The Westminster Larger Catechism (Bible Presbyterian) |
威斯敏斯德大教理问答（笃信圣经长老会）

Q. 1. What is the chief and highest end of man?

A. Man's chief and highest end is to glorify God, and fully to enjoy him for ever.

1问：人生最重要、最崇高的目的是什么？

答：人生最重要、最崇高的目的就是荣耀上帝（罗11:36；林前10:31），完全以祂为乐，直到永远（诗73:24－28；约17:21－23）。

Q. 2. How doth it appear that there is a God?

A. The very light of nature in man, and the works of God, declare plainly that there is a God; but his Word and Spirit only, do sufficiently and effectually reveal him unto men for their salvation.

2问：如何晓得有上帝存在呢？

答：人心中的自然之光和上帝的作为，都在明明地宣告上帝的存在（罗1:19-20；诗19:1－3；徒17:28）；但是，人要得救，惟独上帝的圣言和圣灵才能充分、有效地向人启示祂（林前2:9-10；提后3:15－17；赛59:21）。

Q. 3. What is the Word of God?

A. The holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament are the Word of God, the only rule of faith and obedience.

3问：上帝的圣言是什么？

答：旧新约圣经就是上帝的圣言（提后3:16；彼后1:19－21），是信仰与顺服的惟一准则（弗2:20；启22:18，19；赛8:20；路16:29，31；加1:8-9；提后3:15，16）。

Q. 4. How doth it appear that the Scriptures are the Word of God?

A. The Scriptures manifest themselves to be the Word of God, by their majesty and purity, by the consent of all the parts, and the scope of the whole, which is to give all glory to God; by their light and power to convince and convert sinners, to comfort and build up believers unto salvation; but the Spirit of God bearing witness by and with the Scriptures in the heart of man, is alone able to fully persuade it that they are the very Word of God.

4问：如何晓得圣经就是上帝的圣言呢？

答：圣经是上帝的圣言，由以下方面可知：

（1）圣经体裁的庄严（何8:12；林前2:6-7，13；诗119:18，129），教理的纯正（诗12:6；诗119:140），各部的契合（徒10:43；26:22），范围的全备（全归荣耀于上帝）（罗3:19，27）；

（2）使罪人知罪、归正，使信徒得安慰、得造就，以致最终使人得救的亮光和力量（徒18:28；来4:12；雅1:18；诗19:7－9；罗15:4；徒20:32），都证明圣经是上帝的圣言；

（3）但是，惟独上帝的圣灵，藉着并同着圣经在人心中的见证，才能完全使人信服圣经确实是上帝的圣言（约16:13-14；约壹2:20，27；约20:31）。

Q. 5. What do the Scriptures principally teach?

A. The Scriptures principally teach, what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.

5问：圣经对人主要的教训是什么？

答：圣经对人主要的教训是：人对上帝当信什么，上帝要人当尽什么本分（提后1:13）。

Q. 6. What do the Scriptures make known of God?

A. The Scriptures make known what God is, the persons in the Godhead, his decrees, and the execution of his decrees.

6问：圣经显明上帝的什么方面？

答：圣经显明：

（1）上帝是怎样的上帝（来11:6）；

（2）上帝的位格（约贰5:17）；

（3）上帝的预旨（徒15:14－15，18）及其施行（徒4:27－28）。

Q. 7. What is God?

A. God is a Spirit, in and of himself infinite in being, glory, blessedness, and perfection; all-sufficient, eternal, unchangeable, incomprehensible, everywhere present, almighty, knowing all things, most wise, most holy, most just, most merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth.

7问：上帝是怎样的上帝？

答：（1）上帝是个灵（约4:24），祂的存有（出3:14；伯11:7－9）、荣耀（徒7:2）、可赞（提前6:15）和完全（太5:48），在祂自身都是无限的；

（2）上帝自足（创17:1），永恒（诗90:2），永不改变（玛3:6；雅1:17），不可测度（王上8:27），无所不在（诗139:1－13），无所不能（启4:8），无所不知（来4:13；诗147:5），至智（罗16:27），至圣（赛6:3；启15:4），至公（申32:4），至慈，长久忍耐，有丰盛的慈爱和诚实（出34:6）。

Q. 8. Are there more Gods than one?

A. There is but one only, the living and true God.

8问：上帝是独一的吗？

答：上帝是独一无二、又真又活的（申6:4；林前8:4，6；耶10:10）。

Q. 9. How many persons are there in the Godhead?

A. There be three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost: these three are one true, eternal God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory; although distinguished by their personal properties.

9问：上帝共有几个位格？

答：上帝共有三个位格：圣父，圣子，圣灵；这三个位格是同一真实、永恒的上帝，同质，同权，同荣；但各有不同的特性（约壹5:7；太3:16－17；28:19；林后13:14；约10:30）。

Q. 10. What are the personal properties of the three persons in the Godhead?

A. It is proper to the Father to beget the Son, and to the Son to be begotten of the Father, and to the Holy Ghost to proceed from the Father and the Son, from all eternity.

10问：上帝的这三个位格各有什么特性？

答：在永恒中，圣父生圣子（来1:5－6，8），圣子受生于圣父（约1:14，18），圣灵由圣父与圣子发出（约15:26；加4:6）。

Q. 11. How doth it appear that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father?

A. The Scriptures manifest that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father, ascribing unto them such names, attributes, works, and worship, as are proper to God only.

11问：如何晓得圣子、圣灵与圣父同为上帝？

答：圣经把惟独属于上帝的名字（赛6:3，5，8；比较约12:41；徒28:25；约壹5:20；徒5:3－4）、属性（约1:1；赛9:6；约2:24－25；林前2:10－11）、作为（西1:16；创1:2）和敬拜（太28:19；林后13:14），也归于圣子和圣灵，这就显明祂们与圣父同为上帝。

Q. 12. What are the decrees of God?

A. God's decrees are the wise, free, and holy acts of the counsel of his will, whereby, from all eternity, he hath, for his own glory, unchangeably foreordained whatsoever comes to pass in time, especially concerning angels and men.

12问：上帝的预旨是什么？

答：上帝的预旨乃是祂旨意的智慧、自由、圣洁的行动计划（弗1:11；罗11:33；9:14－15，18），由此祂从永世便为祂自己的荣耀，不变地预定了历史中要发生的一切（弗1:4，11；罗9:22－23；诗33:11），特别是关于天使和人类之事。

Q. 13. What hath God especially decreed concerning angels and men?

A. God, by an eternal and immutable decree, out of his mere love, for the praise of his glorious grace, to be manifested in due time, hath elected some angels to glory; and in Christ hath chosen some men to eternal life, and the means thereof; and also, according to his sovereign power, and the unsearchable counsel of his own will (whereby he extendeth or withholdeth favor as he pleaseth,) hath passed by, and foreordained the rest to dishonor and wrath, to be for the sin inflicted, to the praise of the glory of his justice.

13问：关于天使和人类，上帝特别的预旨是什么？

答：关于天使和人类，上帝特别的预旨是：

（1）上帝惟独出于祂自己的慈爱，为了使祂荣耀的恩典得着称赞，在日期满足的时候，就藉着祂永恒不变的预旨，拣选了一部分天使得荣耀（提前5:21）；

（2）并在基督里，拣选了一部分人得永生，且预定了得永生的途径（弗1:4－6；帖后2:13－14）；

（3）并因着祂的主权和不可测度的旨意（祂由此随己意施与恩典，或不施与），置其余的人于不顾，预定他们因自身的罪而遭受羞辱和震怒，使祂荣耀的公义得着称赞（罗9:17－18，21－22；太11:25－26；提后2:20；犹4；彼前2:8）。

Q. 14. How doth God execute his decrees?

A. God executeth his decrees in the works of creation and providence; according to his infallible foreknowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of his own will.

14问：上帝怎样实施祂的预旨？

答：上帝根据祂无谬的预知，并祂自由且不变的旨意，在创造和护理之工中，实施祂的预旨（弗1:11）。

Q. 15. What is the work of creation?

A. The work of creation is that wherein God did in the beginning, by the word of his power, make of nothing the world and all things therein for himself, within the space of six days, and all very good.

15问：上帝的创造之工是什么？

答：上帝的创造之工就是：起初，上帝用祂权能的话，为祂自己，在六日之内，从无中创造了世界及其中的万物，并且都是很好的（创1；来11:3；箴16:4）。

Q. 16. How did God create angels?

A. God created all the angels, spirits, immortal, holy, excelling in knowledge, mighty in power, to execute his commandments, and to praise his name, yet subject to change.

