Bangladesh is in South Asia on the Bay of Bengal. It is surrounded almost entirely by neighbouring India, and shares a small border with Myanmar to its southeast, though it lies very close to Nepal,Bhutan, and China. The country is divided into three regions. Most of the country is dominated by the fertile Ganges Delta , the largest river delta in the world. The northwest and central parts of the country are formed by the Madhupur and the Barind plateaus. The northeast and southeast are home to evergreen hill ranges.
Straddling the Tropic of cancer , Bangladesh's climate is tropical, with a mild winter from October to March and a hot, humid summer from March to June. The country has never recorded an air temperature below 0 °C (32 °F), with a record low of 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) in the northwest city of Dinajapur on 3 February 1905. A warm and humid monsoon season lasts from June to October and supplies most of the country's rainfall. Natural calamities, such as floods, tropical cyclones, tornadoes and tidal bores occur almost every year, combined with the effects of, soil degradation and erosion. The cyclones of 1970 and 1991 were particularly devastating, the latter killing approximately 140,000 people.
Bangladesh's lower middle income mixed market economy is among the fastest growing economies in the world. A rapidly developing country, it has the world's 36th largest economy by nominal terms, and the 224th largest by PPP. Bangladesh has a labor force of 71.4 million, which is the world's seventh largest ; with an unemployment rate of 5.1% as of 2023. Its foreign exchange reserves, although depleting, remain the 2nd highest in southern Asia , after India. Bangladesh's large diaspora contributed roughly $27 billion in remittances in 2024. The Bangladeshi Taka is the national currency.
The official and predominant language of Bangladesh is Bengali, which is spoken by more than 99% of the population as their Native languages. Bengali is described as a dialect where there are various dialects spoken throughout the country. There is a diglossia which much of the population can understand or speak in Standard Colloquial Bengali, and in their regional dialect or language. These include Chittagoinan which is spoken in the southeastern region of Chittagong, Noakhali spoken in the southern district of Noakhali and Sylhet spoken in the northeastern region of Sylhet.