Abstract: In comparative analysis of the Atlanta Female Baptist Seminary (now Spelman College) and the Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls, this paper argues that white women educators sought to instill Christian values aimed at “civilizing” Black girls, while Black women educators focused more on training them to be independent thinkers who would go on to dedicate their lives to the plight of the Black race.

Abstract: The historical narrative of racial desegregation in Virginia public schools strongly highlights racist white mobs. This paper argues that the creation of pupil placement laws, segregation academies, the closure of school systems, and re-allocation of tax funds, for example, are seemingly non-violent forms of resistance that have become lost, but that are imperative to an understanding of the process of racial desegregation in public schools in Virginia.