16问：上帝怎样造天使？

答：上帝创造了所有的天使（西1:16），乃是灵体（诗104:4）、不灭（太22:30）、圣洁（太25:31）、卓有知识（撒下14:17；太24:36）、大有权能（帖后1:7），为的是执行上帝的吩咐，赞美祂的圣名（诗103:20－21），但天使能够改变（彼后2:4）。

Q. 17. How did God create man?

A. After God had made all other creatures, he created man, male and female; formed the body of the man of the dust of the ground, and the woman of the rib of the man; endued them with living, reasonable, and immortal souls, made them after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, having the law of God written in their hearts and power to fulfill it, with dominion over the creatures; yet subject to fall.

17问：上帝怎样造人的？

答：（1）上帝在创造了其它各样受造物之后就造了人，乃是造男造女（创1:27）；

（2）用地上的泥土造了男人的身体（创2:7），用男人的肋骨造了女人的身体（创2:22），赋予他们活泼的、理性的、不灭的灵魂（创2:7；伯35:11；传12:7；太10:28；路23:43）；

（3）按祂自己的形像造了他们（创1:27），有知识（西3:10）、公义和圣洁（弗4:24）；

（4）把上帝的律法刻在他们的心中（罗2:14－15），并赐给他们遵行的力量（传7:29），和治理万物的权柄（创1:28）；但人也能够堕落（创3:6；传7:29）。

Q. 18. What are God's works of providence?

A. God's works of providence are his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving, and governing all his creatures; ordering them, and all their actions, to his own glory.

18问：上帝的护理之工是什么？

答：上帝的护理之工是:

（1）祂至圣（诗145:17）、至智（诗104:24；赛28:29）、至能地保守（来1:3）并治理（诗103:19）祂所创造的万有；

（2）祂统管它们，以及它们所有的行动（太10:29－31；创45:7），使祂自己得荣耀（罗11:36；赛63:14）。

Q. 19. What is God's providence toward the angels?

A. God by his providence permitted some of the angels, willfully and irrecoverably, to fall into sin and damnation, limiting and ordering that, and all their sins, to his own glory; and established the rest in holiness and happiness; employing them all, at his pleasure, in the administration of his power, mercy, and justice.

19问：上帝对天使的护理是什么？

答：为使自己得荣耀，上帝藉其护理，

（1）容许某些天使，故意地、不可挽回地堕落在罪和毁灭之中（犹6；彼后2:4；来2:16；约8:44），并对此以及他们所有的罪加以限制和统管（伯1:12；太8:31）；

（2）使其余的天使在圣洁和喜乐之中得以坚固（提前5:21；可8:38；来12:22）；

（3）又随自己的美意使用他们（诗104:4），施行祂的权柄、怜悯和公义（王下19:35；来1:14）。

Q. 20. What was the providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created?

A. The providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created, was, the placing him in paradise, appointing him to dress it, giving him liberty to eat of the fruit of the earth, putting the creatures under his dominion, and ordaining marriage for his help; affording him communion with himself; instituting the Sabbath, entering into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of personal, perfect, and perpetual obedience, of which the tree of life was a pledge; and forbidding to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death.

20问：上帝对起初受造状态中的人有什么护理？

答：上帝对起初受造状态中的人有以下的护理:

（1）把他安置在乐园里，吩咐他修理看守，赐给他吃地上各样果子的自由（创2:8，15－16）；

（2）万物都置于他的治理之下（创1:28），并设立婚姻帮助他（创2:18）；

（3）为他提供与上帝的交通（创1:26－29；创3:8）；

（4）设立安息日（创2:3）；

（5）以个人、完全、持续的顺服为条件（加3:12；罗10:5），与他立生命之约，生命树就是此约的信物（创2:9）；

（6）禁止他吃分别善恶树上的果子，违约的惩罚就是死（创2:17）。

Q. 21. Did man continue in that estate wherein God at first created him?

A. Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, through the temptation of Satan, transgressed the commandment of God in eating the forbidden fruit; and thereby fell from the estate of innocency wherein they were created.

21问：我们的始祖守住起初受造的状况了吗？

答：我们的始祖既有意志的自由，因着撒但的诱惑，吃了禁果，违背了上帝的诫命，就从起初受造的无罪状况中堕落了（创3:6－8，13；传7:29；林后11:3）。

Q. 22. Did all mankind fall in that first transgression?

A. The covenant being made with Adam as a public person, not for himself only, but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression.

22问：全人类都在亚当的首次犯罪中堕落了吗？

答：因为上帝与亚当立约的时候，亚当作为众人的代表，不仅是为自己，也是为他的后裔立约，所以那藉常例而生，由他传下的全人类（徒17:26），都在他里面犯了罪，在他的首次犯罪中与他一同堕落了（创2:16－17；罗5:12－20；林前15:21－22）。

Q. 23. Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

A. The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.

23问：堕落使人类处于什么状况之中？

答：堕落使人处于罪恶和愁苦的状况之中（罗5:12；3:23）。

Q. 24. What is sin?

A. Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of any law of God, given as a rule to the reasonable creature.

24问：罪是什么？

答：罪就是不遵行或违背上帝的任何一条律法，律法是上帝赐给有理性的受造物的标准（约壹3:4；加3:10，12）。

Q. 25. Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

A. The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consisteth in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of that righteousness wherein he was created, and the corruption of his nature, whereby he is utterly indisposed, disabled and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that continually; which is commonly called original sin, and from which do proceed all actual transgressions.

25问：堕落后，人陷于怎样的罪恶状况中？

答：堕落后，人陷于以下的罪恶状况中：亚当第一次犯罪所负的罪债（罗5:12，19），受造时公义的丧失和整个人性的败坏，由此而对一切属灵的善彻底嫌恶，也无能为力，而且背道而驰，一心倾向各样邪恶，并持续如此（罗3:10－19；弗2:1－3；罗5:6；8:7－8；创6:5）；这就是通常所说的原罪，并由此生发各样的本罪（雅1:14－15；太15:19）。

Q. 26. How is original sin conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity?

A. Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way are conceived and born in sin.

26问：原罪如何从我们的始祖传递到他们的后裔？

答：原罪从我们的始祖传递到他们的后裔，是藉着自然的生殖。因此，所有以此方式从他们生出的人，都是在罪中受孕、出生的（诗51:5；伯14:4；15:14；约3:6）。

Q. 27. What misery did the fall bring upon mankind?

A. The fall brought upon mankind the loss of communion with God, his displeasure and curse; so as we are by nature children of wrath, bond slaves to Satan, and justly liable to all punishments in this world and that which is to come.

27问：堕落给人带来什么愁苦？

答：堕落使人类丧失了与上帝的交通（创3:8，10，24），招致祂的不悦和咒诅；因此，我们生来就是可怒之子（弗2:2－3）、撒但的奴仆（提后2:26），按照公义，我们今生和来世所受的一切惩罚都是当得的（创2:17；哀3:39；罗6:23；太25:41，46；犹7）。

Q. 28. What are the punishments of sin in this world?

A. The punishments of sin in this world are either inward, as blindness of mind, a reprobate sense, strong delusions, hardness of heart, horror of conscience, and vile affections; or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sakes, and all other evils that befall us in our bodies, names, estates, relations, and employments; together with death itself.

28问：罪在今生所带来的惩罚是什么？

答：罪在今生所带来的惩罚有：

（1）内在的惩罚：如悟性的混昧（弗4:18），被弃的感觉（罗1:28），强烈的妄想（帖后2:11），心灵的刚硬（罗2:5），良心的惧怕（赛33:14；创4:13；太27:4），和情感的卑劣（罗1:26）。

（2）外在的惩罚：如上帝因我们犯罪的缘故咒诅世界（创3:17），有各样的灾难临到我们的身体、名誉、财产、关系和职业（申28:15－18），还有死亡（罗6:21，23）。

Q. 29. What are the punishments of sin in the world to come?

A. The punishments of sin in the world to come, are everlasting separation from the comfortable presence of God, and most grievous torments in soul and body, without intermission, in hell fire for ever.

29问：罪在来生所带来的惩罚是什么？

答：罪在来生所带来的惩罚是:与上帝美好的同在永远隔绝，灵魂和身体永远在地狱的烈火中遭受极难忍受的煎熬，永不止息（帖后1:9；可9:43－44，46，48；路16:24）。

Q. 30. Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A. God doth not leave all men to perish in the estate of sin and misery, into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Works, but of his mere love and mercy delivereth his elect out of it, and bringeth them into an estate of salvation by the second covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Grace.

