Year 11 students, check the dates!
Chemists use theories of structure and bonding to explain the physical and chemical properties of materials. Analysis of structures shows that atoms can be arranged in a variety of ways, some of which are molecular while others are giant structures. Theories of bonding explain how atoms are held together in these structures. Scientists use this knowledge of structure and bonding to engineer new materials with desirable properties. The properties of these materials may offer new applications in a range of different technologies.
Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
Use the particle model to draw a representation of how particles are arranged in the three states of matter.
Use data to determine the state of a substance at a given temperature.
Explain, in terms of particles, the energy and temperature of a substance when it is at the melting point or boiling point.
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
Describe, with an example, how a Group 1 metal atom becomes a positive ion.
Describe, with an example, how a Group 7 non-metal atom becomes a negative ion.
Draw dot and cross diagrams of compounds formed between Group 1 and Group 7 elements.
Explain how electron transfer allow ionic bonding to occur in the compound formed when a Group 1 metal reacts with a Group 7 non-metal.
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
Write the charges of ions of Group 1, Group 2, Group 6, and Group 7 elements.
Describe an ionic lattice.
Explain how the position of an element in the periodic table relates to the charge on its most stable monatomic ion.
Explain, in terms of electronic structure, how unfamiliar elements become ions.
Interpret the formulae of familiar ionic compounds to determine the number and type of each ion present.
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
State that ionic compounds have high melting points and can dissolve in water.
State that ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water.
Describe the structure of an ionic lattice
Describe and explain the properties of ionic compounds in terms of ions
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
Describe a covalent bond
Recognise a covalent compound from its formula, name, or diagram showing bonds.
Name familiar examples of small molecules which contain covalent bonds.
Explain how a covalent bond forms in terms of electronic structure.
Draw dot and cross diagrams for H2, Cl2, O2, N2, HCl, H2O, NH3, and CH4.
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
Explain how the size of molecules affects melting and boiling points.
Explain why small molecules and polymers do not conduct electricity.
Identify substances that would have weak intermolecular forces.
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to :
List the main physical properties of diamond and graphite.
Recognise the structure of diamond and graphite from information provided in written or diagrammatic form.
Explain the properties of diamond & graphite in terms of bonding.
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
Describe the relationship between graphite and graphene.
List the main physical properties of fullerenes.
Recognise the structure of a fullerene or nanotube in diagrams and prose.
Explain the structure of fullerenes.
List the properties and consequent uses of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
Describe metallic bonding.
Recognise and represent metallic bonding diagrammatically.
Explain key physical properties of metals using the model of metallic bonding.
Describe why metals are alloyed.
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Objectives - After this topic you should be able to:
Define the term 'nanoscience'.
Describe & explain how surface area to volume ratio changes with particle size.
Recognise that the negative indices in standard form used in nanoscience represent very small numbers.
Convert between standard form and ordinary numbers.
List some uses of nanoparticles and the advantages & disadvantages of using nanoparticles.
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