Core 3.1: Global resource consumption and security
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How different patterns and trends are interrelated and involve spatial interactions between different places
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How global development processes affect resource availability and consumption
Embedded Files
"Poverty is not an accident. Like Slavery and Apartheid, it is man-made and can be removed by the actions of human beings"
Nelson Mandela
Lesson 1: What is poverty?
Lesson 1: What is poverty?
What causes poverty?
Is it the same everywhere?
Describe some regional and continental trends in poverty
How can we measure poverty?
How can people get out of poverty? What are the obstacles?
Has economic development improved the standard of living of the poor?
What are the obstacles to improvements in education?
What new problems have arisen from better healthcare?
Who is best suited to help the poor?
Can we all be rich and healthy?
Activity 1
Build the following table in your notes, and add at least 2 countries. You will find each country's geographic region here (look for Geographic Region in the left-hand menu).
The World Bank classifications can be found on the map below.
The current poverty situation (Poverty headcount ratio at $3 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)) can be found using these country profiles from the World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform.
Then, state three trends found in each of these graph
Then, state three trends found in each of these graph
Reminder: Causes of the growing Middle class
Increased investment in education of children
Decrease in fertility rate and reduction in population growth rates
An increase in average carbon footprint per person
Increased economic growth at the national level
Globalization
Activity 2:
Activity 2:
Evaluating the growth of the global middle class
Evaluating the growth of the global middle class
Take notes outlining the link between the growth of the ‘new global middle class’ and resource consumption.
Take notes outlining the link between the growth of the ‘new global middle class’ and resource consumption.
Consider:
Consider:
- Statistics, terminology and visualisation of the change
- the causes and consequences of an explosion of the numbers of people in the middle classes.
Watch 1:30 to 7:30
IB Style questions:
Explain two ways in which changing diets in middle-income countries affect global food security.
Discuss the relationship between the expansion of the global middle class and global resource security.
Explain two reasons why diets are changing in middle‐income countries.
Explain how the growth of a country’s middle-class population can lead to land-use pressures.
Explain why the growth of the global middle class may lead to increased water consumption.
“The main reason for changing trends in global resource consumption is the development of the new global middle class.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
“Increased consumption by the global middle class is the greatest threat to future resource security.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Homework:
read Nagle and Cooke p. 468 to 486
Homework:
read Nagle and Cooke p. 468 to 486
Lesson 2: Measuring trends in resource consumption, including individual, national and global ecological footprints
Lesson 2: Measuring trends in resource consumption, including individual, national and global ecological footprints
Mathis Wackernagel: Creator of The Ecological Footprint
Mathis Wackernagel: Creator of The Ecological Footprint
As you watch the video, come up with your own definition fo Ecological footprint:
EF calculations take the following resources into account, and is calculated in terms of space: hectors per person. (Acres in the US)
Arable land
pasture land
forests
oceans
infrastructure
energy costs
Click on map below for interactive data
Exercise:
Exercise:
Define the following terms:
1. Biocapacity
2. Ecological Footprint
3. Carbon Footprint
4. Ecological Creditor
5. Ecological Debtor
6. Global Hectare
. What is Earth’s optimal biocapacity?
What is the average ecological footprint per capita of Earth? Japan's? USA? China? Madagascar?
Define Earth’s EF deficit.
Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using the ecological footprint as an indicator.
If time: Take the Ecological Footprint Calculator test to work out your individual impact on the planet.
If time: Take the Ecological Footprint Calculator test to work out your individual impact on the planet.
A carbon footprint is an environmental indicator that represents the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs), expressed as CO2 equivalents, that are emitted directly or indirectly as a result of a specific activity.
Direct emissions
Indirect emissions
In your notes, add the national and per capita carbon footprint Earth, Japan, USA, China and Madagascar
Exercise: Write a thesis statement for the following question:
Exercise: Write a thesis statement for the following question:
To what extent is a future global increase in ecological footprint inevitable because the Middle Class is growing quickly?
To what extent is a future global increase in ecological footprint inevitable because the Middle Class is growing quickly?
Lesson 3: An overview of global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of:
Lesson 3: An overview of global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of:
water, including embedded water in food and manufactured goods (review from Food and Health)
Water footprint: measure of how much water is used in human activities (overlap with Food and Health)
Fill out the geopod handout as you watch
Exercise:
Exercise:
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the infographic above.
Define
Water Footprint (explain how it is measured)
Blue Water
Green water
Grey water
Virtual (embedded) water
Describe how the following trends can increase water footprint
Population growth
Growing middle class
Growth of tourism
Urbanization
Climate change
How do these increase the pressure to manage water more efficiently?
Watch this TEDx Talk for Homework
Discussion:
Discussion:
What will be the impact of Global Climate Change and the growing middle class on on:
What will be the impact of Global Climate Change and the growing middle class on on:
-water availability and consumption?
-water availability and consumption?
-food availability and consumption?
-food availability and consumption?
Lesson 4: Food and Land:
An overview of global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of land/food, including changing diets in middle-income countries
Lesson 4: Food and Land:
An overview of global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of land/food, including changing diets in middle-income countries
Hungry Planet: Food habits
National Geographic: What the world eats
Click on graph for link source
As you watch the video: make notes on his overall observations:
As you watch the video: make notes on his overall observations:
-General food shopping habits around the world
-The problems caused by intake of too many calories (obesity) in the USA.
-Impact of food globalization on the tribes in Papua New Guinea
-Transition of China into a meat diet as well as regional disparities within the country
-What the 80% rule means in Japan.
Exercise:
Exercise:
In groups of 2, find a recent news article discussing one of the following issues. Take detailed notes and share your findings to the class in this powerpoint
Middle eastern country importing water dependent food
Expansion of farmland leading to ecosystem destruction
Soil erosion
A country's SDG plan to address food security
Growing middle class impact on food security
Patterns and consequences in calorie intake around the world
Possibilities to make land more productive
Conflict over land usage related to food or water
Impact of GCC on agricultural land
Energy, including the relative and changing importance of hydrocarbons, nuclear power, renewables, new sources of modern energy
Energy, including the relative and changing importance of hydrocarbons, nuclear power, renewables, new sources of modern energy
1. Hydrocarbons (aka fossil fuels, thanks IB guys!)
1. Hydrocarbons (aka fossil fuels, thanks IB guys!)
2. Nuclear Power
2. Nuclear Power
3. Renewables
3. Renewables
Activity #2
Activity #2
In groups you will each answer one of the following question, and present your findings to the class as a skit
1: Explore a government in an LIC addressing SDG #7 - "Affordable and Clean Energy" - Explain the energy production and consumption of the country and its plan to tackle the SDG
2: Explore a government in an HIC addressing SDG #7 - "Affordable and Clean Energy" - Explain the energy production and consumption of the country and its plan to tackle the SDG
3: Describe the plan of a government to develop nuclear energy and the response from civil society and the international community.
4. Explain the impact of reducing prices of a named renewable energy on a specific region
5. Describe a government policy aimed and reducing energy consumption
6. Compare and contrast the energy efficiency of electric cars and gas powered cars
7. Explain how global development processes affect resource availability and consumption
Homework: finish the reading and watch the video below.
Homework: finish the reading and watch the video below.
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