30问：上帝任凭全人类在罪恶和愁苦中灭亡吗？

答：不是。全人类都落入罪恶和愁苦中（帖前5:9），是因为第一个约被违背了，即通常所说的行为之约（加3:10，12）；但上帝并没有任凭他们都在这一状态中灭亡；相反，惟独出于祂的慈爱和怜悯，藉着第二个约，即通常所说的恩典之约，把祂的选民从中救拔出来，带领他们进入得救的状态（多3:4－7；加3:21；罗3:20－22）。

Q. 31. With whom was the Covenant of Grace made?

A. The Covenant of Grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed.

31问：上帝与谁立此恩典之约呢？

答：这恩典之约是与作为第二个亚当的基督而立的，并在祂里面，与作为其后裔的所有选民而立的（加3:16；罗5:15-21；赛53:10－11）。

Q. 32. How is the grace of God manifested in the second covenant?

A. The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to sinners a mediator, and life and salvation by him; and, requiring faith as the condition to interest them in him, promiseth and giveth his Holy Spirit to all his elect, to work in them that faith, with all other saving graces; and to enable them unto all holy obedience, as the evidence of the truth of their faith, and thankfulness to God, and as the way which he hath appointed them to salvation.

32问：上帝的恩典是如何在第二个约中显明的？

答：上帝的恩典显明在第二个约之中，

（1）在此约里白白地向罪人提供了一位中保（创3:15；赛42:6；约6:27），使他们靠祂得生命和救恩（约壹5:11－12）；

（2）并要求以信心作为与祂联合的条件（约3:16；1:12），应许并赐给祂的选民圣灵（箴1:23），在他们心中生成这种信心（林后4:13），及其它与救恩相伴的美德（加5:22－23）；

（3）使他们能够虔敬顺服（结36:27），作为真信心（雅2:18，22）和对上帝感恩（林后5:14－15）的凭据，这一切就是祂所命定给他们的得救之路（弗2:18）。

Q. 33. Was the Covenant of Grace always administered after one and the same manner?

A. The Covenant of Grace was not always administered after the same manner, but the administrations of it under the Old Testament were different from those under the New.

33问：这恩典之约始终是以同一种方式施行吗？

答：这恩典之约并非始终是以同一种方式施行，在旧约之下的施行与在新约之下的施行并不相同（林后3:6－9）。

Q. 34. How was the Covenant of Grace administered under the Old Testament?

A. The Covenant of Grace was administered under the Old Testament, by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the passover, and other types and ordinances; which did all fore-signify Christ then to come, and were for that time sufficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah, by whom they then had full remission of sin and eternal salvation.

34问：在旧约之下，这恩典之约是如何施行的？

答：在旧约之下，这恩典之约是藉着应许（罗15:8）、预言（徒3:20，24）、献祭（来10:1）、割礼（罗4:11）、逾越节（林前5:7）及其它预表和各种蒙恩之道而施行的。这些都是以后来临的基督的预表，在那时足够建造选民对所应许的弥赛亚的信心（来8，9，10；11:13），使他们因祂过犯得以完全赦免，得蒙永远的救恩（加3:7－9，14）。

Q. 35. How is the Covenant of Grace administered under the New Testament?

A. Under the New Testament, when Christ the substance was exhibited, the same Covenant of Grace was and still is to be administered in the preaching of the Word, and the administration of the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper; in which grace and salvation are held forth in more fullness, evidence, and efficacy to all nations.

35问：在新约之下，这恩典之约是如何施行的？

答：在新约之下，恩典之约的实体（基督）显明出来，这同一恩典之约过去是、现在仍然是藉着圣言的传讲（可16:15）、洗礼（太28:19－20）和圣餐（林前11:23－25）的施行而施行的；其中，恩典和救赎更丰盛、更显明、更有果效地向列国万民发出（林后3:6－9；来8:6，10－11；太28:19）。

Q. 36. Who is the Mediator of the Covenant of Grace?

A. The only Mediator of the Covenant of Grace is the Lord Jesus Christ, who being the eternal Son of God, of one substance and equal with the Father, in the fullness of time became man, and so was, and continues to be, God and man, in two entire distinct natures, and one person, for ever.

36问：谁是这恩典之约的中保？

答：这恩典之约的惟一中保就是主耶稣基督（提前2:5），祂是上帝的永恒之子，与父同质同权（约1:1，14；10:30；腓2:6），及至时候满足，降世为人（加4:4），从那时起就一直是上帝和人，两性全然不同，存于一个位格之中，直到永远（路1:35；罗9:5；西2:9；来7:24－25）。

Q. 37. How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?

A. Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance, and born of her, yet without sin.

37问：上帝之子基督是如何降世为人的？

答：上帝之子基督降世为人，是自己取了人实在的身体和理性的灵魂（约1:14；太26:38），藉着圣灵的大能在童贞女马利亚腹中成孕，由她取了人性，从她出生（路1:27，31，35，42；加4:4），只是没有罪（来4:15；来7:26）。

Q. 38. Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God?

A. It was requisite that the Mediator should be God, that he might sustain and keep the human nature from sinking under the infinite wrath of God, and the power of death; give worth and efficacy to his sufferings, obedience and intercession; and to satisfy God's justice, procure his favor, purchase a peculiar people, give his Spirit to them, conquer all their enemies, and bring them to everlasting salvation.

38问：为什么这一中保必须是上帝呢？

答：这一中保必须是上帝，

（1）如此祂才能维系并保持其人性，不至于在上帝的无限愤怒和死亡的权势之下沉沦（徒2:24－25；罗1:4，比较罗4:25；来9:14）；

（2）使祂的受苦、顺服和代祷有价值和果效（徒20:28；来9:14；7:25－28）；

（3）满足上帝的公义（罗3:24－26），获得祂的恩宠（弗1:6；太3:17），赎买一群特定的子民（多2:13－14），把祂的灵赐给他们（加4:6），征服他们所有的仇敌（路1:68－69，71，74），使他们永远得救（来5:8－9；9:11－15）。

Q. 39. Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be man?

A. It was requisite that the Mediator should be man, that he might advance our nature, perform obedience to the law, suffer and make intercession for us in our nature, have a fellow-feeling of our infirmities; that we might receive the adoption of sons, and have comfort and access with boldness unto the throne of grace.

39问：为什么这一中保必须是人呢？

答：这一中保必须是人，

（1）如此祂才能增进我们的性情（来2:16），顺服律法（加4:4），在我们的性情中为我们受苦，并为我们代祷（来2:14；7:24－25），体恤我们的软弱（来4:15）；

（2）并使我们可以得儿子的名分（加4:5），得安慰，坦然无惧地来到施恩宝座前（来4:16）。

Q. 40. Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God and man in one person?

A. It was requisite that the Mediator, who was to reconcile God and man, should himself be both God and man, and this in one person, that the proper works of each nature might be accepted of God for us, and relied on by us, as the works of the whole person.

40问：为什么这一中保必须既是上帝又是人，且在一个位格中呢？

答：这一中保，既然要使上帝与人和好，就必须自己既是上帝又是人，且在一个位格之中，使每一性都各尽其职，作为整个位格的工作为我们而被上帝悦纳（太1:21，23；3:17；来9:14），并且成为我们的依靠（彼前2:6）。

Q. 41. Why was our Mediator called Jesus?

A. Our Mediator was called Jesus, because he saveth his people from their sins.

41问：为什么我们的中保被称为耶稣呢？

答：我们的中保之所以被称为耶稣，是因为祂要把祂自己的百姓从罪中救出来（太1:21）。

Q. 42. Why was our Mediator called Christ?

A. Our Mediator was called Christ, because he was anointed with the Holy Ghost above measure; and so set apart, and fully furnished with all authority and ability, to execute the office of prophet, priest, and king of his Church, in the estate both of his humiliation and exaltation.

42问：为什么我们的中保被称为基督呢？

答：我们的中保之所以被称为基督，是因为祂受圣灵无限量地膏抹（约3:34；诗45:7）；并分别出来，具备各样的权柄和能力（约6:27；太28:18－20），为其教会（腓2:8－11）执行先知（徒3:21－22；路4:18，21）、祭司（来5:5－7；4:14－15）与君王（诗2:6，太21:5；赛9:6－7）的职分，祂处于升高和降卑中都是如此。

Q. 43. How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet?

A. Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in his revealing to the Church, in all ages, by his Spirit and Word, in divers ways of administration, the whole will of God, in all things concerning their edification and salvation.

43问：基督怎样履行先知的职分？

答：基督藉着祂的圣灵和圣言（彼前1:10－12），在各个时代，以各种不同的施行方式（来1:1－2），在关乎他们的造就和救赎的一切事宜上（徒20:32；弗4:11－13；约20:31），向教会启示（约1:18）上帝全备的旨意（约15:15），如此便履行了先知的职分。

Q. 44. How doth Christ execute the office of a priest?

A. Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering himself a sacrifice without spot to God, to be a reconciliation for the sins of his people; and in making continual intercession for them.

