about why plants don't pee. Aim for at least two.]
[Explain several hypotheses about why plants don't pee. Aim for at least two.]
Final thoughts:
Final thoughts:
[Leave about 10 blank lines, so you can write your final thoughts at the end of this topic.]
[Leave about 10 blank lines, so you can write your final thoughts at the end of this topic.]
[Science is a collective effort, with researchers sharing their own results and building on the results of others who came before them. Discoveries are made by "standing on the shoulders of giants."]
[Science is a collective effort, with researchers sharing their own results and building on the results of others who came before them. Discoveries are made by "standing on the shoulders of giants."]
[You do not have to copy the scientists down, but read through this sampling of discoveries which have contributed
[You do not have to copy the scientists down, but read through this sampling of discoveries which have contributed
to our current understanding of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The names are hyperlinked,
to our current understanding of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The names are hyperlinked,
in case you have an interest in reading in more depth.]
in case you have an interest in reading in more depth.]
1773 Jan Ingenhousz - discovered that sunlight was necessary for the green parts of plants to produce oxygen, through the process of photosynthesis.
1773 Jan Ingenhousz - discovered that sunlight was necessary for the green parts of plants to produce oxygen, through the process of photosynthesis.
1953 Sir Hans Adolph Krebs - discovered part of the process of cellular respiration, now known as the Kreb's cycle, or citric acid cycle. He received the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1953, along with Fritz Lipmann for this discovery.
1953 Sir Hans Adolph Krebs - discovered part of the process of cellular respiration, now known as the Kreb's cycle, or citric acid cycle. He received the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1953, along with Fritz Lipmann for this discovery.
[These are the biology standards for cellular energy. You do not need to copy these.]
[These are the biology standards for cellular energy. You do not need to copy these.]
BIO.2 The student will investigate and understand that chemical and biochemical processes are essential for life. Key ideas include
water chemistry has an influence on life processes;
macromolecules have roles in maintaining life processes;
enzymes have a role in biochemical processes;
protein synthesis is the process of forming proteins which influences inheritance and evolution; and
the processes of photosynthesis and respiration include the capture, storage, transformation, and flow of energy.
Sustaining life processes requires substantial energy and matter inputs. The complex structural organization of organisms accommodates the capture, transformation, and elimination of the matter and energy needed to sustain life.
As matter and energy flow through different organizational levels of living systems, chemical elements are recombined in different ways to form different products. As a result of these complex chemical processes, energy is transferred from one system of interacting molecules to another (BIO.2 e).
The breakdown of nutrient molecules provides energy to the cell. This energy is stored in specific chemicals that are used to carry out the life functions of the cell (BIO.2 e).
Metabolism refers to all interactions among molecules within the well-ordered environment of the cell. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two important metabolic activities within living cells important in the transfer and transformation of energy for life processes. Energy transfer and transformation are subject to conservation laws (BIO.2 e).
Chloroplasts and mitochondria act as change agents within the cells of plants to make energy available for life processes (BIO.2 e).
Plant cells and many microorganisms use solar energy to combine molecules of carbon dioxide and water into complex, energy-rich organic compounds and release oxygen into the environment (BIO.2 e).
Chloroplasts convert radiant energy from sunlight into chemical energy with the help of the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll aids in the energy transformation of sunlight (radiant energy) to chemical energy in sugar (BIO.2 e).
The sugar molecules produced from photosynthesis can be used immediately by plants and animals for energy, stored for later use, or rearranged into other compounds to carry out life processes (BIO.2 e).
Within individual organisms, food moves through a series of chemical reactions in which it is broken down and rearranged to form new molecules, to support growth, or to release energy. In most animals and plants, oxygen reacts with carbon-containing molecules (sugars) to provide energy (in the form of ATP) and produce carbon dioxide and water (BIO.2 e).
Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction in which the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and new compounds are formed that store energy in a useful form for use by living cells (BIO.2 e). Students are not expected to know the complex multistep processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
The energy released during cellular respiration comes from chemical bonds. When these bonds are broken, energy is released. Most of this energy is lost as thermal energy but some is captured in the bonds of small molecules of ATP. ATP bonds are broken each time energy is needed by the cell for life processes (BIO.2 e).
In order to meet this standard, it is expected that students will
explain how biological systems use energy and matter to maintain organization, to grow, and to reproduce (BIO.2 e)
illustrate and explain the process in which photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy (BIO.2 e)
explain the inter-relatedness of photosynthesis and cell respiration, including energy transfer (BIO.2 e)
describe how the presence of oxygen affects the amount of energy available to an organism (BIO.2 e).
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