5-day online FDP on Applied Statistical Data Analysis using SPSS; Date: 08 to 12 Sept 2025; Organizer: SSSIHL, Bengaluru
Question-1:
One of the scholars asked me a question about citing the information received by email from (say) RBI via RTI which is not available on any website or cannot be accessed via a link.
As per APA Manual, a reference without a recoverable source cannot be included in the reference list because readers cannot retrieve the work. Nonrecoverable sources such as personal emails, classroom lectures, and intranet sources should be cited only in the text as personal communications.
For further information, refer to APA manual 7th Edition
a) Section 8.9 Personal Communication - Page 260
b) Section 9.37 No Source - Page 300
Question-2:
One of the scholars asked me a question about referencing a newspaper article without an author's name.
Newspaper article: Without Author
Example
Data Cleaning after Survey Data collection. (2021, April 16). Times of India, 33.
Use the first word of the title to place this reference in the alphabetical sequence of your reference list.
Extract from APA Manual, 7th edition
9.26 Online Periodicals With Missing Information
Many online periodicals (e.g., newspapers, blogs) publish articles without volume, issue, and/or page numbers or article numbers. Omit these elements from the reference if they are not present in the cited work. For example, for an online newspaper article or blog post, only the title of the periodical (i.e., of the newspaper or blog) may be present (see Chapter 10, Examples 16, 17, and 68).