44问：基督如何履行祭司的职分？

答：基督为祂百姓的罪，将自己作为无瑕疵的祭品，一次向上帝献上（来9:14，28），使上帝与他们和好（来2:17），并为他们继续代祷（来7:25），如此就履行了祭司的职分。

Q. 45. How doth Christ execute the office of a king?

A. Christ executeth the office of a king, in calling out of the world a people to himself; and giving them officers, laws, and censures, by which he visibly governs them: in bestowing saving grace upon his elect, rewarding their obedience, and correcting them for their sins, preserving and supporting them under all their temptations and sufferings, restraining and overcoming all their enemies, and powerfully ordering all things for his own glory, and their good; and also in taking vengeance on the rest, who know not God, and obey not the gospel.

45问：基督如何履行君王的职分？

答：基督履行君王的职分，

（1）祂从世界中召出一个民族归祂自己（徒15:14－16；赛55:4－5；创49:10；诗110:3），赐给他们圣职人员（弗4:11－12；林前12:28）、律法（赛33:22）和裁决，祂以此有形的方式治理他们（太18:17－18；林前5:4－5）；

（2）把救赎恩典赐给选民（徒5:31），报偿他们的顺服（启22:12；2:10），纠正他们的过犯（启3:19），在各样的试探和苦难中保守并支持他们（赛63:9），遏制并战胜他们所有的仇敌（林前15:25；诗110:1－2），为祂自己的荣耀（罗14:10－11），并为他们的益处（罗8:28），大有权能地吩咐万有；

（3）并报应其余那些不认识上帝、不顺服福音的人（帖后1:8－9；诗2:8－9）；如此就履行了君王的职分。

Q. 46. What was the estate of Christ's humiliation?

A. The estate of Christ's humiliation was that low condition, wherein he, for our sakes, emptying himself of his glory, took upon him the form of a servant, in his conception and birth, life, death, and after his death, until his resurrection.

46问：基督的降卑在于什么？

答：基督的降卑在于祂为了我们的缘故，倒空自己的荣耀，取了奴仆的样式，受孕、降生、生活、受死，以及死后，直到复活，都处于卑微的状况中（腓2:6－8；路1:31；林后8:9；徒2:24）。

Q. 47. How did Christ humble himself in his conception and birth?

A. Christ humbled himself in his conception and birth, in that, being from all eternity the Son of God, in the bosom of the Father, he was pleased in the fullness of time to become the son of man, made of a woman of low estate, and to be born of her, with divers circumstances of more than ordinary abasement.

47问：在祂的成孕和降生中，基督是如何谦卑自己的？

答：基督在祂的成孕和降生中谦卑自己，是在于祂身为上帝的永恒之子，从父的怀中，在时候满足的时候，甘愿成为人子，由一位卑微的女人生成，且从她而生；其所处的各样环境，比一般的屈尊更甚（约1:14，18；加4:4；路2:7）。

Q. 48. How did Christ humble himself in his life?

A. Christ humbled himself in his life, by subjecting himself to the law, which he perfectly fulfilled, and by conflicting with the indignities of the world, temptations of Satan, and infirmities in his flesh, whether common to the nature of man or particularly accompanying that his low condition.

48问：在祂的生活中，基督是如何谦卑自己的？

答：基督在祂的生活中谦卑自己，是在于：

（1）祂自己顺服律法（加4:4），完美地成全律法（太5:17；罗5:19）；

（2）并且面对世上的各样侮辱（诗22:6；来12:2－3），撒但的试探（太4:1－12；路4:13），自己肉身的软弱，这些或是常见于人的性情，或是特别与祂的降卑状态相伴（来2:17－18；4:15；赛52:13－14）。

Q. 49. How did Christ humble himself in his death?

A. Christ humbled himself in his death, in that having been betrayed by Judas, forsaken by his disciples, scorned and rejected by the world, condemned by Pilate, and tormented by his persecutors; having also conflicted with the terrors of death and the powers of darkness, felt and borne the weight of God's wrath; he laid down his life an offering for sin, enduring the painful, shameful, and cursed death of the cross.

49问：在祂的受死中，基督是如何谦卑自己的？

答：基督在祂的受死中谦卑自己，是在于：

（1）为犹大背叛（太27:4），被门徒离弃（太26:56），受世人的嘲弄和弃绝（赛53:2－3），被彼拉多定罪，遭执法人员的折磨（太27:26－50；约19:34）；

（2）为死亡的恐怖、黑暗的权势所苦，承受上帝的愤怒（路22:44；太27:46），为罪舍己，作为奉献（赛53:10），忍受十字架上痛苦的、羞耻的、受咒诅的死亡（腓2:8；来12:2；加3:13）。

Q. 50. Wherein consisted Christ's humiliation after his death?

A. Christ's humiliation after his death, consisted in his being buried; and continuing in the state of the dead and under the power of death till the third day, which hath been otherwise expressed in these words; He descended into hell.

50问：基督死后的降卑在于什么？

答：基督死后的降卑是在于祂被埋葬（林前15:3－4），持续处于死亡的状态中，处在死亡的权势之下，直到第三日（诗16:10；徒2:24－27，31；罗6:9；太12:40）；用另外的词汇表达，就是祂降在阴间。

Q. 51. What was the estate of Christ's exaltation?

A. The estate of Christ's exaltation comprehendeth his resurrection, ascension, sitting at the right hand of the Father, and his coming again to judge the world.

51问：基督的升高在于什么？

答：基督的升高在于祂的复活（林前15:4）、升天（可16:19），坐在父的右边（弗1:20），将来再临，审判世界（徒1:11；17:31）。

Q. 52. How was Christ exalted in his resurrection?

A. Christ was exalted in his resurrection, in that, not having seen corruption in death (of which it was not possible for him to be held,) and having the very same body in which he suffered, with the essential properties thereof, (but without mortality, and other common infirmities belonging to this life,) really united to his soul, he rose again from the dead the third day by his own power; whereby he declared himself to be the Son of God, to have satisfied divine justice, to have vanquished death and him that had the power of it, and to be Lord of quick and dead. All which he did as a public person, the head of his Church, for their justification, quickening in grace, support against enemies, and to assure them of their resurrection from the dead at the last day.

52问：在祂的复活中，基督是如何升高的？

答：基督在祂的复活中升高，在于：

（1）祂未在死亡中见朽坏，因为祂不可能被死拘禁（徒2:24，27），基督以祂受苦时同样的身体，同样的属性（路24:39），但是没有必死性，也没有其它凡人共有的软弱，真的与祂的灵魂联合（罗6:9；启1:18），祂第三天靠祂自己的权柄从死里复活（约10:18）；

（2）因此，祂宣告自己是上帝的儿子（罗1:4），满足了上帝的公义（罗8:34），征服了死亡和死亡权势的执掌者（来2:14），成为活人和死人的主（罗14:9）；

（3）祂作为公仆（林前15:21－22），教会的元首（弗1:20，22－23；西1:18），行这些事，目的是为了使他们称义（罗4:25），在恩典中长进（弗2:1，5－6；西2:12），支持他们抵挡仇敌（林前15:25－27），并保证他们在末日的时候从死里复活（林前15:20）。

Q. 53. How was Christ exalted in his ascension?

A. Christ was exalted in his ascension, in that, having after his resurrection often appeared unto and conversed with his apostles, speaking to them of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God, and giving them commission to preach the gospel to all nations, forty days after his resurrection, he, in our nature and as our head, triumphing over enemies, visibly went up into the highest heavens, there to receive gifts for men, to raise up our affections thither, and to prepare a place for us, where himself is, and shall continue till his second coming at the end of the world.

53问：在祂的升天中，基督是如何升高的？

答：基督在祂的升天中升高，在于：

（1）祂复活之后，向门徒显现，并同他们说话，谈及上帝国度之事（徒1:2－3），赐给他们向列国传福音的使命（太28:19－20）；

（2）在复活四十天之后，祂以我们的性情，作为我们的元首（来6:20），胜过仇敌（弗4:8），在众目注视之下升上高天，为人领受诸多的恩赐（徒1:9－11；弗4:10；诗68:18），把我们的情感提升到彼处（西3:1－2），

（3）为我们预备地方（约14:3），祂自己也在那里，直到世界的末了，再次降临（徒3:21）。

Q. 54. How is Christ exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God?

A. Christ is exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God, in that as God-man he is advanced to the highest favor with God the Father, with all fullness of joy, glory, and power over all things in heaven and earth; and doth gather and defend his Church, and subdue their enemies; furnisheth his ministers and people with gifts and graces. and maketh intercession for them.

