Introduction
Hello our names are Nicole, Hailey, and Elise and we have a mutual love for sustainable agriculture as well as for animals. For our sustainability showcase project we decided to combine both while focusing on the mistreatment of chickens at a global/national scale and how they can actually be beneficial at a local scale, such as at the GVSU S.A.P. As you explore our sustainability project site you will gain information on the problem at hand, background information on what larger corporations are doing, the benefits of chickens, what others are doing in similar settings, and what is currently taking place at the Grand Valley S.A.P. Then we will show you our implementation plan which includes what we want to do at the S.A.P, interviews with the S.A.P manager and a campus dining representative, where chickens could be implemented at the S.A.P and what type of chickens we would use. Finally, to wrap up our project site, you will see our timeline, budget and triple bottom analysis.
Issue/Problem
How and where chickens are used in the food industry around the world and right here at GVSU
Mistreatment of chickens, raised to kill and feed consumers – not being used to their full potential
Chickens provide nutrients to soil, eat pests, shred compost, and provide fresh eggs which the S.A.P is not utilizing
Background
Major Companies Mistreatment of Chickens:
McDonald’s is the second-largest purchaser of chicken in the world. The birds undergo genetic manipulation to grow abnormally large quickly in order to provide more “meat” and they are inhumanely slaughtered using techniques like electricity that cause suffering. Hundreds of brands—including Burger King, Starbucks, and Subway—have committed to banning the cruelest practices inflicted on chickens. McDonald's has not.
Tyson is one of the largest suppliers of chicken to US grocers, food service distributors, and fast food and full service restaurant chains. Tyson’s slaughterhouses kill over two billion birds every year. Hidden cameras captured thousands of chickens suffering from untreated injuries, illnesses, and animal cruelty at Tyson contract farms.
Costco is facing lawsuits as top executives claim they have violated animal welfare laws relating to chickens. The company is known for selling the birds at much lower prices ($4.99 per rotisserie chicken) than their competitors. The lawsuit claims that breeders intentionally breed the broilers too large to stand in their own factory farms, neglecting their health and allowing the birds to die. Costco disregards the mistreatment of the chickens and continues to produce birds in this harmful manner.
There are multiple ways chickens can benefit the garden such as...
Improved soil quality = Through pecking, chickens naturally help till the soil. Chickens are able to help till new beds for gardens, till cover crops, and till in manure.
Helping compost = If you set up a specific compost area you have the opportunity to use chicken waste to create compost. You could also use a deep layer of mulch in the chicken coop to help aid in the composting process.
Providing healthy eggs = With healthy chickens come healthy eggs! In the case of the SAP, they could sell the eggs at local markets to make a profit.
Pest control = Chickens love to feed on pests in your garden, which provides a natural form of pest control.
Weed control = Through pecking and foraging, chickens also provide a natural source of weed control.
What Others Are Already Doing:
Michigan State University has a poultry teaching and research center. However, it is not a sustainable chicken farm. Their mission is to provide facilities for people interested in the poultry industry to learn about it. They also do research to benefit poultry producers in Michigan.
RC Organic Farms in Macomb, MI is a solar-powered organic farm that raises organic chickens to sell them. Since they are organic, their farm attracts thousands of birds, bees, wildflowers, and butterflies. They are Macomb's only solar-powered organic farm.
Current State of the S.A.P:
Currently, there are no chickens at the S.A.P. However, there are bees that provide honey and earn profits for the S.A.P, so we decided to explore if farm fresh eggs could do the same. We orginally thought the eggs could be sold to campus or local buyers, but the interviews conducted below suggest otherwise. Instead, we believe the eggs could be sold to students at the farmer's market put on by the S.A.P during harvest season to promote local business. The chickens and their products can also support educational purposes in the matter of farm to table. The public can visit the S.A.P to witness the chickens roaming the farm and learn the benefits brought upon by these birds before purchasing eggs.
Implementation
What we want to do:
We would like to introduce chickens to the S.A.P for multiple purposes such as turning the soil, fertilization, education, and collecting eggs. As far as the education aspect, MSU offers a class for community members about raising backyard poultry. If there were chickens at the S.A.P, GVSU could introduce a course about the relationship between chickens and the garden, as well as sustainable chicken use at the local level. Collecting eggs, could be useful for both luring in customers at the S.A.P farmers' market which would help add to the organizations profits, and it would be useful in enhancing the S.A.P's partnership with Grand Valley's campus dining by providing fresh eggs in addition to produce.
