Search this site
Embedded Files
Dr Ks RE Website
  • Home
  • About
    • Gloucestershire Agreed Syllabus & SACRE
  • Yr 7-8
    • Year 7
      • Knowledge Organisers Yr 7
    • Year 8
      • Knowledge Organisers Yr 8
    • Islam
    • Hinduism
    • Christianity
    • Sikhism
    • Buddhism
    • Other Worldviews
    • Recommended Reading
  • GCSE Eduqas RS
    • Specification Tick Sheets-SCGCSE
    • Key Words-SCGCSE
      • Christian Key Words
        • The Nature of God
        • Creation
        • Jesus Christ
          • Beliefs and teachings about the incarnation of Jesus
          • Gospel of Mark
        • Eschatological Beliefs
        • Apostles Creed and Nicene Creed
        • Salvation and Atonement
      • Islamic Key words (shia)
        • Tawhid (Oneness)
        • Al-Adalat (Divine Justice)
        • Al-Nubuwwah (Prophethood)
        • Al-Imamah (Divine Leadership)
        • Al-Ma’ad (Hereafter)
        • Shi'a beliefs about Kutub (holy books), Malaikah (angels) and Al-Qadr (pred
          • Kutub (holy books)
          • Malaikah (angels)
          • Al-Qadr
      • Islamic practices Key Words
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
    • Knowledge Organisers-Eduqas-GCSE
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings KO SC
      • Christian Practices KO
      • Islamic Beliefs and Teachings KO
      • Islamic Practices KO
      • Relationships KO
      • Life and Death Issues KO
      • Good and Evil KO
      • Human Rights KO
    • Topic on a Page GCSE
      • Christain Beliefs and Teachings ToaP
      • Christian Practices ToaP
      • Islamic Beliefs and teachings ToaP
      • Islamic Practices (TOAP)
      • Relationships ToaP
      • Life and Death Issues ToaP
      • Human Rights ToaP
      • Good and Evil ToaP
    • Quizs Review / Recall / Revision SC
    • Quotes-SCGCSE
      • Christian Teaching-Quotes
      • Muslim Teaching-Quotes
      • Relationships -Quotes
      • Life and Death Issues-Quotes
    • Videos-SCGCSE
      • Christain Teachings and Beliefs-SCGCSE
      • Islamic Teachings and Beliefs-SCGCSE
      • Life And Death Issues-SCGCSE
      • Relationships-SCGCSE
    • Practice Questions-GCSE-RS
      • Christian Teachings Practice Questions
      • Christian Practices Practice Questions
      • Muslim Teachings Practice Questions
      • Christian Practices Model Answers
      • Muslim Practices
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
      • Good and Evil Practice Questions
      • Human Rights Practice Questions
    • Mark Schemes + Model Essay Answers SC
      • Example Christian Belief Answers
      • Example Muslim Belief Answers
      • Example Relationships Answers
      • Example Good and Evil Answers
      • Example Life + Death Answers
      • Example Human Rights Answers
      • Example Christian Practices Essay Answers
      • Example Islamic Practices Model Essay Answers
      • 2024 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2023 Mk-Sch GCSE RS
      • 2023 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2022 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2022 Mk-Sch GCSE RS
      • 2021 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2020 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2020 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2019 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2019 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2018 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2018 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2016 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2016 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
    • SAMPLE EXAM PAPERS SC
      • Christian Teachings Practice Papers
      • Muslim Teachings Practice Papers
      • Relationships Practice Papers
      • Life and death Issues Practice Papers
    • GCSE Express Revision Notes-SCGCSE
    • Learning Mats / Posters-SCGCSE
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings
      • Christian Practices LMAPS
      • Islamic Beliefs and Teachings LMAP
      • Islamic Practices LMAPS
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
      • Good and Evil LMAPS
      • Human Rights LMAPS
    • Revision Guides + PPTS-GCSE
      • Christian Teachings
      • Christian Practices
      • Muslim Teachings
      • Muslim Pratices Rev
      • Good and Evil
      • Human Rights
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
    • Advice on Answering Questions
    • Practice Papers
    • Topic Tests
      • Islamic T+B Topic Test
      • Christian Beliefs + Teachings
      • Relationships Topic Test
      • Life And Death Topic Test
    • Topic Content for SC RE Learn Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Christian B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • QUESTIONS Christian B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Islamic B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Relationships SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Life + Death SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
    • Homework
  • GCSE Other
    • Specification Tick Sheets- FC GCSE
    • Key Words-FC GCSE
    • Knowledge Organisors FC GCSE
      • Buddhist Beliefs and Teachings KO
      • Buddhist Practices KO
      • Relationships KO
      • Life and Death Issues KO
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings KO
    • Topic on a Page FC
      • Buddhist Beliefs and Teachings Toap
      • Buddhist Practices ToaP
    • Quotes- FC
      • Christian Practices Quotes
      • Buddhist Teachings Quotes
        • Dream + Birth Import + Other Quotes
        • 4 Sights Imp + Orther Quotes
        • Ascetic Life- The Buddha – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Enlightenment and Teaching- The Buddha–Imp + Other Quotes
        • The Dhamma//Dharma–Imp + Other Quotes
        • Nirvana – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Four noble truths– Imp + Other Quotes
        • Eightfold path- Importance + Other Quotes
        • Dependent origination/conditionality- Importance + Other Quotes
        • Three Marks of Existence – Imp + Other Quotes
        • 5 Skandhas –Human Personality – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Sunyata + Buddha Nature - Human Imp + Other Quotes
        • arhat and bodhisattva- Human Destiny -Imp + Other Quotes