54问：基督坐在父的右边，祂是如何在此事中升高的？

答：基督坐在父的右边，祂的升高是在于：

（1）祂既是上帝，又是人，得到父上帝至高的恩宠（腓2:9），满有喜乐（徒2:28；诗16:11）、荣耀（约17:5），并得到胜过天上地上的一切权柄（弗1:22；彼前3:22）；

（2）聚集并护卫祂的教会，征服他们的仇敌；用各样的恩赐和恩典（弗4:10－12；诗110:1），装备祂的仆人和子民，并为他们代祷（罗8:34）。

Q. 55. How doth Christ make intercession?

A. Christ maketh intercession, by his appearing in our nature continually before the Father in heaven, in the merit of his obedience and sacrifice on earth, declaring his will to have it applied to all believers; answering all accusations against them; and procuring for them quiet of conscience, notwithstanding daily failings, access with boldness to the throne of grace, and acceptance of their persons and services.

55问：基督是如何代祷的？

答：基督为我们代祷，在于：

（1）祂以我们的性情，始终不渝地出现在天父面前（来9:12，24），因着祂在地上顺服与献祭的功劳（来1:3），宣告祂的旨意是要把这功劳应用到所有的信徒身上（约3:16；17:9，20，24）；

（2）回击一切对他们的控告（罗8:33－34），为他们达成良心的平安，尽管他们天天有失败之处（罗5:1－2；约壹2:1－2），仍使他们坦然无惧地来到施恩宝座前（来4:16），并使他们本人（弗1:6）和服事都蒙悦纳（彼前2:5）。

Q. 56. How is Christ to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world?

A. Christ is to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world, in that he, who was unjustly judged and condemned by wicked men, shall come again at the last day in great power, and in the full manifestation of his own glory, and of his Father's, with all his holy angels, with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God, to judge the world in righteousness.

56问：基督将来再临，审判世界，祂是如何在此事中升高的？

答：基督将来再临，审判世界，祂在此事中的升高在于：祂虽受到不义的审判，并被恶人定罪（徒3:14－15），却要在末日之时，大有权能地再临（太24:30），完全彰显祂自己和父的荣耀，与千万的圣天使（路9:26；太25:31），在呼叫声中，随着天使长的声音，与上帝的角声（帖前4:16），以公义审判这个世界（徒17:31）。

Q. 57. What benefits hath Christ procured by his mediation?

A. Christ, by his mediation, hath procured redemption, with all other benefits of the covenant of grace.

57问：藉其中保的工作，基督赢得了什么恩惠？

答：藉其中保的工作，基督赢得了救赎（来9:12），以及其它所有的恩典之约的恩惠（林后1:20）。

Q 58. How do we come to be made partakers of the benefits which Christ hath procured?

A. We are made partakers of the benefits which Christ hath procured, by the application of them unto us, which is the work especially of God the Holy Ghost.

58问：我们怎能分享基督所买赎的恩惠呢？

答：我们分享基督所买赎的恩惠，乃是藉着圣灵上帝特别的工作（多3:5－6），把这些恩惠赐给我们（约1:11－12）。

Q. 59. Who are made partakers of redemption through Christ?

A. Redemption is certainly applied, and effectually communicated, to all those for whom Christ hath purchased it; who are in time by the Holy Ghost enabled to believe in Christ, according to the gospel.

59问：谁与基督的救赎有份呢？

答：救赎是确定地赐给并有效地传递给所有基督买赎的人（弗1:13－14；约6:37，39；10:15－16）；及至时候满足，圣灵就使他们能够照着福音归信基督（弗2:8；林后4:13）。

Q. 60. Can they who have never heard the gospel, and so know not Jesus Christ, nor believe in him, be saved by their living according to the light of nature?

A. They who, having never heard the gospel, know not Jesus Christ, and believe not in him, cannot be saved, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature, or the laws of that religion which they profess; neither is there salvation in any other, but in Christ alone, who is the Saviour only of his body the Church.

60问：那些从未听过福音，既不认识也不相信基督耶稣的人，根据自然之光生活，能够由此得救吗？

答：那些从未听过福音（罗10:14），因此既不认识基督耶稣（帖后1:8－9；弗2:12；约1:10－12），也不相信祂的人，即使他们殷勤地根据自然之光（林前1:20－24），或他们所认信的宗教诫命，来调整自己的生活（约4:22；罗9:31－32；腓3:4－9），也不会得救（约8:24；可16:16）；耶稣之外，别无救赎（徒4:12），惟独祂是教会全体的救主（弗5:23）。

Q. 61. Are all they saved who hear the gospel, and live in the Church?

A. All that hear the gospel, and live in the visible Church, are not saved; but only they who are true members of the Church invisible.

61问：那些听过福音，并参加教会生活的人，是不是都得救了？

答：并不是所有听过福音，并参加有形教会生活的人，都得救了；惟有那些无形教会的真成员才是得救的（约12:38－40；罗9:6；太22:14；太7:21；罗11:7）。

Q. 62. What is the visible Church?

A. The visible Church is a society made up of all such as in all ages and places of the world do profess the true religion, and of their children.

62问：有形教会是什么？

答：有形教会就是由世上各个时代、各个地方认信真宗教的人（林前1:2；12:13；罗15:9－12；启7:9；诗2:8；诗22:27－31；诗45:17；太28:19-20；赛59:21），和他们的子女（林前7:14；徒2:39；罗11:16；创17:7）所组成的一个群体。

Q. 63. What are the special privileges of the visible Church?

A. The visible Church hath the privilege of being under God's special care and government; of being protected and preserved in all ages, notwithstanding the opposition of all enemies; and of enjoying the communion of saints, the ordinary means of salvation, and offers of grace by Christ to all members of it in the ministry of the gospel, testifying, that whosoever believes in him shall be saved, and excluding none that will come unto him.

63问：有形教会有什么特权？

答：有形教会的特权是:

（1）处于上帝的特别看顾和护理之下（赛4:5－6；提前4:10）；

（2）尽管有各种仇敌的抵挡，仍在各个时代中得蒙保守（诗115；赛31:4－5；亚12:2－4，8－9）；

（3）享有圣徒的交通，和通常的蒙恩之道（徒2:39，42），以及耶稣在福音事奉中向其所有成员发出的恩典的邀约，见证一切信祂的人都会得救（诗147:19－20；罗9:4；弗4:11－12；可16:15－16），凡来到祂面前的人，都不会被丢弃（约6:37）。

Q. 64. What is the invisible Church?

A. The invisible Church is the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one under Christ the head.

64问：无形教会是什么？

答：无形教会包括过去、现在、未来，在元首基督名下聚集归一的所有选民（弗1:10，22－23；约10:16；11:52）。

Q. 65. What special benefits do the members of the invisible Church enjoy by Christ?

A. The members of the invisible Church by Christ, enjoy union and communion with him in grace and glory.

65问：藉着基督，无形教会的成员享有什么特殊的恩惠？

答：藉着基督，无形教会的成员在恩典与荣耀里享有与祂的合一和交通（约17:21；弗2:5－6；约17:24）。

Q. 66. What is that union which the elect have with Christ?

A. The union which the elect have with Christ is the work of God's grace, whereby they are spiritually and mystically, yet really and inseparably, joined to Christ as their head and husband; which is done in their effectual calling.

66问：选民所享有与基督的合一是什么？

答：选民所享有的与基督的合一，是上帝恩典的作为（弗1:22，2:6－8），他们由此虽是属灵地、神秘地，却是真正地、不可分离地，与他们的元首和丈夫基督联合（林前6:17；约10:28；弗5:23，30）；这是在有效的恩召中所成就的（彼前5:10；林前1:9）。

Q. 67. What is effectual calling?

A. Effectual calling is the work of God’s almighty power and grace, whereby (out of his free and especial love to his elect, and from nothing in them moving him thereunto) he doth, in his accepted time, invite and draw them to Jesus Christ, by his Word and Spirit; savingly enlightening their minds, renewing and powerfully determining their wills, so as they (although in themselves dead in sin,) are hereby made willing and able freely to answer his call, and to accept and embrace the grace offered and conveyed therein.

