By the end of this unit, a successful student will be able to:
1) MSTE Phys 3.2: Explain how heat energy will move from a higher temperature to a lower temperature until equilibrium is reached. (21.1-21.3)
2) (NGSS HS-PS3-2) Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields. (21.1, 21.4)
o MSTE Phys 3.3: Describe the relationship between average molecular kinetic energy and temperature. (21.1, 21.2, 21.4)
o Recognize that energy is absorbed when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas (23.2, 23.8), and that energy is released when a substance changes from a gas to a liquid (23.1, 23.4, 23.8) to a solid (23.5, 23.8). Explain the relationships between evaporation, condensation, cooling, and warming.
3) (NGSS HS-PS3-4) Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics). (21.6)
4) (NGSS HS-PS3-1) Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known. (21.6)
o MSTE Phys 3.4: Explain the relationship among temperature change in a substance for a given amount of heat transferred, the amount (mass) of the substance, and the specific heat of the substance : Q = cm∆T (21.5-21.7)
5) MSTE Phys 3.1: Explain how heat energy is transferred by convection (22.2, 22.6), conduction (22.1, 22.6), and/or radiation (22.3-22.7).
All assignments are due on the date listed. That is not the date they are assigned.
Due date Day Assignment
10/31 Wed Read: 21.1-21.7 (Goals 1, 2, 4, 5) (PS 17)
Do: 1-12
11/2 Fri Do: CDPP 21-1 (Goals 1, 2, 4, 5)
11/5 Mon Do: pp. 323-324: 19-23, 25, 41, 42, 45 (Goals 1, 2, 4, 5)
(PS 18)
11/6 Tue Read: 22
Do: 2-20 (evens only) (Goal 5) (PS 19)
11/7 Wed Field Trip Museum of Science
11/8 Thu Finish Specific Heat Lab (Goals 3, 4) (Lab 8)
11/13 Tue Do: p. 338: 21-30 (Goal 5) (PS 20)
Finish Thermal Radiation Lab (Goal 5) (may cut for time)
11/14 Wed Do: CDPP 22-1 (Goal 4)
11/15 Thu Test: 21, 22
Missed a class? Forgot what we did last week? Follow the link to Physics Unit 5 Daily Plans
- Thermodynamics is the study of the affects of internal energy on a system. This includes the study of temperature and of entropy. Entropy is a measure of the disorder in a system. A system with low entropy might have all of its components near one particular energy state. A system with high entropy would have its components in a wide distribution of energy states. A neatly organized room is in a state of low entropy. A desk whose contents are distributed haphazardly about it, with only a few items in their assigned places (socks in a sock drawer for example), would be in a state of high entropy. Modern thermodynamics is highly dependent on mathematical tools from statistics.
- Prentice Hall's web page on Giancoli Chapter 13,
- Prentice Hall's web page on Giancoli Chapter 14
- Prentice Hall's web page on Giancoli Chapter 15
- Halliday, Resnick and Walker's page on Chapter 19, Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics(Calculus based)
- Halliday, Resnick and Walker's page on Chapter 20, The Kinetic Theory of Gasses (Calculus based)
- Halliday, Resnick and Walker's page on Chapter 21, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics (Calculus based)
- Following Boyle's Law, the Law of Charles & Gay-Lussac, The Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT)is most students' introduction to topic of thermodynamics. this Java-based Gas Law Program by Kirk Haines, John Gelder, and Michael Abraham presents a cross-sectional view of piston enclosing a particle model of an ideal gas model of a helium, neon mixture. The user is able to vary the pressure, temperature, volume, and number densities and watch how the other quantities change, and how the speed distribution of the particles varies.
- Here I give a quick overview of different methods of heat transportation, followed by a discussion of conduction and how it works through direct physical contact and microcollisions Siren: Heat Transport: Conduction
- Convection as a method of heat transportation through a fluid medium is described. After a brief discussion of forced convection, I describe buoyancy, which I introduce to the legend of Archimedes and the crown. Buoyancy is then used as a means of describing how natural convection occurs. Examples are described. Siren: Heat Transport: Convection
- I describe how electromagnetic radiation transports energy between objects. This includes a definition of what an ideal black body is and a description of how a black body spectrum varies in color and intensity with temperature. Examples of the Cosmic Microwave Background, human body temperature, our Sun, and Blue giant stars are cited. Heat Transport: Electromagnetic Radiation
- The green house effect is described. I talk about how some frequencies of light pass freely through our atmosphere and others don't, how some of the light that does get through is reflected off and some is absorbed, and how much of what is absorbed by the earth is re-emitted as infrared black body radiation which can not pass through the atmosphere. Comparisons are drawn between Venus and Mercury, and the Earth and the Moon. Siren: Electromagnetic Radiation and the Greenhouse Effect
- The Maxwellian Demon site contains a number of articles and links relating to thermodynamics and its relation to information theory.
- Here's an explaination of Maxwell's Demon and The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
- David Goodstein's freshman physics lectures from mid 80s CalTech, combined with historical reenactments and demonstrations: The Mechanical Universe 45: Temperature and Gas Laws
- A collection of Heat Applets and videos demonstrating various heat related concepts, from Noel Cunningham's The Physics Teacher site.
- The Mechanical Universe 46: Engine of Nature
- The Mechanical Universe 47: Entropy
- The Mechanical Universe 48: Low Temperatures