Learning document #16

Administering management on occupational expansion

In doing analysis, the analyzer should consider dividing or differentiating the data of several information concerning community by letting the community members or members of particular occupation participate in analyzing. In so doing, they should fill in all information into the right places or column in “S”, “W”, “O” and “T”. All information should be put in places, and if some information seemed not so clear, the team should do the survey of more information, after which they have to do the analysis of all information in order to identify the alternative way for solving the problems or for occupational expansion before they can develop their occupational vision.

Mission – is the pieces of work that the entrepreneurs of occupational performers have to conduct successfully according to their vision. In so doing, the entrepreneurs should set their team work and identify the missions clearly in terms of production and marketing.

Meanings

Risk management means the process in identifying risk analysis, risk assessment, examining and controlling the risks that are related to the activities, duties, and working processes. Risk management should be made to help the organization reduce the disruptions being faced in terms of business accident.

Peril – means the cause of loss which may occur in terms of natural disasters such as tsunami, flooding, earth quake, etc. Apart from the natural disaster, some peril may have caused from the misled of human itself such as conflagration, traffic, murder, etc. The last and significant cause of peril that always occurs is the cause of economic downturn, and when it occurs it will impact people of the whole country or region worldwide.

Hazard – means the situation or condition that elevates more cause of peril. Through the hazardous situation, we may categorize it into three situations -physical hazard, moral hazard and morale hazard.Physicalhazard is the situation that might be occurred physically such as the location of the building that supports fire or conflagration. The moral hazard means the opportunity or chance to commit falseness such as dishonest to working duty or corruption. The morale hazard is the carelessness or negligent in preventing risky hazard. For example, the worker leaves the machine to operate without caring.

2.2.1) Identifying disasters to be encountered by organization - it means to identify the causes and events of disasters that are presently impact the organization and this should be the first step of risk management.

2.2.2) Evaluating the impact of disasters to the organization, or in other word called the assessment of risk taking that the organization may have to be alerted and prepared to protect each particular disaster appropriately.

2.2.3) Identifying the counteract measure for disasters risk management in which it should be prioritized according to their significances. The outstanding counteract measure to disasters risk management comprise the following:
(1) Measure for eliminating or decreasing the violent

(2) Measure for protecting the victims not to face directly with disaster or danger. For example,

  * Disaster to be occurred in terms of injuries from climbing up high. The counteract measure is to fasten
    the belt to prevent falling down.

 * Disaster occurred from the vapor or toxic vapor which can be prevented by covering the nose or putting on the mask.

(3) Measure for reducing the violent of emergency event such as the conflagration in which some buildings have been prepared in terms of building construction by using the wall that can bear the burden of conflagration. Some building use water Springer that can reduce the violent or stop the fire.

(4) Measure for reducing the lost directly.

(5) Measure for recovering to actual aspect

1) Marketing issue – change of product, change of the prices, changes of bank interest and exchange rate, stock price fluctuations, and market competition.

2) Production issue – raw materials, production capacity, production capital, mechanism technology, safety and mistake on steps of production.

3) Monitory issue –change in loans, change in asset used for insuring the Loans and liquidity.

4) Personnel issue –knowledge and ability, skills, attitudes, responsibility, corruption, harmony, and resign rate.

5) Capability issue –natural resource, climate, natural disaster, location aspect, arts, culture, custom, lifestyle and human resource.

1.2) Violent / Damage opportunity
- High

- Middle

- Low

Prioritizing the significance of risks may help business owners and team worker take more interests or concernson the risk management that will mostly impact their business.

2.4.1 The causes of particular critical point

2.4.2 The impact of critical point to the business

2.4.3 What should be the sign telling the cause of critical point?

2.4.4 What would the organization do to prevent if the business tends to impact the critical point of risk?

2.4.5 If the critical point already occurred, what should be the significant measures of the organization?

2.5.1 Consider the risk that we had experienced in the past and could finally overcome it, then recall our measures as to what and how we could use those measures effectively.

2.5.2 What kind of risk are you encountering and what measures are being used to solve the problem? Are that measures found effective or not? If it is found not effective, how could you improve the strategies?

2.5.3 What kinds of risks do you think are going to occur, and the prevention measures you have planned have already been used or not, do you have to develop new strategies ?

