Abstract: By displaying the willingness to withdrew from Europe and Asia politically but not economically, the decision to isolate led to the rise of worldwide debt and the Great Depression, the diminishment of the League of Nations, and the rise of Fascist leaders. This paper relies heavily on government documents and legislation from the interwar period to help draw conclusions on why American isolation was problematic in the 1920s and 1930s.

Abstract: Many scholars from the late 1990s and early 2000s suggest that Pakistan’s saving grace, following Britain and India's trade exit in 1947, came in the form of the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957. This essay uses economic and political reports, Pakistani newspaper articles, and aid documents to provide a clearer understanding of America’s financial efforts in Pakistan during a pivotal point in the country’s history.

Abstract: This paper analyzes Machiavelli’s statement, "But since it is difficult to be both together, it is much safer to be feared than to be loved, when one of the two must be lacking.” Using the 15th century Italian meanings of "love" and "fear," this research discusses three World War II leaders: General Patton, Winston Churchill, and General MacArthur, who each had their own leadership style of being either loved, feared, or both.

Abstract: A persistent problem that would face the Allied forces and the German leadership for years to come after the end of World War II was that of the German refugee and expellee problem. By working to resolve this crisis, Adenauer ultimately began to alleviate the post-war challenges Germany felt in terms of the economy, occupation, infrastructure, and public health.