IndoLingo - Tenses

Present Simple Tense

What do you usually do every day?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang biasanya kamu lakukan setiap hari?"
- Explanation: "Apa yang" means "What," and "biasanya" means "usually."
What time do you usually get up?
- Indonesian: "Jam berapa kamu biasanya bangun?"
- Explanation: "Jam berapa" means "What time," and "biasanya bangun" means "usually get up."
How long do you usually work for every day?
- Indonesian: "Berapa lama kamu biasanya bekerja setiap hari?"
- Explanation: "Berapa lama" means "How long," and "biasanya bekerja" means "usually work."
Do you usually get up early?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu biasanya bangun pagi?"
- Explanation: "Apakah" is a question marker used for yes/no questions, "biasanya bangun pagi" means "usually get up early."
Do you ever sleep in?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu pernah bangun kesiangan?"
- Explanation: "Pernah" means "ever," and "bangun kesiangan" means "sleep in."
Do you usually go to bed early?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu biasanya tidur awal?"
- Explanation: "Biasanya tidur awal" means "usually go to bed early."
Do you ever stay up late?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu pernah begadang?"
- Explanation: "Begadang" means "stay up late."

Present Continuous Tense

What are you doing right now?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan sekarang?"
- Explanation: "Sedang" indicates a continuous action, and "sekarang" means "right now."
At the moment I'm reading this.
- Indonesian: "Saat ini saya sedang membaca ini."
- Explanation: "Saat ini" means "at the moment," and "sedang membaca" means "am reading."
Are you finding it difficult?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu merasa ini sulit?"
- Explanation: "Merasa" means "find" in the context of "feel," and "sulit" means "difficult."
I'm finding it slightly difficult but interesting.
- Indonesian: "Saya merasa ini sedikit sulit tapi menarik."
- Explanation: "Sedikit sulit" means "slightly difficult," and "menarik" means "interesting."

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

How long have you been reading this?
- Indonesian: "Sudah berapa lama kamu membaca ini?"
- Explanation: "Sudah berapa lama" means "How long have you been," indicating ongoing action.
I've been reading this for about 5 minutes.
- Indonesian: "Saya sudah membaca ini sekitar 5 menit."
- Explanation: "Sudah membaca" means "have been reading," and "sekitar 5 menit" means "for about 5 minutes."

Present Perfect Tense

Have you ever read this before?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu pernah membaca ini sebelumnya?"
- Explanation: "Pernah" means "ever," and "sebelumnya" means "before."
No, I haven't.
- Indonesian: "Tidak, belum pernah."
- Explanation: "Belum pernah" means "haven't."
Have you finished yet?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu sudah selesai?"
- Explanation: "Sudah selesai" means "finished yet."
No, I haven't - but I'm about to.
- Indonesian: "Tidak, belum - tapi saya hampir selesai."
- Explanation: "Belum" means "haven't," and "hampir selesai" means "about to finish."

Past Simple Tense

Did you do anything special last night?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu melakukan sesuatu yang spesial tadi malam?"
- Explanation: "Melakukan sesuatu yang spesial" means "do anything special."
Yes, we went out.
- Indonesian: "Ya, kami keluar."
- Explanation: "Kami keluar" means "we went out."
Where did you go?
- Indonesian: "Ke mana kalian pergi?"
- Explanation: "Ke mana" means "where to."
We went over to our friends' place.
- Indonesian: "Kami pergi ke rumah teman kami."
- Explanation: "Rumah teman kami" means "our friends' place."
What did you get up to there?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang kalian lakukan di sana?"
- Explanation: "Lakukan di sana" means "do there."
We just sat around talking.
- Indonesian: "Kami hanya duduk-duduk sambil ngobrol."
- Explanation: "Duduk-duduk sambil ngobrol" means "sat around talking."
What time did you get home?
- Indonesian: "Jam berapa kalian pulang?"
- Explanation: "Jam berapa" means "what time," and "pulang" means "get home."
We got home quite late.
- Indonesian: "Kami pulang cukup larut."
- Explanation: "Cukup larut" means "quite late."

