The Calamity took a toll on the multiverse. The aberrant force shook the fine balance between the different planes, and shortly after the initial surge, the different dimensions loosed from their places and took new forms. The astral sea was freed from its constraints, becoming infinite in the way it wraps back onto itself. The other dimensions, finite in nature, grew subject to gravity. They warped and crumbled in on themselves, becoming celestial globes afloat in the Astral plane. Besides the portals to travel between them, "space travel" could be potentially be used by advanced lifeforms to move from one of these new planets to the next.
The Material plane, from within it, is rather hard to observe. The extent of the damage do the plane is unknown, outside of the known world of Morgath. However, evidences of the ravaged land can still be found, buried and forgotten.
The Elemental planes became planets similar to the Material plane, congruent in size and theorized shape. Blown free of each other into the Astral plane, the planes follow an odd orbit. Four rings, two each in opposite orientations, make their way around a sun. Their minor planes became their moons, which are sometimes passed from planet to planet when their paths cross.
The sun is what remains of the Heavens. Bathed in positive energy, the energetic giant centered itself in the center of the Astral plane, becoming star-like in nature. Now, almost everything in the multiverse revolves around it. Some of the smaller planes, such as Mechanus, were attracted to it, and when the Calamity knocked them loose in space, they crashed into the Heavens and became demiplanes within it.
Outside the Astral plane, the Hells couldn't maintain the same form as the others due to their abundance of negative energy. Instead, they expanded and became less dense, becoming what some would call "the end of the universe." Due to the nature of the Astral plane, it is hard to reach the Hells by space travel. You would need to find a breach in space-time continuity as to leave the Astral plane's perpetuity. Smaller chaotic planes are perfect for this, as their negative energy content allows them to exist in a limbo state both in and out of space. Beyond the Hells, the incarnation of chaos itself filled the void. The new Abyss stands outside the universe, bordering the Hells and blocking it off from the true unknown beyond it.
The Feywilds do not fit into the planet model. Nobody quite knows why, though some theorize that the Feywilds are not quite like other planes. Harnessing the energy of nature itself, the Feywilds are an abstraction of mother nature made concrete. They exist in a place far outside of space-time, though they are fueled by the Material plane. The Feywilds are inaccessible by space travel.
The Shadowfell is also an exception. Made from negative emotion taken form, the Shadowfell is not a planet, and instead is a distorted mirror of the Material plane. It is inaccessible by spacecraft.