Big Idea 6. Equilibrium represents a balance between enthalpy and entropy for reversible physical and chemical changes.

Big Idea 3. Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms and describe how matter changes.

Section 16.1: Arrhenius Acids and Bases

o Define and identify Arrhenius acids and bases.

Section 16.2: Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

o Define and identify Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases and identify conjugate acid-base pairs.

o Correlate the strength of an acid to the strength of its conjugate base.

Section 16.3: Autoionization of Water

o Explain how the equilibrium position of a proton-transfer reaction relates to the strengths of the acids and bases involved.

o Describe the auto ionization of water and explain how [H₃O⁺] and [OH^-] are related via K_w.

Section 16.4: The pH Scale

o Calculate the pH of a solution given [H₃O⁺] and [OH^-].

Section 16.5: Strong Acids and Bases

o Calculate the pH of a strong acid or strong base given its concentration.

Section 16.6: Weak Acids

Section 16.7: Weak Bases

o Calculate K_a or K_b for a week acid or weak base given its concentration and the pH of the solution, and vice versa.

o Calculate the pH of a weak acid or weak base or its percent ionization given its concentration and K_a or K_b.

Section 16.8: Relationship Between K_a and K_b

o Calculate K_b for a weak base given K_a of its conjugate acid, and similarly calculate K_a from K_b.

Section 16.9: Acid-Base Properties of Salts

o Predict whether an aqueous solution of a salt will be acidic, basic, or neutral.

Section 16.10: Acid-Base Behavior and Chemical Structure

o Predict the relative strength of a series of acids from their molecular structures.

Section 16.11: Lewis Acids and Bases

o Define and identify Lewis acids and bases.