Ferns

Ferns reproduce differently than most plants. Ferns do not have flowers or seeds, they reproduce using spores. Spores are small, lightweight cells that can be carried by the wind to new locations, where they can grow into new plants.

The process of reproduction in ferns is called "sporulation" or "spore formation", which takes place in specialized structures called "sori" on the undersides of the fern's leaves. The sori contain sporangia, small structures that produce and contain spores. When the spores are mature, they are released from the sporangia and can be carried by the wind to new locations.

Once the spores reach a suitable location and find the right conditions, they will germinate and grow into a new fern plant. This process doesn't involve pollination, as ferns don't have flowers or seeds, they use spores instead to reproduce.

Bird's nest fern

This common native fern is seen throughout Singapore growing on the branches of roadside trees or used as part of a gardening landscape. It can be attached to tree branches, or planted in the ground or in pots. A very easy-to-grow fern that can be grown in full sun or partial shade.

Blue club moss

The blue clubmoss requires plenty of light and its presence is strictly limited to open, dry and rocky pine forest, where it is almost invariably located on sunny slopes. The species spreads via ground stems cloning itself. In their old age, they die off centrally, creating circles or half-circles. Previously, it benefited from fires because its stem was usually protected inside the sand and its spores could successfully reproduce best after a wildfire. 

Silver laced fern / Victoriea

Silver Lace Fern is a small fern popular and it can be kept as an indoor ornamental plant. The beautiful dark- green narrow fronds have a central silvery variegated area and tangled margins. This fern is a shade dependent plant mostly growing in areas where trees provide a nice canopy out of direct sunlight. The Silver Lace Fern Care needs frequent watering.  This plant can grow quite big if left unpruned, reaching heights as high as 18 inches and widths as wide as 16 inches.

Tree fern

The tree ferns are the ferns that grow with a trunk elevating the fronds above ground level. They may start small, but they grow big over time, 6-10 feet or higher. The roots that grow from the base of this stem are very small and will not be large enough to anchor it into the ground. They reproduce from spores that grow on the undersides of the fronds or from offsets.

Asplenium longissimum

This fern prefers to grow in semi-shaded conditions on moist, fertile loam soil. The substrate should be sandy or gritty-sandy soil. They tolerate temperatures only above at least 1°C. The leaflets are triangular in shape.