        • Mahayana Imp + Other Quotes
        • Pureland - Human Destiny – Imp + Other Quotes Land
        • Karma The Five Precepts and 6 Perfections Imp + Other Quotes
      • Buddhist Practices Quotes
      • Good and Evil Quotes
      • Human Rights Quotes
    • Videos-FC GCSE
    • Practice Questions FC
      • Buddhist Teachings Questions
      • Buddhist Practices Practice Questions
    • Model Answers FC
      • Buddhist Teachings Model Answers
      • Buddhist Pratices Model Answers
    • FC Revision Guides + PPTs
      • Buddhist Teachings
      • Buddhist Practices
    • Podcasts
  • ALEVEL
    • Summer Transition Work
    • Philosophy -GCE
      • SPEC PHIL
      • DICTIONARY -P
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-D
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-D
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-D
        • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel-D
        • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-D
        • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-D
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-D
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil-D
      • Personal Learning Checkers -P
      • Knowledge Organisers -P
        • KO Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
        • KO Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument -P
        • KO Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel -P
        • KO Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument -P
        • KO Unit 2.1 Religious Experience -P
        • KO Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-P
        • KO Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil -P
        • KO Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
        • KO Anthology 2 JL Mackie -P
        • KO Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol -P
        • KO Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
        • KO Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
        • KO Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
        • KO Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
        • KO Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
        • KO 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
        • KO 6.3 Science and Religion-P
      • Topic On a Page GCE -P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-P
        • ToaP-Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience -P
        • ToaP-Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-P
        • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol-P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
        • ToaP-Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
        • ToaP-Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
        • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
        • ToaP-6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
        • ToaP-6.3 Science and Religion-P
      • SELF STUDY -P
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-SSP
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-SSP
        • Anthology 1 Coplestone and Russel
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument
        • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience
        • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil
        • Anthology 2 JL Mackie
        • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol
        • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification
        • Anthology 3 Flew and Hare
        • Anthology 4 Mitchel and Flew
        • Unit 4.3 Language Games
        • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion
        • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars
        • Unit 6.1 Life after Death
        • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death
        • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
      • Revision-P
        • Unit 1.1 Design Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 2.1 Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 2.2 The Arg from Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as sol to the Prob of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 2 JL Mackie Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.3 Language Games Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.1 Life after Death Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion Revision GCE RS -P
      • PEQs + Model Essays Phil
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
        • Anthology 1 PEQs + Model Ans -P
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
        • Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
        • Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
        • Unit 3.1 The Prob of E+S PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
        • Unit 3.2 Theodices PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
        • Anthology 2 PEQs + Model Ans -P
        • Unit 4.1 Reg Lang Analogy + Symbol PEQs + Model Essays-P
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 PEQs Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
        • Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal PEQs + Model Essays-P
          • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
        • Anthology 3 -P
        • Anthology 4 -P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Reg Lang Lang Games -P
          • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.1 Scholars Critiques + Postmod -P
          • 8 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 12 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 20 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 30 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.2 Scholars Cop + Rus -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 12 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 20 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 30 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.1 Life After Death -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.2 Arguments 4 LaD -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.3 Science and Religion -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
      • Topic Tests Phil
        • Unit 1.1 TT Design Arg -P
          • Unit 1 TT Answers Design Arg
        • Unit 1.2 TT 1st Casue Arg -P
