Lips: Consists of the obicularis oris muscle that is responsible for the major movement of the lips.

Tongue: The most active articulator in speech production that is composed of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that allow for a wide variety of movement. The shape of the tongue plays a large role in the production of both vowels and consonants.

Mandible: inadequate or sluggish movement may lead to articulatory difficulties

Teeth: As a secondary function, the teeth are responsible for Articulation of /f/, /v/ and /θ/ or /ð/. The primary function of the teeth is mastication

Hard/Soft Palate & Uvula: located directly behind the teeth, is the the alveolar ridge, directly behind the alveolar ridge is the hard palate, behind that is the soft palate or the "velum" and then an expansion off of the velum is the uvula. These structures play a very important role in speech sound production.

(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)