67问：什么是有效的恩召？

答：有效的恩召是上帝的大能和恩典的作为（约5:25；弗1:18－20；提后1:8－9），

（1）祂出于对其选民白白和特别的爱，并不是因为他们身上有什么促使祂行动的东西（多3:4－5；弗2:4－5，7－9；罗9:11）；

（2）在祂所悦纳的日子，藉着祂的圣言和圣灵，邀请并吸引他们归向基督耶稣（林后5:20，比较林后6:1－2；约6:44；帖后2:13－14）；

（3）救赎性地启迪他们的心思（徒26:18；林前2:10，12），更新并大有权能地决定他们的意志（结11:19；36:26－27；约6:45），

（4）使得已经死在罪恶之中的他们变得甘心乐意，能够自由爽快地回应祂的呼召，领受其中所显明并传递的恩典（弗2:5；腓2:13；申30:6）。

Q. 68. Are the elect only effectually called?

A. All the elect, and they only, are effectually called; although others may be, and often are outwardly called by the ministry of the Word, and have some common operations of the Spirit; who, for their wilful neglect and contempt of the grace offered to them, being justly left in their unbelief, do never truly come to Jesus Christ.

68问：惟独选民得蒙有效的恩召吗？

答：所有的选民，而且惟独他们，得蒙有效的恩召（徒13:48）；尽管其他人或许，也经常是，藉着上帝圣言的服事，蒙受外部的呼召（太22:14），并且有圣灵的普通运行（太7:22；13:20－21；来6:4－6）；但他们故意忽略、轻视向他们所显明的恩典，就被公义地弃置于他们自己的不信之中，绝不会真正地归向耶稣基督（约12:38－40；徒28:25－27；约6:64－65；诗81:11－12）。

Q. 69. What is the communion in grace which the members of the invisible Church have with Christ?

A. The communion in grace which the members of the invisible Church have with Christ, is their partaking of the virtue of his mediation, in their justification, adoption, sanctification, and whatever else, in this life, manifests their union with him.

69问：无形教会的成员在恩典里所享有的与基督的交通是什么？

答：无形教会的成员在恩典里所享有的与基督的交通，是在于与祂中保的功劳有份，在称义（罗8:30），得儿子的名分（弗1:5），成圣，以及今生的一切事宜上，都显明他们与基督的合一（林前1:30）。

Q. 70. What is justification?

A. Justification is an act of God’s free grace unto sinners, in which he pardoneth all their sins, accepteth and accounteth their persons righteous in his sight; not for anything wrought in them, or done by them, but only for the perfect obedience and full satisfaction of Christ, by God imputed to them, and received by faith alone.

70问：称义是什么？

答：（1）称义是上帝的作为，祂白白地把恩典赐予罪人（罗3:22，24－25；4:5）；

（2）由此赦免他们所有的罪，接纳他们，并在祂的眼中算他们为义（林后5:19，21；罗3:22，24－25，27－28）；

（3）并不是因为他们自己有什么，也不是因为他们作了什么（多3:5，7；弗1:7）；

（4）而是惟独因为基督的完美的顺服和完全的补偿，由上帝归算在他们的身上（罗5:17－19；罗4:6－8）；

（5）且是惟独藉着信心才能领受的（徒10:43；加2:16；腓3:9）。

Q. 71. How is justification an act of God’s free grace?

A. Although Christ, by his obedience and death, did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to God’s justice in the behalf of them that are justified; yet inasmuch as God accepteth the satisfaction from a surety, which he might have demanded of them, and did provide this surety, his only Son, imputing his righteousness to them, and requiring nothing of them for their justification but faith, which also is his gift, their justification is to them of free grace.

71问：为什么说称义是上帝白白恩典的作为呢？

答：尽管基督藉其顺服和受死，确实代表那些被称义之人，对上帝的公义，作出了适当的、真正的、完全的补偿（罗5:8－10，19）；但是，因为上帝是从一个保证人接受补偿，这也是祂可以要求他们的，而且上帝确实提供了这一保证人，就是祂的独生子（提前2:5－6；来10:10；太20:28；但9:24，26；赛53:4－6，10－12；来7:22；罗8:32；彼前1:18－19），把祂的义归算在他们身上（林后5:21），使他们惟独藉着信称义（罗3:24－25），向他们别无所求，这信心也是祂的恩赐（弗2:8），所以，他们的称义是因着白白的恩典归给他们的（弗1:7）。

Q. 72. What is justifying faith?

A. Justifying faith is a saving grace, wrought in the heart of a sinner, by the Spirit and Word of God, whereby he, being convinced of his sin and misery, and of the disability in himself and all other creatures to recover him out of his lost condition, not only assenteth to the truth of the promise of the gospel, but receiveth and resteth upon Christ and his righteousness, therein held forth for pardon of sin, and for the accepting and accounting of his person righteous in the sight of God for salvation.

72问：使人称义的信心是什么？

答：使人称义的信心是：

（1）使人称义的信心是一种上帝所赐的与救恩相伴的美德（来10:39），由圣灵（林后4:13；弗1:17－19）和圣言（罗10:14，17）在罪人的心中做成，使他确知自己的罪和愁苦，自己和其他任何受造者都不能救他脱离失丧之境（徒2:37；徒16:30；约16:8－9；罗5:6；弗2:1；徒4:12）；

（2）使人称义的信心不仅赞同福音应许的真实性（弗1:13），而且接受并信靠福音所应许的基督和祂的义，从此罪得赦免（约1:12；徒16:31，10:43），在上帝的眼中，得蒙悦纳，被算为义，以致得救（腓3:9；徒15:11）。

Q. 73. How doth faith justify a sinner in the sight of God?

A. Faith justifies a sinner in the sight of God, not because of those other graces which do always accompany it, or of good works that are the fruits of it; nor as if the grace of faith, or any act thereof, were imputed to him for justification; but only as it is an instrument by which he receiveth and applieth Christ and his righteousness.

73问：在上帝的眼中，信心如何使罪人称义呢？

答：在上帝的眼中，信心使罪人称义，

（1）绝不是因为随之而来的其它美德，或信心所结的善行的果子（加3:11；罗3:28），也不是说信心这一美德、或信心的行为可算为他的义（罗4:5，比较罗10:10）；

（2）只是因为信心是器皿，罪人由此接受基督和祂的义，并运用在自己的身上（约1:12；腓3:9；加2:16）。

Q. 74. What is adoption?

A. Adoption is an act of the free grace of God, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ, whereby all those that are justified are received into the number of his children, have his name put upon them, the Spirit of his Son given to them, are under his fatherly care and dispensations, admitted to all the liberties and privileges of the sons of God, made heirs of all the promises, and fellow-heirs with Christ in glory.

74问：什么是得儿子的名分？

答：得儿子的名分是上帝的作为，出于祂白白的恩典（约壹3:1）。

（1）在祂独生子耶稣基督里，且是为着祂的缘故而行的（弗1:5；加4:4－5）；

（2）由此那些称义之人一概被纳入众子的数目（约1:12）；

（3）有祂的名写在他们上面（林后6:18；启3:12）；

（4）领受赐予他们的祂儿子的圣灵（加4:6）；

（5）处于祂父般的眷顾之下（诗103:13；箴14:26；太6:32）；

（6）得享上帝众子的一切自由和特权，承受各样的应许，并与基督在荣耀里同为后嗣（来6:12；罗8:17）。

Q. 75. What is sanctification?

A. Sanctification is a work of God’s grace, whereby, they whom God hath, before the foundation of the world, chosen to be holy, are in time, through the powerful operation of his Spirit applying the death and resurrection of Christ unto them, renewed in their whole man after the image of God; having the seeds of repentance unto life, and all other saving graces, put into their hearts, and those graces so stirred up, increased, and strengthened, as that they more and more die unto sin and rise unto newness of life.

75问：成圣是什么？

答：成圣是上帝的作为，出于祂白白的恩典。

（1）由此，那些在创世之前就蒙拣选成为圣洁的人，在日期满足的时候，藉着圣灵大能的运行（弗1:4；林前6:11；帖后2:13），把基督的受死和复活应用到他们的身上（罗6:4－6），目的在于按上帝的形像使他们的全人得以更新（弗4:23－24）；

（2）有悔改得生以及其它所有与救恩相伴的美德的种子安置在他们的心中（徒11:18；约壹3:9），而且这些美德被挑旺，得增加，受坚固（犹20；来6:11－12；弗3:16－19；西1:10－11），使他们愈来愈能向罪而死，更有生命的新样式（罗6:4，6，14；加5:24）。

Q. 76. What is repentance unto life?

A. Repentance unto life is a saving grace, wrought in the heart of a sinner by the Spirit and Word of God, whereby out of the sight and sense, not only of the danger, but also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins, and upon the apprehension of God’s mercy in Christ to such as are penitent, he so grieves for and hates his sins, as that he turns from them all to God, purposing and endeavoring constantly to walk with him in all the ways of new obedience.