        • TT Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel
        • Unit 1.3 TT Onto Arg -P
        • Unit 3.1 TT Problem of Evil
        • Unit 2.1 TT Nat of Rel Exp
        • Unit 2.2 TT Arg from Rel Exp
        • Unit 3.1 TT The Prob of Evil
        • Unit 3.2 TT Sol to the Prob of Evil
        • TT Anthology 2 JL Mackie
        • Unit 4.1 TT Analogy and Symbol
        • Unit 4.2 TT Verification and Falsification
        • TT Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare
        • TT Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew
        • Unit 4.3 TT Language Games
        • Unit 5.1 TT Critiques of Religion
        • Unit 5.2 TT Work of Scholars
        • Unit 6.1 TT Life after Death
        • Unit 6.2 TT Points for discussion about LAD
        • Unit 6.3 TT Science and Religion
      • SAMs EG Ans-P
        • 2022-P
        • 2022 Exemplars-E
        • 2019-P
        • 2018 AS-P
        • 2018-P
        • 2017 AS-P
        • SAMS-P
      • Rec Reading -P
      • Philosophy Podcasts
      • Weblinks -P
    • Ethics -GCE
      • DICTIONARY -E
        • Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-D
        • Unit 1.2 Equality-D
        • Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-D
        • Unit 2.2 Situation ethics-D
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics-D
        • Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-D
        • Unit 3.1 War and Peace-D
        • Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-D
        • Anthology 4 Virtue Ethics-D
        • Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics-D
        • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -D
        • Anthology 3 Kant-D
        • Unit 6.1a Issues in medical ethics with a focus on beginning + end-D
      • SPEC ETHICS
      • Knowledge Organisers -E
        • KO Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
        • KO Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • KO Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • KO Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • KO Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
        • KO Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • KO Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • KO Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • KO Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
        • KO Unit 5.1a Kant -E
        • KO Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
        • KO Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
        • KO Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
      • Topic On a Page GCE -E
        • ToaP-Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-E
        • ToaP-Unit 3.1 War and Peace-E
        • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics_E
        • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality
        • ToaP-Unit 5.1 A comparison of the work of Scholars-E
        • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Beginning of life Medical Issues-E
      • Ethics Personal Learning Checkers
      • SELF STUDY -E
        • Work Booklets
        • SS Environmental Ethics -E
        • SS Equality -E
        • SS Utilitarianism -E
        • SS Natural Moral Law -E
        • SS Situation Ethics -E
        • SS Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
        • SS Sexual Ethics -E
        • SS War and Peace -E
        • SS Anthology 2 Aristotle Virtue Ethics -E
        • SS Meta-ethics -E
        • SS Religion and Morality -E
        • SS Virtue Ethics + Kant -E
        • SS Anthology 3 Kantian Deontology -E
        • SS Medical Ethics -E
        • Anthology 4 Euthanasia Michel Wilcockson
      • Topic Tests -E
        • TT Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
        • TT Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • TT Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • TT Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • TT Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
        • TT Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • TT Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • TT Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • TT Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
        • TT Unit 5.1a Kant -E
        • TT Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
        • TT Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
        • TT Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
      • PEQs + Model Essays -E
        • PEQs Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • PEQs Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • Anthology 2 Aristotle VE -E
        • PEQs Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
        • PEQs Unit 5.1 Kant + Aristotle
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 Kant and Aristotle -E
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 -E
        • Anthology 3 Kant PEQs
        • PEQs Unit 6.1Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life
          • 8 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 12 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 20 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 30 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
        • Anthology 4 Wilcockson -E
      • Revision E
        • 1.1 Environmental Ethics R
        • 1.2 Equality R
        • 2.1 Utilitarianism R
        • 2.3 Natural Moral Law R
        • 2.3 Situation Ethics R
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics R
        • 3.1 War and Pacifism R
        • 3.2 Sexual Ethics R
        • 6 Medical Ethics R
        • 4.1 Meta Ethics R
        • 4.2 Religion and Morality R
        • 5a Virtue Ethics R
        • 5b Kantian Ethics R
        • 6.1-2 Medical Ethics R
      • Rec Reading + Web Links -E
      • Ethics Podcasts
      • SAMs EG Ans-E
        • 2022-E
        • 2022 Ex-E
        • 2019-E
        • 2018 AS-E
        • 2018-E
        • 2017 AS-E
        • SAMS 2016-E
    • Buddhism -GCE
      • SPEC BUD
      • PLCs -B
      • Knowledge Organisers -B
        • KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
          • EXT KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
        • KO-Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
        • KO-Unit 1.3 3 refuges
        • KO-Unit 1.4 Moral Principles
        • KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
