Autonomous Sinixt Voices
Please note: These are just a few Autonomous Sinixt Voices; a place to start your own research and learning.
Learning recognizes the role of Indigenous Knowledge. (FNESC, nd.)
"Indigenous knowledges (IK) are the complex knowledge systems that have been developed over time by a particular people in a particular area and that have been transmitted from generation to generation. They include, but are not limited to, ecological, scientific, and agricultural knowledge, in addition to the processes of teaching an learning... They encompass both the traditional and the contemporary..." (Chrona, 2022, p145)
The Authomous Sinixt have several websites:
James, M. Alexis, T. (nd.) Not Extinct - Keeping the Sinixt Way [website] https://keepingthesinixtway.ca/
https://bloodoflifecollective.org/ A collective of Sinixt and settler activists.
Taress Alexis
Taress Alexis is a local Sinixt Indigenous educator and daughter of Marilyn James. Listen to the soundcloud interview of Taress Alexis on Kootenay Morning show of Kootenay Coop Radio, where she tells the story of Frog (Swarax'n) Mountain and explains Sinixt world view. She has worked in local schools as an Educational assistant and created resources to share in local schools, including co-authoring the book "Not Extinct: Keeping the Sinixt Way" (2023) She is also working to preserve the snsylxcin language.
Campbell, B. (2013, Jul.27) Sinixt Nation Headman Vance Robert "Bob" Campbell welcomes the Annual Slocan Unity Festival 2013. [video] https://youtu.be/1_g_ZkAlE-g?si=s5HIU6wAXu7JRMK-
Bob Campbell
Bob Campbell is the son of Eva Orr, and the Headman of the Autonomous Sinixt. Above you can hear Bob welcoming people to the 2013 Slocan Lake Unity Festival, the day after a tragic jet fuel spill into the Slocan River.
Bob came to the Slocan Valley with his family to participate in the peaceful protest to reclaim their ancestral homeland.
Read an article about Bob Campbell in the Tyee
James, M. (2017, Oct. 2) Sinixt Laws & The Language of Water. [video] kai cabodyna vimeo. https://vimeo.com/236422314
Marilyn James
Marilyn James is the current Matriarch of the Autonomous Sinixt inheriting Smum-iem (traditional Sinixt matriarchal governance) from Eva Orr. In this video she explains 2 important Sinixt traditional laws which she is responsible for upholding in the territory. She has lived in the Slocan Valley for over 30 years, caretaking an ancient village and burial grounds at Nk̓ʕáwxtən (Vallican), the site of one of the longest First Nations occupations in Canadian history.
James is an educator holding a Master's of Education from Simon Fraser University, storyteller, activist and co-author of
Not Extinct: "Not Extinct: Keeping the Sinixt Way" (2023)
Kazimi,A. (2022, May 9) Beyond Extinction: Sinixt Resurgence(Trailer) [video] A Kazimi youtube.
https://youtu.be/w_TBc4GGFMc?si=VtCnDTtQWL_0ebLQ
Alvina/Lavina Lum
Alvina Lum was the mother of Marilyn James and one of the Sinixt Elders who returned to the Slocan Valley in 1987 to set up a peaceful re-occupation of a Sinixt village and burial site at Nk̓ʕáwxtən (Vallican, BC). Marilyn James describes listening to her mother and Eva Orr tell traditional stories together in her book "Not Extinct - Keeping the Sinixt Way", which helped keep these stories alive to the present day. The film "Beyond Extinct : A Sinixt Resurgance" by Ali Kazimi tells the story of the struggle of the Autonomous Sinixt to reclaim their ancestral homeland. (See the trailer above - unfortunately, I can't find where it is possible to watch this film currently.)
Orr, E. ( 2013, Mar. 9 ) Swarak'xn Frog Mountain Story in sn-selxcin by Sinixt Eva Adolph Orr (recorded in late 1990s.) Sinixt Nation. youtube. https://youtu.be/buOjN1g3KkU?si=eXlN1Xye1gcNGj5-
Eva Orr
Eva Orr was a Sinixt Matriarch and elder who returned to the Slocan Valley to set up a peaceful re-occupation of a Sinixt vilage & burial site in 1986, and requested the repatriation of Sinixt ancestors who had been removed from their graves and sent to a museum during a road building project at Nk̓ʕáwxtən (Vallican, BC). She was born in 1910 and is described as being one of the last Sinixt to be born free on Sinixt territory. (Wonders, 2010) According to the Autonomous Sinixt website, she passed on the Smum-iem (Sinixt traditional matriarchal system of governance) to Marilyn James. She also shared the story of Frog Mountain in the Slocan Valley, as well as a particular Salish dialect called Snslxcin, which has some differences from n̓syilxčn̓. Listen to the story of Swarax'en (Frog) Mountain told by Eva Orr in the video above.
A new children's book based on Eva's recorded story of Swarax'en (Frog) Mountain is: Captikʷɬ t Swara̓k’xn, the Legend o Frog Mountain (2023)
Reflections for Educators:
Have you ever reflected on gender bias in our governance system? What do you know about matriarchal governance systems?
Do you know of any other Indigenous groups where there are differences of opinion between traditional models of governance and the band system forced upon First Nations by the Indian Act?
What do you know about the Indian Act? In what ways might the Indian Act and it's imposed system of governance changed the power dynamics in traditional First Nations societies?
What is your relationship with the Autonomous Sinixt? Have you attended any of their events or visited the Nk̓ʕáwxtən (Vallican) pithouse heritage site?
What can you do to learn more, understand and build better relationships with the Autonomous Sinixt? What is holding you back?
Refences:
Acker, K. (nd.) coyote in tall grass.[image] NPS. https://www.nps.gov/caha/learn/nature/images/DSC_6240361_2_1.jpeg
Alexis, T. [2023] Interview on Kootenay Co-Op Radio, Morning Show [Audio] Soundcloud.
https://soundcloud.com/kcrnews/may-22-2023-kootenay-morning-with-taress-alexis
Autonomous Sinixt (2024) Autonomous Sinixt [website] https://sinixt.org/
Campbell, B. (2013, Jul.27) Sinixt Nation Headman Vance Robert "Bob" Campbell welcomes the Annual Slocan Unity Festival 2013. [video]
Sinixt Nation youtube. https://youtu.be/1_g_ZkAlE-g?si=s5HIU6wAXu7JRMK-
Chrona, J. (2022) Wayi Wah! Indigenous Pedagogies – An Act for Reconciliation and Anti-Racist Education. Portage & Main Press.
Folini, F. (2012) Jumping coyote [image] CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coyote_(Canis_latrans)_(7147080735).jpg
James, M. (2017, Oct. 2) Sinixt Laws & The Language of Water. [video] kai cabodyna vimeo. https://vimeo.com/236422314
Kazimi,A. (2022, May 9) Beyond Extinction: Sinixt Resurgence(Trailer) [video] A Kazimi youtube.
https://youtu.be/w_TBc4GGFMc?si=VtCnDTtQWL_0ebLQ
Orr, E. ( 2013, Mar. 9 ) Swarak'xn Frog Mountain Story in sn-selxcin by Sinixt Eva Adolph Orr (recorded in late 1990s.) Sinixt Nation. youtube.
https://youtu.be/buOjN1g3KkU?si=eXlN1Xye1gcNGj5-
Wonders, K. (2010) Vallican. First Nations Land Rights and Environmentalism in BC. http://www.firstnations.de/invasion/sinixt-vallican.htm