Past Continuous Tense

What were you doing at 11 p.m. last night?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan jam 11 malam tadi?"
- Explanation: "Sedang lakukan" indicates continuous past action, "tadi malam" means "last night."
I was getting ready to go to bed.
- Indonesian: "Saya sedang bersiap untuk tidur."
- Explanation: "Sedang bersiap" means "was getting ready."
Were you doing anything yesterday?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu melakukan sesuatu kemarin?"
- Explanation: "Kemarin" means "yesterday."
Yes, I was. We were busy all day.
- Indonesian: "Ya, saya ada. Kami sibuk sepanjang hari."
- Explanation: "Kami sibuk" means "we were busy," "sepanjang hari" means "all day."
What were you doing?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan?"
- Explanation: "Sedang lakukan" indicates continuous past action.
We were having a look around.
- Indonesian: "Kami sedang melihat-lihat."
- Explanation: "Melihat-lihat" means "having a look around."
What were you doing before you came to Indonesia?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang kamu lakukan sebelum kamu datang ke Indonesia?"
- Explanation: "Sebelum" means "before," "datang ke Indonesia" means "came to Indonesia."
I was working until just before I left.
- Indonesian: "Saya sedang bekerja sampai sebelum saya pergi."
- Explanation: "Sedang bekerja" means "was working," "sampai sebelum" means "until just before."
What kind of work were you doing?
- Indonesian: "Pekerjaan apa yang kamu lakukan?"
- Explanation: "Pekerjaan apa" means "what kind of work."
I was working as a teacher for a school.
- Indonesian: "Saya bekerja sebagai guru di sebuah sekolah."
- Explanation: "Sebagai guru" means "as a teacher," "di sebuah sekolah" means "for a school."

Past Perfect Tense

Did you know any Bahasa before you came to Indonesia?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu sudah tahu Bahasa sebelum kamu datang ke Indonesia?"
- Explanation: "Sudah tahu" means "knew," indicating knowledge before a past event.
Yes, I did.
- Indonesian: "Ya, saya sudah tahu."
- Explanation: "Sudah tahu" means "knew."
How come you already knew some Bahasa?
- Indonesian: "Mengapa kamu sudah tahu sedikit Bahasa?"
- Explanation: "Mengapa" means "how come," "sedikit Bahasa" means "some Bahasa."
  
  Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Because I had already been studying Bahasa for a few months before I came.
- Indonesian: "Karena saya sudah belajar Bahasa selama beberapa bulan sebelum saya datang."
- Explanation: "Sudah belajar" means "had been studying," "sebelum saya datang" means "before I came."
What had you just finished reading before you started reading this?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang baru saja kamu selesaikan membaca sebelum kamu mulai membaca ini?"
- Explanation: "Baru saja selesai membaca" means "just finished reading," "sebelum kamu mulai membaca" means "before you started reading."
I had been reading the previous section about the present tenses.
- Indonesian: "Saya baru saja membaca bagian sebelumnya tentang tenses present."
- Explanation: "Baru saja membaca" means "had been reading," "bagian sebelumnya" means "previous section."

General Discussion About the Future

What are you doing tomorrow?
- Indonesian: "Apa rencana kamu besok?"
- Explanation: "Rencana" means "plans."
I am working from 9 a.m. until 4 p.m.
- Indonesian: "Saya bekerja dari jam 9 pagi sampai jam 4 sore."
- Explanation: "Dari jam 9 pagi sampai jam 4 sore" indicates specific times.
Can you change those times?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu bisa mengubah jam kerja itu?"
- Explanation: "Mengubah" means "change."
No, I work the same hours every day. Except Sundays - that is my day off.
- Indonesian: "Tidak, saya bekerja pada jam yang sama setiap hari. Kecuali hari Minggu - itu hari libur saya."
- Explanation: "Kecuali" means "except."
I am working every day next week too. My roster has already been set.
- Indonesian: "Saya juga bekerja setiap hari minggu depan. Jadwal saya sudah ditetapkan."
- Explanation: "Sudah ditetapkan" means "has already been set."
Are you planning to do anything on Sunday?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu berencana melakukan sesuatu pada hari Minggu?"
- Explanation: "Berencana" means "planning."
I'm thinking of going for a ride on the scooter to do some exploring along the coast.
- Indonesian: "Saya berpikir untuk naik skuter untuk menjelajah di sepanjang pantai."
- Explanation: "Berpikir untuk" means "thinking of."
But I haven't decided yet. It will depend on the weather.
- Indonesian: "Tapi saya belum memutuskan. Itu tergantung cuaca."
- Explanation: "Belum memutuskan" means "haven't decided," "tergantung cuaca" means "depend on the weather."
If it rains, I'll stay here.
- Indonesian: "Jika hujan, saya akan tetap di sini."
- Explanation: "Jika" means "if," "akan tetap di sini" means "will stay here."
What time are you going to be leaving?
- Indonesian: "Jam berapa kamu akan berangkat?"
- Explanation: "Akan berangkat" means "going to be leaving."
I'm going to try to get away early.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan mencoba pergi lebih awal."
- Explanation: "Lebih awal" means "early."
Would you like to come with me?
- Indonesian: "Apakah kamu mau ikut dengan saya?"
- Explanation: "Mau ikut" means "like to come."
I'll think about it.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan memikirkannya."
- Explanation: "Memikirkannya" means "think about it."
Actually, if the weather is looking dodgy, I think I might stay here and do some study.
- Indonesian: "Sebenarnya, jika cuaca terlihat tidak baik, saya mungkin akan tetap di sini dan belajar."
- Explanation: "Terlihat tidak baik" means "looking dodgy."
I think I might come back to this page to review it later on.
- Indonesian: "Saya pikir saya mungkin akan kembali ke halaman ini untuk meninjaunya nanti."
- Explanation: "Meninjaunya" means "review it."