76问：悔改得生是什么？

答：悔改得生是一种上帝所赐的与救恩相伴的美德（提后2:25），是圣灵（亚12:10）和圣言（徒11:18，20－21）在罪人的心中做成的，由此，

（1）罪人意识到罪的危险性（结18:28，30，32；路15:17－18；何2:6－7）；

（2）认识到罪的污秽和丑陋（结36:31；赛30:22）；

（3）领悟上帝在基督里对悔改者的怜悯（珥2:12－13）；

（4）因此为自己的罪忧伤难过（耶31:18－19）；

（5）并产生恨恶之情（林后7:11）；

（6）从而转离一切罪，归向上帝（徒26:18；结14:6；王上8:47－48）；

（7）并立定心志，竭力以新的顺服，在各个方面与主同行（诗119:6，59，128；路1:6；王下23:25）。

Q. 77. Wherein do justification and sanctification differ?

A. Although sanctification be inseparably joined with justification, yet they differ, in that God in justification imputeth the righteousness of Christ; in sanctification his Spirit infuseth grace, and enableth to the exercise thereof; in the former, sin is pardoned; in the other, it is subdued: the one doth equally free all believers from the revenging wrath of God, and that perfectly in this life, that they never fall into condemnation; the other is neither equal in all, nor in this life perfect in any, but growing up to perfection.

77问：称义与成圣有何不同？

答：虽然称义与成圣不可分割地联系在一起（林前6:11；1:30），但它们仍有不同之处。

（1）称义是基督的义的归算（罗4:6，8），而成圣则是祂注入恩典，使人得以行出（结36:7）；

（2）称义使罪得赦免（罗3:24－25）；成圣使罪被征服（罗6:6，14）；

（3）称义使所有的信徒在今生一概脱离上帝的报应之怒，达于完全，使他们不再被定罪了（罗8:33－34）；成圣在所有的人身上不尽相同（约壹2:12－14；来5:12－14），今生也没有任何人能达于完全（约壹1:8，10），而是向着完全不断长进（林后7:1；腓3:12－14）。

Q. 78. Whence ariseth the imperfection of sanctification in believers?

A. The imperfection of sanctification in believers ariseth from the remnants of sin abiding in every part of them, and the perpetual lustings of the flesh against the spirit; whereby they are often foiled with temptations, and fall into many sins, are hindered in all their spiritual services, and their best works are imperfect and defiled in the sight of God.

78问：为何信徒的成圣在今生都不完全呢？

答：信徒的成圣在今生都不完全，这是因为他们身上各个部分仍然有罪的残余，肉体的情欲依然存在，不停地与圣灵相争；因此，他们经常为试探所击倒，陷落到许多罪中（罗7:18，23；可14:66；加2:11－12），各种属灵的事奉常受拦阻（来12:1），即使最好的善行，在上帝的眼中也不完美，仍有污损（赛64:6；出28:38）。

Q. 79. May not true believers, by reason of their imperfections, and the many temptations and sins they are overtaken with, fall away from the state of grace?

A. True believers, by reason of the unchangeable love of God, and his decree and covenant to give them perseverance, their inseparable union with Christ, his continual intercession for them, and the Spirit and seed of God abiding in them, can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace, but are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation.

79问：真信徒既不完美，也被诸多的试探和罪所胜，他们会不会从蒙恩的状态中堕落呢？

答：不会。因着

（1）上帝的不变之爱（耶31:3）；

（2）祂按照祂自己的预旨和圣约赐给他们恒忍的力量（提后2:19；来13:20－21；撒下23:5）；

（3）使他们与基督联合，不可分离（林前1:8－9）；

（4）基督也为他们持续地代祷（来7:25；路22:32）；

（5）圣灵和上帝的种子仍在他们心中（约壹3:9；2:27）

所以，他们既不会完全，也不会最终从蒙恩的状态中堕落（耶32:40；约10:28），而是得蒙上帝大能的保守，由信得救（彼前1:5）。

Q. 80. Can true believers be infallibly assured that they are in the estate of grace, and that they shall persevere therein unto salvation?

A. Such as truly believe in Christ, and endeavor to walk in all good conscience before him, may, without extraordinary revelation, by faith grounded upon the truth of God’s promises, and by the Spirit enabling them to discern in themselves those graces to which the promises of life are made, and bearing witness with their spirits that they are the children of God, be infallibly assured that they are in the estate of grace, and shall persevere therein unto salvation.

80问：真信徒是否能够毫无谬误地确信他们已经蒙恩，并由此恒忍，直到最终得救？

答：是的。真正归信基督，努力用无愧的良心行在祂面前的人（约壹2:3），

（1）毋需另外的特别启示；

（2）藉着基于上帝应许之真实性的信心；

（3）藉着使他们能够分辨自己是否拥有那些所应许的与新生命相伴的美德（林前2:12；约壹3:14，18－19，21，24；4:13，16；来6:11－12）；

（4）并与他们的灵同证他们是上帝儿女的圣灵（罗8:16），他们可以毫无谬误地确信自己已经蒙恩，并由此恒忍，直到最终得救（约壹5:13）。

Q. 81. Are all true believers at all times assured of their present being in the estate of grace, and that they shall be saved?

A. Assurance of grace and salvation not being of the essence of faith, true believers may wait long before they obtain it; and, after the enjoyment thereof, may have it weakened and intermitted, through manifold distempers, sins, temptations, and desertions; yet are they never left without such a presence and support of the Spirit of God as keeps them from sinking into utter despair.

81问：所有真信徒都是一直确信自己目前已经蒙恩，并最终得救吗？

答：对于所有真信徒而言，

（1）蒙恩得救的确信并不是信心的本质（弗1:13）；

（2）所以，在得到这一确信之前，真信徒或许要长期等候（赛50:10；诗88）；

（3）即使在享有之后，这一确信仍会因着心思烦乱、各样的罪、遭遇试探和暂时被弃而减弱或中断（诗77:1－12；51:8，12；31:22；22:1，歌5:2-3，6）；

（4）圣灵的同在和扶持绝不会全然离开他们，必保守他们不至陷入绝望（约壹3:9；伯13:15；诗73:15，23；赛54:7－10）。

Q. 82. What is the communion in glory which the members of the invisible Church have with Christ?

A. The communion in glory which the members of the invisible Church have with Christ, is in this life, immediately after death, and at last perfected in their resurrection [i].

[i] The original has "at the resurrection and day of judgment" instead of "in their resurrection".

82问：无形教会的成员在荣耀里所享有的与基督的交通是什么？

答：无形教会的成员在荣耀里所享有的与基督的交通，是在于今生(林后3:18)、死后（路23:43），以及最终在复活与审判日达于完全的交通（帖前4:17）。

Q. 83. What is the communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible Church enjoy in this life?

A. The members of the invisible Church have communicated to them in this life, the first-fruits of glory with Christ, as they are members of him their head, and so in him are interested in that glory which he is fully possessed of; and, as an earnest thereof, enjoy the sense of God’s love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, and hope of glory; as, on the contrary, sense of God’s revenging wrath, horror of conscience, and a fearful expectation of judgment, are to the wicked the beginning of the torments which they shall endure after death.

83问：无形教会的成员今生在荣耀里所享有的与基督的交通是指什么？

答：这种交通是指：

（1）无形教会的成员今生得蒙与基督一同得荣的初熟的果子，因基督是他们的元首，他们是祂的肢体，所以在祂里面，与祂所有的荣耀有份（弗2:5－6）；

（2）他们享有上帝的慈爱（罗5:，比较林后1:22），良知的平安，圣灵里的喜乐，和荣耀的盼望（罗5:1－2；14:17），这些都是他们得基业的凭据；

（3）而恶人则感受到上帝复仇的愤怒，良知的恐惧，对将来审判的畏惧，这些痛苦始于今生，并在死后承受（创4:13；太27:4；来10:27；罗2:9；可9:44）。

Q. 84. Shall all men die?

A. Death being threatened as the wages of sin, it is appointed unto all men once to die; for that all have sinned. However, believers in Christ who are alive on the earth at his return will not die, but will be caught up to meet him in the air. [i]

[i] The original lacks the sentence "However, believers ... in the air."

84问：所有的人都会死吗？

答：死亡是罪的工价（罗6:23），所以，按照定命，人人都有一死（来9:27）；因为所有的人都犯了罪（罗5:12）。

Q. 85. Death, being the wages of sin, why are not the righteous delivered from death, seeing all their sins are forgiven in Christ?

A. The righteous shall be delivered from death itself at the return of Christ, and even in death are delivered from the sting and curse of it; so that, although they die, yet it is out of God’s love, to free them perfectly from sin and misery, and to make them capable of further communion with Christ in glory, which they then enter upon.

