• The neolithic revolution led to injustices with religions, social classes, and genders, for many reasons. Firstly, the bringing about of farming led to civilizations, based on river farming and domestication. These civilizations had leaders, which already were a pseudo social class in of themselves. However, with the bringing about of different races, and civilizations that interacted with each other, there were some disagreements on who was better racially and ethnically, and even religiously. There were many times when this happened, but one of the major ones was the introduction of the caste system in india. The caste system came about through hinduism, and had a clear separation of social classes. The untouchables, the lowest level, were deemed too filthy to even touch, and of course the untouchables didn’t like this. However, a new religion came around, called Buddhism, which taught that anyone could be reincarnated, even without ascending the ranks of the caste system. This created tension between the Hindus and the Buddhists, and as the Hindus were already socially superior, there were injustices performed to the Buddhists. Another example of this is in the ancient roman empire, where Christianity was looked down upon. These Christians were tortured for spectacle, and just because the roman government didn’t like them, until Constantine switched his and the empire’s religion to Christianity. As for genders, pre neolithic revolution, the groups were mainly egalitarian, however, there were many instances of patriarchy rising throughout the neolithic period, which brought about injustices to women, especially in the rules of religions such as Confucianism.

• Some early neolithic technological advances were things to help farm more easily, such as the hoe, or irrigation systems. Irrigation systems could come in many forms, such as physically bringing water, or planting next to rivers that you know will overflow. There were many more tools invented, such as daggers, or spears.The main focus of the advancements in the early neolithic era were mostly farming focused, however. Techniques used in the  early neolithic era included grinding, sharpening, or polishing weapons on rocks, which has been developed greatly in the modern landscape.

• There were many interregional trade routes that led to the spread of religions. The silk road was one of the most important of these many interregional trade routes, and spanned a lot of land, stretching from china to the middle east, where the most developed societies were. Many merchants and vendors took trips on the silk road in order to sell their wares. These various merchants and vendors had religious identities, which they shared greatly, in order to expand their various religions. Another interregional trade route, even though it wasn’t manmade, is the Mediterranean Sea. Many empires controlled this area, such as the romans, greeks, and persians, which led to the spread of culture from coastal countries, and with culture came their religions as well.

• Centralized governments are governments in which the power is mainly focused near the top, or at the executive branches. People that live in countries containing a centralized government usually don’t have much power to control the governments. Centralized governments aren’t always dictatorships, however. Countries such as modern-day great britain are centralized, with power belonging mostly to the government. Decentralized governments are those where the power has been passed down to the people, and you can see this a lot in early neolithic societies, where kings hadn’t been installed yet, and people ran things together. A modern-day example of a decentralized government would be india, as there isn’t a massive government presence/control of the people there.

• Terms

-Egalitarian - The rights of Women and Men being Equal

-Universalizing - A religion wanting everyone to convert to it

-Caste System - A hindu social hierarchy system where if you ascent to the highest rank through reincarnation, and are a man, you can escape the cycle of reincarnation.

-Knapping, Rubbing things together to make fire

-Irrigation, The concept of watering plants on a large scale

-Triumvirate, A group of three roman leaders that led the empire together.