Future Simple Tense

I might do it. (but I'm not sure yet - I haven't made up my mind.)
- Indonesian: "Saya mungkin akan melakukannya. (tapi saya belum yakin - saya belum memutuskan.)"
- Explanation: "Mungkin akan" means "might," "belum yakin" means "not sure yet."
I will do it. (I have just made the decision.)
- Indonesian: "Saya akan melakukannya. (Saya baru saja memutuskan.)"
- Explanation: "Akan melakukannya" means "will do it."
I am going to do it. (I have already decided.)
- Indonesian: "Saya akan melakukannya. (Saya sudah memutuskan.)"
- Explanation: "Sudah memutuskan" means "already decided."

Future Continuous Tense

I will be doing it.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan melakukannya."
- Explanation: The continuous aspect is often understood from context.
I'm going to be doing it.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan melakukannya."
- Explanation: Similar to "I will be doing it."
I'm going to be working all day long tomorrow.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan bekerja sepanjang hari besok."
- Explanation: "Sepanjang hari" means "all day long."
I'll be starting at 9 and finishing at 4.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan mulai jam 9 dan selesai jam 4."
- Explanation: "Mulai" means "starting," "selesai" means "finishing."

Future Perfect Tense

I will have done it.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan sudah melakukannya."
- Explanation: "Akan sudah melakukannya" conveys "will have done it."
What will you have achieved by the time you leave Indonesia this time?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang akan kamu capai sebelum kamu meninggalkan Indonesia kali ini?"
- Explanation: "Akan kamu capai" means "will you have achieved."
I will have learned to speak a lot more Indonesian.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan sudah belajar banyak Bahasa Indonesia."
- Explanation: "Sudah belajar" means "have learned."
I will have spent a lot of money - so I'll need to get a job when I get home.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan sudah menghabiskan banyak uang - jadi saya harus mencari pekerjaan saat pulang."
- Explanation: "Menghabiskan banyak uang" means "spent a lot of money."
I will have had a lot of memorable experiences.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan sudah memiliki banyak pengalaman yang berkesan."
- Explanation: "Pengalaman yang berkesan" means "memorable experiences."
Before I go to bed tonight I will have reviewed this page at least one more time.
- Indonesian: "Sebelum tidur malam ini, saya akan sudah meninjau halaman ini setidaknya satu kali lagi."
- Explanation: "Meninjau" means "review."

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

I will have been doing it.
- Indonesian: "Saya akan sudah melakukan ini."
- Explanation: The perfect continuous aspect is often inferred from context.
How long will you have been in Indonesia altogether this time?
- Indonesian: "Sudah berapa lama kamu akan berada di Indonesia kali ini?"
- Explanation: "Sudah berapa lama" means "how long will you have been."
By the time my visa runs out, I will have been in Indonesia for two months.
- Indonesian: "Ketika visa saya habis, saya akan sudah berada di Indonesia selama dua bulan."
- Explanation: "Ketika visa saya habis" means "by the time my visa runs out."

Future 'First' Conditional Tense

If I study, I will learn.
- Indonesian: "Jika saya belajar, saya akan belajar."
- Explanation: "Jika" means "if."
If I don't study, I won't learn.
- Indonesian: "Jika saya tidak belajar, saya tidak akan belajar."
- Explanation: "Tidak akan belajar" means "won't learn."
Unless I study, I will not learn.
- Indonesian: "Kecuali saya belajar, saya tidak akan belajar."
- Explanation: "Kecuali" means "unless."
As long as I study, I learn.
- Indonesian: "Selama saya belajar, saya akan belajar."
- Explanation: "Selama" means "as long as."
As soon as I stop studying, I will forget.
- Indonesian: "Begitu saya berhenti belajar, saya akan lupa."
- Explanation: "Begitu" means "as soon as," "lupa" means "forget."
In case I forget, I will write it down.
- Indonesian: "Jika saya lupa, saya akan menulisnya."
- Explanation: "Menulisnya" means "write it down."

Second Conditional

I'm not going to study - but if I were to, I would learn.
- Indonesian: "Saya tidak akan belajar - tapi jika saya belajar, saya akan belajar."
- Explanation: The structure remains similar but "jika" means "if."
What would happen if you were to study more?
- Indonesian: "Apa yang akan terjadi jika kamu belajar lebih banyak?"
- Explanation: "Akan terjadi" means "would happen."
If I were to study more, I would probably learn more.
- Indonesian: "Jika saya belajar lebih banyak, saya mungkin akan belajar lebih banyak."
- Explanation: "Mungkin akan" means "would probably."
I will definitely need to read this again.
- Indonesian: "Saya pasti perlu membaca ini lagi."
- Explanation: "Pasti perlu" means "definitely need to."