85问：既然死亡是罪的工价，而义人的罪在基督里都蒙赦免，为什么他们没有脱离死亡呢？

答：义人在末日的时候就会脱离死亡，即使在死亡之时，也脱离了死亡的毒钩和咒诅（林前15:26，55－57；来2:15）；因此，虽然他们也死亡，但这是出于上帝的慈爱（赛57:1－2；王下22:20），使他们完全从罪和愁苦中释放出来（启14:13；弗5:27），进入荣耀里，与基督有更深的联合（路23:43；腓1:23）。

Q. 86. What is the communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible Church enjoy immediately after death?

A. The communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible Church enjoy immediately after death, is, in that their souls are then made perfect in holiness, and received into the highest heavens, where they behold the face of God in light and glory; waiting for the full redemption of their bodies, which even in death continue united to Christ, and rest in their graves as in their beds, till at the return of Christ [i] they are [ii] again united to their souls and live and reign with him upon the earth a thousand years [iii]. Whereas the souls of the wicked are at their death cast into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darkness, and their bodies kept in their graves, as in their prisons, until the resurrection and judgment of ungodly men, after the millennial reign of Christ [iv].

[i] The original has "last day" instead of "return of Christ".

[ii] The original has "be" instead of "are".

[iii] The original lacks the clause "and live and reign with him upon the earth a thousand years".

[iv] The original has "the great day" instead of "ungodly men, after the millennial reign of Christ".

86问：无形教会的成员死后在荣耀里所享有的与基督的交通是指什么？

答：无形教会的成员死后在荣耀里所享有的与基督的交通，是指：

（1）那时他们的灵魂在圣洁上达于完全（来12:23），被接入高天（林后5:1，6，8；腓1:23，比较徒3:21；弗4:10），在光明和荣耀中得见上帝之面（约壹3:2；林前13:12），等候他们身体完全的得赎（罗8:23；诗16:9）。

（2）他们的身体即使在死亡中也与基督继续联合（帖前4:14），安息在坟墓里，如同安息在床上（赛57:2），直到末日与他们的灵魂再次联合（伯19:26－27）。

（3）而恶人的灵魂死时被抛进地狱之中，停留在痛苦和彻底的黑暗里，他们的身体则保留在坟墓里，如在监狱中，直到复活和审判的大日（路16:23－24；徒1:25；犹6－7）。

Q. 87. What are we to believe concerning the resurrection?

A. We are to believe that [i] there shall be a [ii] resurrection of the dead, both of the just and of the [iii] unjust: when Jesus Christ returns the just [iv] that are then found alive shall in a moment be changed; and the selfsame bodies of the dead in Christ [v] which are [vi] laid in the grave, being then again united to their souls forever, shall be raised up by the power of Christ. The bodies of the just, by the Spirit of Christ, and by virtue of his resurrection as their head shall be raised in power, spiritual, and [vii] incorruptible, and made like to his glorious body in the first resurrection [viii]. [ix] The bodies of the wicked shall, after a thousand years [x], be raised up in dishonor by him as an offended judge in the second resurrection [xi].

[i] The original is followed here by the phrase "at the last day".

[ii] The original is followed here by the word "general".

[iii] The original lacks the phrase "of the".

[iv] The original has the word "they" instead of the fragment "Jesus Christ returns[,] the just".

[v] The original lacks the phrase "in Christ".

[vi] The original has the word "were" instead of "are".

[vii] The original lacks the word "and".

[viii] The original lacks the phrase "in the first resurrection".

[ix] The original continues here with a clause beginning with the word "and" instead of beginning a new sentence.

[x] The original lacks the phrase "after a thousand years".

[xi] The original lacks the phrase "in the second resurrection".

87问：关于复活，我们当信什么？

答：我们当信，

（1）在末日的时候，死人都要复活，不管是义人，还是不义的人（徒24:15）；

（2）那时还活着的人在一刹那间都要改变；那些躺在坟墓中的同一身体要与他们的灵魂重新联合，不再分离，因着基督的大能而复活（林前15:21－23；帖前4:15－17；约5:28－29）。

（3）义人的身体，因着基督的灵，并藉着他们的元首基督的复活，大有权能地复活，成为属灵的、不朽坏的，与基督荣耀的身体一样（林前15:21－23，42－44；腓3:21）；

（4）而恶人的身体亦将由基督这被触怒的审判者，使其在羞辱的状态中复活过来（约5:27－29；太25:33）。

Q. 88. What shall immediately follow after the resurrection?

A. Immediately after the second [i] resurrection shall follow the [ii] final judgment of men and angels [iii], the destruction of the earth by fire, and the ushering in of the new heaven and new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness. [iv]

[i] The original lacks the word "second".

[ii] The original is followed here by the words "general and".

[iii] The original has the phrase "angels and men" instead of "men and angels".

[iv] The original has the clause "the day and hour whereof no man knows, that all may watch and pray, and be ever ready for the coming of the Lord" instead of the clause "the destruction of the earth by fire, and the ushering in of the new heaven and new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness."

88问：复活之后，随即发生什么？

答：复活之后，随即所发生的就是

（1）最终的大审判，天使和人都要受到审判（彼后2:4犹6－7，14－15；太25:46）；

（2）没有人知道那日那时，所有人都当警醒祷告，时刻预备主的到来（太24:36，42，44；路21:35－36）。

Q. 89. What shall be done to the wicked after their resurrection [i]?

A. After their resurrection [ii], the wicked shall be judged [iii], and, upon clear evidence and full conviction of their own consciences, shall have the fearful but just sentence of condemnation pronounced against them; and thereupon shall be cast out from the favorable presence of God, and the glorious fellowship with Christ, his saints, and all his holy angels, into hell, to be punished with unspeakable torments both of body and soul, with the devil and his angels for ever.

[i] The original has the phrase "at the day of judgment" instead of the phrase "after their resurrection".

[ii] The original has the phrase "At the day of judgment" instead of the phrase "After their resurrection".

[iii] The original has the clause "set on Christ's left hand" instead of the word "judged".

89问：在审判之日，恶人会承受什么？

答：在审判之日，恶人将会：

（1）被置于基督的左边（太25:33）；

（2）基于确凿的证据，他们自己的良知完全伏罪（罗2:15－16）；

（3）被公开定罪，承受可怕但却公平的判决（太25:41－43）；

（4）随即被抛进地狱之中，被逐于上帝恩惠的同在，以及基督、祂的圣徒，和所有圣天使的荣耀团契之外，身体灵魂都受惩罚，遭受无法言喻的痛苦，与魔鬼和属牠的天使在一起，直到永永远远（路16:26；帖后1:8－9）。

Q. 90. What shall be done to the righteous after their resurrection [i]?

A. After the resurrection [ii], the righteous, being caught up to Christ in the clouds; shall be [iii] openly acknowledged and acquitted: shall join with him in the millennial reign, and [iv] the judging of reprobate men and angels [v]: and shall be received into heaven, where they shall be fully and for ever freed from all sin and misery; filled with inconceivable joys; made perfectly holy and happy both in body and soul, in the company of innumerable saints and [vi] angels; but especially in the immediate vision and fruition of God the Father, of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit, to all eternity. And this is the perfect and full communion, which the members of the invisible Church shall enjoy with Christ in glory, at the resurrection and day of judgment.

[i] The original has the phrase "at the day of judgment" instead of the phrase "after their resurrection".

[ii] The original has the phrase "At the day of judgment" instead of the phrase "After their resurrection".

[iii] The original is followed by the fragment "set on his right hand, and there".

[iv] The original lacks the fragment "the millennial reign, and".

[v] The original has the phrase "angels and men" instead of "men and angels".

[vi] The original is followed here by the word "holy".

90问：在审判之日，义人会承受什么？

答：在审判之日，义人会，

（1）被提到云中（帖前4:17）；

（2）到基督面前，坐在祂的右边，当众被承认，宣告无罪（太25:33；10:32）；

（3）与基督一同审判被弃的天使和世人（林前6:2－3）；

（4）被接入天堂（太25:34，46）；

（5）完全、永远地脱离所有的罪和痛苦（弗5:27；启14:13）；

（6）被无法想象的喜乐充满（诗16:11）；

（7）在身体和灵魂上都达于完全的圣洁和幸福，与无数的圣徒和圣天使在一起（来12:22－23）；

（8）特别是直接得见父上帝、主耶稣基督和圣灵，得此为乐，直到永远（约壹3:2；林前13:12；帖前4:17－18）。

这就是无形教会的成员，在复活和审判之日，在荣耀里与基督所享有的完美的交通。

Q. 91. What is the duty which God requireth of man?

A. The duty which God requireth of man, is obedience to his revealed will.

91问：上帝要人尽什么本分？

答：上帝要人所尽的本分是顺服祂显明的旨意（罗12:1－2；弥6:8；撒上15:22）。