Abstract: In this paper it is argued that economic misfortune coupled with population growth, political unrest, religious tensions, and shifting social paradigms resulting in tension and unity, all pushed people in Greater Syria and Mount Lebanon to emigrate; however, settlement in the United States was determined through the binary lens of race, opportunity for land, gender, and economic stability.

Abstract: When Germans immigrated to the United States after 1848, many came as refugees of the same year’s failed revolt. Using primary sources consisting of newspapers and immigrant letters, this paper attempts to articulate German-American immigrants’ opinions besides those of the well-documented Forty-Eighters.

Abstract: The process of “Americanizing” the immigrant population in the 1910’s was established in the American military and presented a template for the urban cities where immigrant populations were concentrated. This project argues that there is definitive evidence that it was military policy and not local policy that ‘Americanized’ the immigrant population in the 1910s after WWI.