Interviews:
The S.A.P has not utilized chickens yet for two reasons – lack of facility and food safety. However, once the S.A.P grows in size they would love to bring chickens into the mix. Some of the biggest pros they see from using chickens is diversification of growing profilo (being able to use eggs/chickens to lure customers in) and chicken manure (which is a nutrient dense soil amendment). Management is the biggest con, but if education opportunities, like college courses or internships, were to be introduced then students/volunteers could help out. There is a common misconception that chickens/eggs are unsustainable, but if done correctly, this process can be regenerative.
Campus dining has pledged to only source products that align with their mission goals to the planet which include purchasing cage free eggs since 2011, and purchasing products that guarantee the ethical and humane treatment of animals. Another goal they focus on is locally sourcing products to help keep money in the community and ensure products are ethically sourced and produced. Campus Dining and the S.A.P have had a partnership agreement since 2014 to purchase produce grown at the S.A.P, which could easily include eggs in the future.
Where can Chickens be implemented at the S.A.P?
The S.A.P was created in 2008 by a group of Grand Valley students. It has grown tremendously over the years and currently contains multiple hoop houses, garage space used for harvesting and processing foods, several raised graden bed fields, a bee hive shed, and pasture lands.
This image shows the estimated new location of the chicken coop based on the S.A.P managers recommendation ("east of garage") since it is close to the garage and the pasture land. The chickens would be free to roam the pasture lands during the day and returned to their coop at night.
This highly functional designed coop house will make chicken management easier, education opportunities possible with a walk-in feature, as well as protection for chickens from predators. It can be designed to house as many chickens as desired.
Overall area: 90 sq.Ft.
Overall Dimensions: 108'' H X 120'' W X 192''
Overall Height: 9 Ft
Sidewall height: 6 Ft
Front and Back Door Height: 6 Ft. 8 In.
Front and Back Door Width: 5 Ft
Middle Chicken Door Height: 12 In.
Middle Chicken Door Width: 12 In.
The cost of materials (roof/wire siding) included in the budget below.
Which Chickens Are BEST?
Orpington Chickens (Buffs)
They are easy to confine and tolerate being picked up/handled. They lay eggs throughout the winter months (great for cold-climate farms).
Speckled Sussex Chickens
They have friendly and curious personalities and are among the most "pet-like" of any chickens and their coloring is good camouflage from predators.
American Sebright Chickens
They lay plentiful numbers of brown eggs and they can tolerate adverse weather conditions and ​terrain and are good-natured and docile.
Rhode Island Red Chickens
They are known for their high egg production. They are often calm and docile but can show signs of aggression (so minimize this type if possible)
Timeline
Budget
Triple Bottom Line Analysis
People will benefit from the chickens in multiple ways. Students on campus and the local community will have access to farm fresh eggs. People will benefit indirectly from the chickens addition to compost at the S.A.P that helps crops for the farmers market and campus dining. Locals, students, and interns can learn the process of growing food with the incoporation of farm animals such as chickens. Focusing on a larger scale, incorporating chickens into the fields can promote education of biodiversity on farms. This process can be replicated at other universities and inspire others anywhere to let their animals and crops work in harmony, overrall leading to better quality food and access to produce.
Using the chickens sustainably at the S.A.P could be regenerative. Chickens serve as a natural form of pest and weed control. With chickens on the farm, people can expect higher yields without utilizing harmful fertilizers to keep pests away. Chickens will help the land rather than harm the land. They provide compost material and aid in improving soil quality. Locally sourcing your food reduces the national or global demand that contributes to factory farming which is extremely harmful to the planet and human health. These commercial farms supply companies like the ones mentioned above that mistreat their chickens. If a greater portion of the population is aware of the benefits that stem from open food systems, such as chickens sharing the land with food sources, we could see communities and their land, rather than harmful cooperations, thrive.
Having chickens at the S.A.P will serve as a way to improve the relationship between campus dining (Laker Food Co.) and the S.A.P. It will also bring more awareness to the S.A.P through the selling of eggs at farmers markets throughout the season. Selling the eggs may not be extremly profitable on its own, but the land will become rich in natural resources. If people were to use chickens on their farm at a larger scale, they would save finanical resources because the chickens provide natural pest control and fertilizer. Their pecking helps aeartae the soil meaning less machiney and fuel would be required to work the land, cutting the cost for farm management. Farmers could even harvest their own birds rather than buying them from other sources. There are many financial benefits and profitbale opportunties that can be leveraged with raising animals on farmland.
Works Cited: