Big Idea 5. Thermodynamics describes the role energy plays in physical and chemical changes.

Section 5.1: Chemical Energy

o Describe the changes in potential energy that accompany the formation and breaking of chemical bonds.

Section 5.2: The First Law of Thermodynamics

o Distinguish between the system and surroundings in thermodynamics.

o Calculate internal energy from heat and work and state the sign conventions of these quantities.

o Explain the concept of a state function and give examples.

Section 5.3: Enthalpy

o Calculate DH from DE and pDV.

o Relate q_p to DH and indicate how the signs of q and DH relate to whether a process is exothermic or endothermic.

Section 5.4: Enthalpies of Reaction

o Use thermochemical equations to relate the amount of heat energy transferred in reactions at constant pressure (DH) to the amount of substances involved in the reaction.

Section 5.5: Calorimetry

o Calculate the heat transferred in a process from temperature measurements together with heat capacities or specific heats (Calorimetry).

Section 5.6: Hess’s Law

o Use Hess’s law to determine enthalpy changes for reactions.

Section 5.7: Enthalpies of Formation

o Use standard enthalpies of formation to calculate DH° for reactions.

Section 5.8: Bond Enthalpies

o Use average bond enthalpies to estimate the reaction enthalpies of reactions where all reactants and products are in the gas phase.