          • EXTD KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
        • KO-Anthology 1 Armstrong
        • KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • EXTD KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
        • KO-Unit 3.1 Theravada
        • KO-Unit 3.2 Mahayana
        • KO-Anthology 2 Basham -B
        • KO-Unit 3.3 Meditation
        • KO-Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
        • KO-Unit 4.2 Triratna
        • KO-Unit 4.3 Gender
        • KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • EXT KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
        • KO-Anthology 3 Rahula -B
        • KO-Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
        • KO-Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
      • Revision-B
        • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths - R
        • Unit 1.2 3 Marks + 5 Khandas -R
        • Unit 1.3 3 Refuges -R
        • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -R
        • Unit 2.1 Buddha -R
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong -R
        • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -R
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada-R
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-R
        • Anthology 2 Basham -R
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation-R
        • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-R
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna-R
        • Unit 4.3 Gender-R
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-R
        • Anthology 3 Rahula-R
        • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-R
        • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-R
      • Dictionary
        • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths Dictionary
        • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas Dictionary
        • Unit 1.3 The three refuges Dictionary
        • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles Dictionary
        • Unit 2.1 The Buddha Dictionary
        • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka Dictionary
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada Dictionary
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation Dictionary
        • Unit 4.1 The Spread of Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna Dictionary
        • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 5.1 The Work of Scholars Dictionary
        • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa Dictionary
        • 6.2 Buddhism and Science.
      • Dictionary Express
      • Buddhism PEQs + Model Answers
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
          • 8 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.3 3 refuges
          • 8 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.4 Moral Prin
          • 8 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Q Model Answers UNit 1.4 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 2.1 Buddha
          • 8 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Anthology 1 Armstrong
        • Mod An Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Bud Unit 2.2
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An UNit 2.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.1 Theravada
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An UNit 3.1 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.2 Mahayana
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Anthology 2 Mahayana -B
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.3 Meditation
          • 8mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 12 Mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 20 MK Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 30 mk answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.2 Triratna
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.3 Gender
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Anthology 3 Rahula -B
        • Mod Ans Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
        • Mod Ans Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
        • Anthology 4 Yodhjiva Sutta -B
      • Self Study -B
        • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths -SS
        • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas -SS
        • Unit 1.3 The three refuges -SS
        • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles-SS
        • Unit 2.1 The Life of the Buddha -SS
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong - The Enl of The B -SS
        • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka -SS
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism -SS
        • Anthology 2 A.L.Basham -SS
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation -SS
        • Unit 4.1 The spread of Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 4.2 Tritratna -SS
        • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars -SS
        • Anthology 3 Rahula --SS
        • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa. -SS
        • Anthology 4 Yodhajiva Sutta --SS
        • Unit 6.2 Buddhism and Contemporary Society -SS
        • Revision Booklets
        • Exam Guidance & Tips
      • Topic Tests -B
        • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths -TT
        • Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas -TT
        • Unit 1.3 3 refuges -TT
        • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -TT
        • Unit 2.1 Buddha -TT
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong -TT
        • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -TT
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada-TT
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-TT
        • Anthology 2 Basham-TT
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation-TT
        • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-TT
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna-TT
        • Unit 4.3 Gender-TT
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-TT
        • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-TT
        • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-TT
      • SAMs EG Ans-B
        • 2022 Ex-B
        • 2019-B
        • 2018-B
        • 2018 AS-B
        • 2017 AS-B
        • SAMS 2016-B
    • Alevel BLOG!
