3. Hazard risk and vulnerability
The varying power of geophysical hazards to affect people in different local contexts
The varying power of geophysical hazards to affect people in different local contexts
IB learning outcomes
Two contemporary contrasting case studies each for volcanic hazards, earthquake hazards and mass movement hazards (see guidance above)
two earthquake hazard events of similar magnitudes but with contrasting human impacts
two volcanic hazard events in contrasting plate boundary locations
two mass movement hazard events with contrasting physical characteristics (fast/slow; solid/loose).
For each geophysical hazard type, the case studies should develop knowledge and understanding of:
geophysical hazard event profiles, including any secondary hazards
varied impacts of these hazards on different aspects of human well-being
why levels of vulnerability varied both between and within communities, including spatial variations in hazard perception, personal knowledge and preparedness
Earthquake hazard
11 March, 2011, Tohoku, Japan
12 January, 2010, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Volcanic Hazard
March 2010, Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland (Divergent)
September 2014, Mount Ontake, Japan (Subduction)
June 2011, Puyehue-Cordón Caulle, Chile (Subduction)
Mass movement
14 August, 2017, Freetown, Sierra Leone (mudflow)
September 2018, Hokkaido, Japan (landlside)
May 2017, Big Sur Highway, USA (landslide)
Place
A hyperlink source page
Visual footage of the event
A map or maps
Hazard magnitude and frequency/recurrence at the location
Geographic factors affecting the geophysical hazard event impacts such as:
rural/urban location
time of day
degree of isolation
A description of the hazard risk as a product of economic factors
levels of development and technology
social factors (education, gender)
demographic factors (population density and structure)
political factors (governance, prevention, emergency systems)
Process
An annotated diagram of the hazard event, including
subject specific vocabulary
secondary hazards
type of event (type of plate, volcano or movement)
Power
Statistics (casualties, magnitude, international aid, insurance cost, etc)
Developed knowledge and understanding of:
geophysical hazard event profile:
Description of event
Secondary hazards
A table showing the impacts of the hazard on different aspects of human well-being (SPEED) such as:
Loss of life
Material destruction
Economic loss
Health
Political unrest
Environmental degradation
An explanation of the varying levels of vulnerability between and within communities
including spatial variations in hazard perception
personal knowledge and preparedness
Possibilities
Pre-event management strategies
building codes, emergency drills, early warning systems, hazard monitoring etc
Post-event management strategies
Explain what has been done since the event in order to reduce the community's vulnerability to a future event.
You will hyperlink your factsheets here and we will have a gallery walk presentation on ...
a) Explain how two named earthquake hazard events were of similar magnitudes [3]
b) Explain how those two named earthquake hazard events had contrasting human impacts [3+3]
Explain how two named volcanic hazard events occurred in contrasting plate boundary locations [3]
Explain how two named mass movement hazard events had contrasting physical characteristics (fast/slow; solid/loose) [3]
Write a thesis statement for each of the following IB style questions:
4. Referring to examples, examine why the geographic impacts of disasters vary in space and time [10]
5. Using examples, examine the demographic and socio-economic factors that affect the vulnerability of a community to hazard events. [10] [M14]
6. Examine the different types of responses that occurred during and after a named disaster. [10] [N12]
Markscheme (YIS only)