2.5.4 What kind of risks have not yet arrived? Does your organization undertake the study and find out whether your plan of possible measures for risk prevention will be effective, or it has already been used effectively by other organization before

2.5.5 Identify the frequency of assessment on prevention measures in order to improve the plan and new strategies if the old ones are seen not effective.

Production management – means the processes and steps of production that are going on continuously to reach the goals of organizations and particular activities.

Services – the processes of providing services to the customers by making them full of happiness and satisfaction as well as receiving full of benefit.

Quality control – means the conduct of activities and productions to enable them respond to the needs and satisfaction of the customers through basic belief that “good processes create good product.”

1. The products being ordered are qualified in terms of the quality according to what have been specified in the contract.

2. The production processes are correctly developed appropriately.

3. The production plan is in accordance with the plan prior identified.

4. The packaging is found appropriated and be able to delivery safely without damage.

1) Step of policy identification – is to identify the general objectives such as quality level of the product, size of market, selling procedures and insurance. All of these identification will tell us what to be done to reach the goal and objectives as planned.

2) Step of creating models of the product – means to set the qualification of the product. This step may have to be related to the production system.

3) Step of controlling the quality of production – means to make quality control of the products which is divided into 3 different steps; (1) checking the quality of particular units of the product, (2) Controlling the production processes, and (3) checking the overall quality of the products. These three steps of quality controlling will be undertaken through sampling of the products.

4) Step of quality control selling – is the after sell services in which the new actual marketing system has regarded as the most important step on creating satisfaction among customers who are to be sure that their products will be served and follow-up of the quality all the time.

Applications of innovative technology for production are the proper way to develop the ability in human productions in which it helps solve the problem and support the needs of human beings creatively by applying general knowledge into technological processes to produce the appliances for daily use and have good quality of life.

Creating the innovation means to create the new idea for the production of new artifacts which have never been initiated before. This is meant to develop the new one through the improvement of the existing one.

Technology means something being developed by human for the use of actual work or for solving the problems that occurred such as equipment, materials, engine, or those things unable to touch, tohandle, or those systems and processes for working successfully. The technology will be great benefit to people if the user use it properly but not exceeded more than needed.

Technological process is the process of solving the problem through creative idea initiatively and carefully in order to create useful productivity according to the needs of human beings.

The principle process for designing technological product may be divided into 5 steps as follows:

1. Analize and study the actual status of production which includes manpower, raw materials, producing capital. After learning these factors, the owner should be able to find the defect of production and may find way to reduce the capital of production.

2. Analyze the causes of idle costs of capital that occurred from the production and services. This means the costs being spent without any usefulness nor benefit to the business.

3. Undertake business control by reducing the ineffective cost of production and continue to do it until it reach the goal effectively.

1. The business administrator should clearly and seriously have policy and project for reducing the capital, no matter these will be in terms of the quality standard policy such as ISO, the support of personnel capability, etc. the production reducing system should be conducted continuously and seriously.

2. The business administrator should create good attitude among their workforces regarding the reduction of capital costs of production.

3. Undertake the measure to increase the effectiveness and quality of business administration and management seriously.

Business accounting means the system of data processing on monetary matter such as records of revenues – expenses of both finance and producing categories as well as monetary values in account book that should be follow-up and updated correctly and regularly according to the financial principle.

1. It is the equipment for measuring the success of business administration to be considered from the outcomes of business performances, the financial status and stability of the business. The business accounting will comprise the records of investment, revenues-expenses, balance sheet, profit and loss, all of these will reflex the business administration.

2. It is the equipment for supporting the planning and decision making and may be used for analyzing the possibility of future investments. Therefore, if the accounting is recorded correctly it will increase the sustainable development of the business.

3. It is the equipment for planning the profit and controlling the expenses of the company and help making decision in identifying the prices of the products. It also helps in controlling the capital costs of production and planning for development of operations correctly appropriated to the resources available.

Revenues – expenses accounting – means to record the events or occurrences about financial matter or partly information about the finance concerned. This will be done through the analysis process to be recorded in the financial form being provided in order to show the result of financials status and the outcomes of implementation in a certain period.

Asset – Debt accounting  – is the records of assets and debts such as lands, equipments, machines, agriculture equipment factors of production, numbers of production and the remaining products as well as the debts occurring from production process. Recording of the assets and the debts is to summarize the financial status to be used for calculating future revenues by concluding according to particular planting seasons or the end of the year in the form of financial values. The following is an example of Asset – Debts accounting.