Abstract: Victorian men and women in the mid-nineteenth century constructed a medieval past to make sense of the changes surrounding them in the present. This paper looks at how Victorian Britain used the ideology of medievalism to create a notion of grandeur for their nation, and ultimately, their gender.

Abstract: The United States' public education quality suffers due to the federal government's laissez-faire approach to state curriculum. This has lead to a significant racial and religious bias in history and social studies textbooks. The goal of this research is to argue in favor of reforming the United States’ approach to teaching history based on these biases.

Abstract: Historically, art was used to illustrate the ideals and cultures from when and where it came. Good art is a monument to a point in history, and for that reason artistic ideals must be fluid. This essay will use the shift in artistic style during the Roman Empire in late antiquity to illustrate this point.

Abstract: Since 1937, the Supreme Court has adjudicated in a fundamentally different manner than it did prior. This historiography seeks to understand why. It analyzes the scholarship of five historians and examines their differing explanations on the causes of the Supreme Court’s change and the degree to which they believe that this change was gradual or sudden and why.