There are no other principles not applied by the teacher nor listed in the table.

Based on what we observed, the skills that developed during the learning process are critical thinking skills, collaboration skills, writing skills, communication skills, and listening skills.

To develop and enhance the needed skills, the teacher employed inquiry-based instruction wherein the questions require HOTS and encouraged them to recite and explain their answers. Additionally, the teacher provided exercises and engaging activities that were student-centered and led to active participation from the pupils. Furthermore, the teacher encouraged kids by complimenting them, asking how their day was, and gently correcting any pupils who gave incorrect answers. This helped to foster a positive, supportive, and encouraging learning atmosphere.

The teacher pays close attention to the students by engaging with them and listening to their answers, which falls under active listening. Being able to give and receive feedback appropriately is an important communication skill. The teacher is also presented with confidence during the discussion and has a relaxed body stance with a friendly tone that makes her approachable and delivers the lesson more effectively. The teacher sometimes cracked jokes to lift up the mood and make the learning process more engaging and interesting. Both teachers and students have respect for each other. Allowing others to speak without interruption is seen as a necessary communication skill tied to respect.

The students show their interest during the discussion by attentively answering the questions given to them and explaining them very well. Everyone is also actively participating by sharing their thoughts and ideas about their topic, and because of the use of strategies by the teacher, it made the class more peaceful and organized. The better their communication skills, the more effectively they can perform the tasks. In return, the learner found success by interacting and engaging in different tasks and activities, and they were motivated to answer all the questions and participate in class.

Answer the following questions:

Yes, the teacher's application of learning principles is appropriate given the student's characteristics and the learning environment since she starts by setting high and specific standards for learning outcomes. The teaching-learning process is also centered on the student, with the teacher creating a learning environment that promotes active participation and aids students in knowing who they are as learners. She also embodies the idea that learning is the process of discovering one's own unique meaning and the relevance of concepts, and she values her students' understanding of this concept.

We've noticed several passive learners during the teaching and learning process. According to our assessment, the following are some potential explanations for their passivity: slow learner, unprepared or didn't read beforehand, not their subject of interest, shy, fear of reciting, and others. However, it is noticeable that the teacher called on those who hadn't yet recited at random to participate in the class discussion. In that way, the students will participate in the teaching and learning process and have a sense of belonging.

The communication strategies used by the teacher are appropriate to the level of the learners because she used language in the conversation that allowed the students to understand the subject with ease. She respects the learners' ideas and insights, taking into account their comprehension level and, if necessary, rephrasing their responses to remove any confusion for better comprehension. She also makes sure to modify her voice. Overall, the whole class discussion is organized and interactive, which is set by the teacher’s use of communication strategies.

If we are the teacher, the possible learning principles that we would apply to elicit meaningful learning is by understanding and accepting their differences as learners. We all know that Learning differences refer to the various learning styles and rates that all pupils exhibit. Learning differences consider each student's unique learning motivators, learning experiences, interests, and cultural background, as well as their strengths and needs. As a teacher, we need to be fair to our pupils/learners. We will also make them apply cooperative and collaborative skills among themselves through group activities so that the students will be able to share their ideas and opinions with each other. In addition, we will create a welcoming learning environment or to involve them in the class. Creating a supportive and responsive environment that is tuned to stimulate the learners to become active.

For us, the principle 1 which states that effective learning begins with the setting of clear and high expectations of learning outcomes, is the most important because setting clear, attainable and learner-centered learning outcomes sets the direction of the teaching-learning process. By doing this at the start of the class, teachers can help students understand what they need to learn and master by the end of the lesson. Along with this, it will assist teachers in choosing and utilizing the proper teaching and learning strategies and in determining the type of assessment that will be employed to ensure that students meet the desired learning outcomes.

It would be like traveling on an infinite road with no known destination if you didn't know what your goals or objectives were. Therefore, this idea is crucial since it supports and directs the teaching-learning process.

We learned that students have different kinds of intelligence. Some of them are active in collaborative activities; some are more confident working alone. We also learned how important it is for a teacher to have various strategies for giving activities because students have different levels of understanding. We also learned that students actively participate when they enjoy the way you teach.