    • Journal Articles Alevel RS
Dr Ks RE Website
  • Home
  • About
    • Gloucestershire Agreed Syllabus & SACRE
  • Yr 7-8
    • Year 7
      • Knowledge Organisers Yr 7
    • Year 8
      • Knowledge Organisers Yr 8
    • Islam
    • Hinduism
    • Christianity
    • Sikhism
    • Buddhism
    • Other Worldviews
    • Recommended Reading
  • GCSE Eduqas RS
    • Specification Tick Sheets-SCGCSE
    • Key Words-SCGCSE
      • Christian Key Words
        • The Nature of God
        • Creation
        • Jesus Christ
          • Beliefs and teachings about the incarnation of Jesus
          • Gospel of Mark
        • Eschatological Beliefs
        • Apostles Creed and Nicene Creed
        • Salvation and Atonement
      • Islamic Key words (shia)
        • Tawhid (Oneness)
        • Al-Adalat (Divine Justice)
        • Al-Nubuwwah (Prophethood)
        • Al-Imamah (Divine Leadership)
        • Al-Ma’ad (Hereafter)
        • Shi'a beliefs about Kutub (holy books), Malaikah (angels) and Al-Qadr (pred
          • Kutub (holy books)
          • Malaikah (angels)
          • Al-Qadr
      • Islamic practices Key Words
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
    • Knowledge Organisers-Eduqas-GCSE
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings KO SC
      • Christian Practices KO
      • Islamic Beliefs and Teachings KO
      • Islamic Practices KO
      • Relationships KO
      • Life and Death Issues KO
      • Good and Evil KO
      • Human Rights KO
    • Topic on a Page GCSE
      • Christain Beliefs and Teachings ToaP
      • Christian Practices ToaP
      • Islamic Beliefs and teachings ToaP
      • Islamic Practices (TOAP)
      • Relationships ToaP
      • Life and Death Issues ToaP
      • Human Rights ToaP
      • Good and Evil ToaP
    • Quizs Review / Recall / Revision SC
    • Quotes-SCGCSE
      • Christian Teaching-Quotes
      • Muslim Teaching-Quotes
      • Relationships -Quotes
      • Life and Death Issues-Quotes
    • Videos-SCGCSE
      • Christain Teachings and Beliefs-SCGCSE
      • Islamic Teachings and Beliefs-SCGCSE
      • Life And Death Issues-SCGCSE
      • Relationships-SCGCSE
    • Practice Questions-GCSE-RS
      • Christian Teachings Practice Questions
      • Christian Practices Practice Questions
      • Muslim Teachings Practice Questions
      • Christian Practices Model Answers
      • Muslim Practices
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
      • Good and Evil Practice Questions
      • Human Rights Practice Questions
    • Mark Schemes + Model Essay Answers SC
      • Example Christian Belief Answers
      • Example Muslim Belief Answers
      • Example Relationships Answers
      • Example Good and Evil Answers
      • Example Life + Death Answers
      • Example Human Rights Answers
      • Example Christian Practices Essay Answers
      • Example Islamic Practices Model Essay Answers
      • 2024 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2023 Mk-Sch GCSE RS
      • 2023 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2022 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2022 Mk-Sch GCSE RS
      • 2021 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2020 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2020 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2019 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2019 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2018 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2018 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2016 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2016 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
    • SAMPLE EXAM PAPERS SC
      • Christian Teachings Practice Papers
      • Muslim Teachings Practice Papers
      • Relationships Practice Papers
      • Life and death Issues Practice Papers
    • GCSE Express Revision Notes-SCGCSE
    • Learning Mats / Posters-SCGCSE
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings
      • Christian Practices LMAPS
      • Islamic Beliefs and Teachings LMAP
      • Islamic Practices LMAPS
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
      • Good and Evil LMAPS
      • Human Rights LMAPS
    • Revision Guides + PPTS-GCSE
      • Christian Teachings
      • Christian Practices
      • Muslim Teachings
      • Muslim Pratices Rev
      • Good and Evil
      • Human Rights
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
    • Advice on Answering Questions
    • Practice Papers
    • Topic Tests
      • Islamic T+B Topic Test
      • Christian Beliefs + Teachings
      • Relationships Topic Test
      • Life And Death Topic Test
    • Topic Content for SC RE Learn Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Christian B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • QUESTIONS Christian B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Islamic B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Relationships SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Life + Death SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
    • Homework
  • GCSE Other
    • Specification Tick Sheets- FC GCSE
    • Key Words-FC GCSE
    • Knowledge Organisors FC GCSE
      • Buddhist Beliefs and Teachings KO
      • Buddhist Practices KO
      • Relationships KO
      • Life and Death Issues KO
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings KO
    • Topic on a Page FC
      • Buddhist Beliefs and Teachings Toap
      • Buddhist Practices ToaP
    • Quotes- FC
      • Christian Practices Quotes
      • Buddhist Teachings Quotes
        • Dream + Birth Import + Other Quotes
        • 4 Sights Imp + Orther Quotes
        • Ascetic Life- The Buddha – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Enlightenment and Teaching- The Buddha–Imp + Other Quotes
