Throughout my 4-week attachment with the Digital Fabrication Space (DFS) in Science Centre Singapore, I embarked on 3 different projects, namely: a 5cm cube with 2 partitions [Day 1-2], prototypes of a bipedal robot [Day 2-10] and a land vehicle controlled by a micro:bit [Day 10-14]. Through doing these projects, I refreshed my LibreCAD (2D Designing Software) skills, learnt basic 3D designing skills (via the 3D designing software -- Onshape), refreshed my Python coding skills and learnt a lot about the prototyping process.
The department we were assigned to in Science Center was the Digital Fabrication Space (DFS). DFS engages school groups in STEM workshops, through which the students get the opportunity to work with the tools involved in digital fabrication as well as gain corresponding skill sets. They also facilitate vibrant internships (such as ours) as well as purposeful partner-run programmes by Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) and industry. These initiatives dovetail perfectly, enabling the DFS to transcend its functionality as a mere space for activity into an endearing and dynamic gateway to STEM education. By acquiring the STEM Mindset, learners gain the confidence to harness technology and apply that competently in problem solving, prototyping and product development.
The Digital Fabrication Space is located within the Einstein Room on level two of Science Centre Singapore.
Two years ago, I participated in the Work Experience Programme (WEP) in CRADLΣ (Centre for Research and Applied Learning in Science). From there, I had the opportunity to pick up basic 2D designing skills (via LibreCAD). As such, in order for me to revise my LibreCAD skills, I embarked on my first project -- laser-cutting a piece of acrylic to form a 5cm cube with 2 partitions when pieced together.
According to Cambridge Dictionary, "bipedal" means: walking on two legs, or relating to this movement. For my second project, I had to design a bipedal robot after watching a short video on a DIY robot, using rods, straws, and either through laser-cutting or 3D-printing.
Previously, DFS built an underwater vehicle that was controlled by the movements of a micro:bit. For my third project, I was tasked to adapt this previously-built underwater vehicle into a land one, through redesigning certain parts and recoding. The commands given to the land vehicle was through tilting the hand-held micro:bit along the x and y axes.
Screenshot of code for receiver (micro:bit on land vehicle)
I managed to revise by LibreCAD skills through designing and laser-cutting this cube. I was glad that there was only one further adjustment that was required, as one of the holes in the exterior of the box was off by 1mm.
Through this project, I investigated 4 aspects of the robot design, with the goal of coming up with the best (most stable) design. These 4 aspects were: laser-cutting or 3D-printing, adding or removing guide rods, adding or removing a 'toe' and adding or removing a ring for the guide rods
I managed to adapt the design of the underwater vehicle into a land one and recode such that the wheels of the land vehicle rotated according to the commands given. However, when I placed the vehicle on the floor, it was unable to move. As such, I had to build another model of the land vehicle, this time using a magician chassis.
The projects were quite different, and so I faced different challenges with varying levels of difficulty for the 3 projects. The first project was pretty straightforward, so I did not face much difficulty working on it. However, the next two projects were more challenging and so I needed to overcome more challenges before I could come up with a finalised version for the two projects. I'll be talking about some of the challenges faced when working on the second and third projects.
When working on the prototypes of the bipedal robot, some challenges I faced included the solder being pulled off from the D.C. Motor, pieces of acrylic breaking, wires breaking and gluing the pieces of acrylic together using acrylic glue. I managed to overcome this through only using wires with a suitable length, crimping the wires and using a heat shrink tubing.
For the land vehicle controlled by micro:bit, the main challenge was to initially glue the pieces of acrylic together with acrylic glue and hot glue. Initially the pieces of acrylic were still unable to be glued together even after using a lot of acrylic glue and holding them together for long periods of time. In the end, we decided to just apply tension and leave the pieces there overnight. This idea worked, and the pieces never came apart again.
After my second cutting, I managed to put the 5cm cube with 2 partitions together.
After settling on the final design of the robot, I designed a casing for the robot that also houses the battery pack.
Picture of Final Land Vehicle Created
Video of Land Vehicle being Controlled by micro:bit
Even though I had learnt basic 2D designing skills via LibreCAD 2 years ago during Science Centre's Centre for Research and Applied Learning in Science (CRADLΣ)'s Work Experience Programme, I had the opportunity to revise my skills in that area through first laser-cutting a 5cm cube with 2 partitions. In addition, I also had the opportunity to learn a bit of CorelDraw (a more advanced 2D designing software). Lastly, I also learnt how to use Onshape to create 3D designs to 3D-print.
When embarking on my second project (prototypes of a bipedal robot), I carried out all my above mentioned investigations via prototyping and testing. From this, I learnt a lot about the prototyping process and how those in this field come to an outcome through this process.
Throughout my attachment with DFS, I had to use both the laser-cutter and 3D-printer. As such, I learnt how to operate these, the safety precautions that I have to be aware of and in the case of the laser-cutter, the different settings that I have to key in, as well as the consequences of keying in the wrong settings (either cannot cut through or a mini fire will be started).
Throughout our attachment, we often had to come up with new designs due to small mistakes in our design, such as forgetting to add in box joints, forgetting to account for the thickness of the acrylic or cardboard etc. Hence, it is really important that we take note of these while designing to avoid having to re-cut pieces of acrylic and wasting acrylic.
Even though we put in a lot of effort and tried very hard to think and see ahead, mistakes will still be made, and we have to learn from them and keep on improving our design. As such, it is very important that we continue to persevere even when the process may be tedious and difficult, in order to further improve our design and come out with the best design for our finished product.
When I was making the 3D-printed version of the bipedal robot, the precision of the pieces printed was very far off, and I had to resort to printing pieces of varying dimensions, in order to see which of them fits best. From this, I learnt that even when we go to great pains to enter all the correct dimensions of our design, things might still not go our way. When that happens, we have to work our way around that problem and come up with an appropriate solution to that.