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IB Outcome: How the impacts of population change and spatial interactions between places can be categorized and represented graphically
IB Outcome: How the impacts of population change and spatial interactions between places can be categorized and represented graphically
Discussion:
How does population increase?
How does it decrease?
How can age of marriage affect population size?
How can we measure populations?
Why is China's still growing after 30 years of "one child policy?
Why do people migrate?
Are push factors or pull factors more important when deciding to migrate?
Can you explain the trend in the graph below?
Vocab:
Crude Birth Rate (CBR): The most common measure of fertility. The number of births, per 1000 people in the population, per year. All the population is considered. Numbers like 10, 20, 40, etc.
Rates of 30+ /1000 are HIGH
Rates of below 13/1000 are LOW
(Total) Fertility Rate (T)FR): The average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime. Number of live births per female of reproductive age (15-49).
Numbers such as 2.2, 4.5.
Indicates population change over a long period of time.
Instructive about societal norms in any given culture.
A TFR of 2.1 is considered as being the replacement birth rate.
Lower than 2.1 yields population decrease while rates greater than 2.1 yields population increase.
Improvements in medical conditions lower the replacement rate (below 2.06 in many countries).
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population.
Life Expectancy: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future.
Population projection:
Population projection:
Doubling time: Rate of increase relating to time it takes population to double
70/Rate of National Increase in %, RNI (must be positive)
1% RNI = 70 year doubling time
2% RNI = 35 year doubling time
Rates of increase have risen during human history = doubling times shortened.
Question: If fertility rates decline (as they have been), what will happen to doubling times?
Knowledge gained from population projections
Knowledge gained from population projections
Demands for different goods
Needs for education or healthcare
Possible employment numbers
Foretell future problems
Imbalance of sexes ( eg: China has too many boys)
Go back to your population density case studies. Ad the following information:
Go back to your population density case studies. Ad the following information:
- CBR
- CDR
- LE
- IMR
- Any other relevant statistic
Homework:
Read Nagle and Cooke, pages 396 to 408 and complete your population distribution detailed example notes
Homework:
Read Nagle and Cooke, pages 396 to 408 and complete your population distribution detailed example notes
Lesson 2:
Lesson 2:
Dependency ratio : Number of dependents / people in productive years (age 16 to 64)
Large number’s of young or old = high dependency ratio
See textbook p. 402: Triangular Graph
Ageing dependency ratio: Number of 65+/people in productive years (age 16 to 64)
Youthful dependency ratio: Number of 0-15/people in productive years (age 16 to 64)
Exercise:
Exercise:
In groups of 2 or 3, you will create an annotated poster, using graphs, maps and population pyramids, describing trends in two contrasting countries of over time:
In groups of 2 or 3, you will create an annotated poster, using graphs, maps and population pyramids, describing trends in two contrasting countries of over time:
- population change
- demographic transition over time
- natural increase
- fertility rate
- life expectancy
- population structure
- urban vs rural population
- dependency ratios with handmade triangular graph
You will have class time to complete the posters.
You will have class time to complete the posters.
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