3.3 Nutrition and Energy Systems

Mitochondria is the Powerhouse of the cell

• Annotate a diagram of the ultrastructure of a generalized animal cell.

• Annotate a diagram of the ultrastructure of a mitochondrion.

• Define the term cell respiration.

• Explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule.

• Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction.

• Describe the re-synthesis of ATP by the ATP–CP system.

• Describe the production of ATP by the lactic acid system.

• Explain the phenomena of oxygen deficit and oxygen debt.

• Describe the production of ATP from glucose and fatty acids by the aerobic system.

• Discuss the characteristics of the three energy systems and their relative contributions during exercise.

• Evaluate the relative contributions of the three energy systems during different types of exercise.

Outline the re-synthesis of ATP by the ATP-CP system.

Describe the strengths of the ATP-CP system with regard to the re-synthesis of ATP during a 50-metre sprint.

Evaluate the re-synthesis of ATP via the ATP-CP system.

Compare and contrast the fuel sources used by the lactic acid and aerobic energy systems.

Describe the production of ATP by the lactic acid system.

Describe the process of anaerobic catabolism of glucose.

Describe the production of ATP by the lactic acid system.

Compare the fuel source and by-products of anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid system) and the aerobic energy system.

Explain the phenomenon of oxygen deficit.

Explain the oxygen deficit and oxygen debt response for a swimmer competing in a 100m race.

Discuss the oxygen deficit and oxygen debt response in a highly trained cyclist during a long distance race.

An athlete is breathing heavily after a 100m race. Explain why in relation to excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC).

Describe the production of ATP from glucose by the aerobic system.

Describe the production of ATP by the aerobic system.

Discuss contributions of the anaerobic energy systems during a training run.

Discuss the characteristics of the lactic acid system during exercise.

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the lactic acid and aerobic system.

Explain the role of ATP in energy production when accelerating out of the starting blocks during a short burst of intense exercise.

Discuss the charcateristics of the ATP-CP system and the relative contribution during gymnastics.

Discuss how the three energy systems contribute to ATP production during an 800-metre run.

Explain the relative contributions of the three energy systems during a hockey or soccer match.

Evaluate the relative contributions of the three energy systems in a footballer during a match.

Describe the contributions of the three energy systems during a steady-state endurance event.

Evaluate the relative contributions of the three energy systems during distance running.

Evaluate the relative contributions of the three energy systems for a team game of your choice.

Discuss how the production of ATP by the various energy systems differs in a 60m sprint, 400m and a 26 mile marathon.

Explain how adenosine can gain or lose a phosphate molecule in a runner during the first three minutes of a training run.

Discuss how the three energy systems contribute to ATP production during an 800-metre run.

Explain excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) during recovery.

Explain how anaerobic energy systems could contribute to ATP production during a 3-minute round of boxing.

Explain the reason for elevated breathing in the first minutes after a swimming sprint. (topic 2.1)

Describe the aerobic production of ATP before electrons are passed into the electron transport chain.

Outline 6 structures in an animal cell.

Discuss the relative contributions of the three energy systems for a runner during a 100 m print and a 10 000 m race.

Discuss the oxygen debt process which occurs during recovery after a 10 000 m race.

Explain the phenomena of oxygen deficit and oxygen debt for an individual hiking 20 km in mountains.