B4. Ocean management futures
Future possibilities for managing the oceans as a global commons
Embedded Files
Causes and consequences of increasing demand for the abiotic resources of oceans, including minerals, oil and gas (N&C p. 91-2)
Causes and consequences of increasing demand for the abiotic resources of oceans, including minerals, oil and gas (N&C p. 91-2)
In groups, pick one of the following abiotic resource and answer the questions below
In groups, pick one of the following abiotic resource and answer the questions below
- Methane Hydrate (aka, methane ice, fire ice, gas hydrate etc)
- Oil
- Natural Gas
- Manganese nodules
1. Describe the resource
1. Describe the resource
2. Show a map of the location where these resources are found
2. Show a map of the location where these resources are found
3. Explain the cause (increased usage, new technology etc) and consequences (economic, environmental, geopolitical etc) of increasing demand (usage, new technology etc)
3. Explain the cause (increased usage, new technology etc) and consequences (economic, environmental, geopolitical etc) of increasing demand (usage, new technology etc)
Present your findings in this presentation
Present your findings in this presentation
Trends in biotic resource use (fish and mammals) and the viability of alternatives to overfishing, including aquaculture, conservation areas and quotas
Trends in biotic resource use (fish and mammals) and the viability of alternatives to overfishing, including aquaculture, conservation areas and quotas
In groups, pick one of the following marine mammal and answer the questions below.
Feel free to pick a specific specie.
- Whales
- Dolphins
- Polar bears
- Sea lions
1. Describe three ways they are threatened by increased human interaction (must be direct, not GCC)
2. Explain one or two initiatives aimed at protecting their population
3. Describe a graph showing population change over time
You will present your answers to the class in this slideshow
Alternatives to Overfishing: Aquaculture
Alternatives to Overfishing: Aquaculture
As you watch the following videos, fill out the table about Aquaculture.
Use named examples when possible.
RAS - Recirculating Aquacultures Systems
RAS - Recirculating Aquacultures Systems
Alternatives to Overfishing: Conservation Areas and Quotas
Alternatives to Overfishing: Conservation Areas and Quotas
See also:
- GBR conservation conservation area (N&C Option B)
- Strategies for the European Fishing Industry N&C p. 95-6
As you watch, take detailed notes of the stakeholders and strategies put in place to protect fish population by filling out this table.
Catch Share Quotas
Catch Share Quotas
Quotas: a limited quantity of fish which under official controls can be fished out of the sea
- What would be the benefits and drawbacks of imposing quotas on fisheries?
- How could the drawbacks be addressed?
Illegal Fishing
Illegal Fishing
See also,
- Rotten S1E6, Cod is Dead, Netflix, 2018
- Appetite for Destruction, Eating Bluefin Tuna Into Extinction, Vice media, 2015
- Salmon Confidential, Documentary About Salmon Farms in Canada & Diseased Salmon, Twyla Roscovich, Alexandra Morton, alexandramorton.ca, 2013
Strengths and weaknesses of initiatives to manage ocean pollution, including local and global strategies for radioactive materials, oil and plastic waste
Strengths and weaknesses of initiatives to manage ocean pollution, including local and global strategies for radioactive materials, oil and plastic waste
Discuss:
- What areas are most affected?
- Why is there nuclear waste dumped in the ocean?
- Where does the plastic come from?
The above map tabulates the impact of the following factors on oceans
- Six different types of fishing
- Inorganic pollution
- Invasive species
- Nutrient input
- Acidification
- Impact of oil rigs
- Organic pollution
- Population pressure
- Impact of commercial shipping
- Two aspects of climate change: sea surface temperature and ultraviolet impact
Exercise
Exercise
In groups, find information on a specific initiative aimed at reducing pollution. Name the initiative, describe it's overall goal and strategy of reducing pollution, and outline it's strengths and weaknesses
- Local strategy aimed at managing radioactive materials in the ocean
- Global strategy aimed at managing radioactive materials in the ocean
- Local strategy aimed at managing oil pollution in the ocean
- Global strategy aimed at managing oil pollution in the ocean
- Local strategy aimed at managing plastic waste in the ocean
- Global strategy aimed at managing plastic waste in the ocean
Include your findings in this slideshow to present to the rest of the class
You can find good sources on my Diigo, #plastic, #pollution, #nuclear, #oil
See also:
- Garbage Island: An Ocean Full of Plastic, Vice Media, 2012
- Fabien Cousteau, The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, TEDx, 2010
- The Toxic Truth, Nuclear dumping in Somalia, People & Power, Al Jazeera, 2009
- The Oil Spill by the Numbers, Deepwater Horizon, Time, 2010
The strategic value of oceans and sources of international conflict/insecurity, including the contested ownership and control of island, canals and transit choke points (TCP)
The strategic value of oceans and sources of international conflict/insecurity, including the contested ownership and control of island, canals and transit choke points (TCP)
Discuss:
- Why is there so many US military bases in Japan?
- Why is China claiming land in the South China Sea?
- What is the debate over the Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands?
- What do you know about pirates in the 21st century?
- Do ships have to pay to go through another country's territorial waters?
Yemen is in a conflict as a proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran. The Houthi leadership has recently taken over Bab el-Mandeb, a very important TCP
Yemen is in a conflict as a proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran. The Houthi leadership has recently taken over Bab el-Mandeb, a very important TCP
One contemporary geopolitical case study focusing on a contested ocean area
One contemporary geopolitical case study focusing on a contested ocean area
As you watch the videos and read the articles below, complete a 4P case study outline, with a special focus on Power and Possibilities. Be able to explain the roles (power) of Japan and China (and the US and the UN) in the conflict, and the possible outcomes to the conflict. (possibilities)
Read the following articles:
- The Economist: Who Really owns the Senkaku Islands?
- BBC: How Uninhabited Islands soured Japan-China Ties
- Reuters: UN to consider China's claims over disputed islands
Discussion of Possibilities:
- East China Sea Peace Initiative
- Draw an equidistant line (easier said than done)
- What about a nature reserve?
See also:
- N&C p. 102-3 (South China Sea)
- My Diigo Tag: Senkaku
- RT Crosstalk (25 minutes)
- Scallop wars
IB Style Questions:
1. What rights and responsibilities does a country posses when it has sovereignty over an area of ocean? [5]
2. Explain two differences between sovereignty rights and EEZs. [2+2]
Choose 1:
3. Choose a current (ongoing) geopolitical conflict over an ocean resource that is not fishing. Describe the conflict and its implications and then suggest a realistic solution to the conflict. [10]
or
3. “Geopolitical conflicts over oceans, including their resources, will only get worse in the future.” Discuss this statement. [10] (m15-3c)
Synthesis (Sy), Evaluation (Ev) and Skills (Sk) opportunities
Synthesis (Sy), Evaluation (Ev) and Skills (Sk) opportunities
How changes in one part of an ocean or coastal margin may bring spatial interactions with other parts/places [Sy]
How ocean exploitation and management take place at varying scales [Sy/Ev]
Varying perspectives on the costs, benefits and effectiveness of management [Ev]
How ocean and atmospheric systems, and their interactions, can be represented graphically [Sk]
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