Armenia, a landlocked nation in the geopolitical Transcaucasia region, is nestled within the Southern Caucasus Mountains and their surrounding lowlands, positioned between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. It is generally considered part of West Asia, though some definitions place it in Europe or spanning both continents. Situated on the Armenian Highlands, Armenia shares borders with Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east—including the Lachin corridor, controlled by Russian peacekeepers—and Iran, as well as Azerbaijan's Nakhichevan exclave, to the south. Geographically, Armenia lies between latitudes 38° and 42° N and longitudes 43° and 47° E, it has Caucasus mixed forests and Eastern Anatolian montane steppe.
Armenia experiences a distinctly highland continental climate. Summers, spanning from June to mid-September, are hot, dry, and sunny, with temperatures ranging from 22 to 36 °C (72 to 97 °F). Despite the heat, low humidity helps alleviate discomfort, and evening breezes descending from the mountains offer a refreshing coolness. Spring is brief, whereas autumn is long and renowned for its striking, colorful foliage.
Winters are quite cold and snowy, with temperatures varying between −10 and −5 °C (14 to 23 °F). The season attracts winter sports enthusiasts, particularly to the slopes of Tsaghkadzor, just a short drive from Yerevan. Lake Sevan, situated in the Armenian highlands, holds the distinction of being the world's second-largest lake at its altitude of 1,900 meters (6,234 ft) above sea level.