        • The Dhamma//Dharma–Imp + Other Quotes
        • Nirvana – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Four noble truths– Imp + Other Quotes
        • Eightfold path- Importance + Other Quotes
        • Dependent origination/conditionality- Importance + Other Quotes
        • Three Marks of Existence – Imp + Other Quotes
        • 5 Skandhas –Human Personality – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Sunyata + Buddha Nature - Human Imp + Other Quotes
        • arhat and bodhisattva- Human Destiny -Imp + Other Quotes
        • Mahayana Imp + Other Quotes
        • Pureland - Human Destiny – Imp + Other Quotes Land
        • Karma The Five Precepts and 6 Perfections Imp + Other Quotes
      • Buddhist Practices Quotes
      • Good and Evil Quotes
      • Human Rights Quotes
    • Videos-FC GCSE
    • Practice Questions FC
      • Buddhist Teachings Questions
      • Buddhist Practices Practice Questions
    • Model Answers FC
      • Buddhist Teachings Model Answers
      • Buddhist Pratices Model Answers
    • FC Revision Guides + PPTs
      • Buddhist Teachings
      • Buddhist Practices
    • Podcasts
  • ALEVEL
    • Summer Transition Work
    • Philosophy -GCE
      • SPEC PHIL
      • DICTIONARY -P
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-D
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-D
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-D
        • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel-D
        • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-D
        • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-D
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-D
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil-D
      • Personal Learning Checkers -P
      • Knowledge Organisers -P
        • KO Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
        • KO Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument -P
        • KO Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel -P
        • KO Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument -P
        • KO Unit 2.1 Religious Experience -P
        • KO Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-P
        • KO Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil -P
        • KO Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
        • KO Anthology 2 JL Mackie -P
        • KO Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol -P
        • KO Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
        • KO Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
        • KO Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
        • KO Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
        • KO Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
        • KO 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
        • KO 6.3 Science and Religion-P
      • Topic On a Page GCE -P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-P
        • ToaP-Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience -P
        • ToaP-Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-P
        • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol-P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
        • ToaP-Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
        • ToaP-Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
        • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
        • ToaP-6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
        • ToaP-6.3 Science and Religion-P
      • SELF STUDY -P
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-SSP
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-SSP
        • Anthology 1 Coplestone and Russel
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument
        • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience
        • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil
        • Anthology 2 JL Mackie
        • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol
        • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification
        • Anthology 3 Flew and Hare
        • Anthology 4 Mitchel and Flew
        • Unit 4.3 Language Games
        • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion
        • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars
        • Unit 6.1 Life after Death
        • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death
        • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
      • Revision-P
        • Unit 1.1 Design Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 2.1 Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 2.2 The Arg from Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as sol to the Prob of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 2 JL Mackie Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.3 Language Games Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.1 Life after Death Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion Revision GCE RS -P
      • PEQs + Model Essays Phil
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
        • Anthology 1 PEQs + Model Ans -P
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
        • Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
        • Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
        • Unit 3.1 The Prob of E+S PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
        • Unit 3.2 Theodices PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
        • Anthology 2 PEQs + Model Ans -P
        • Unit 4.1 Reg Lang Analogy + Symbol PEQs + Model Essays-P
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 PEQs Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
        • Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal PEQs + Model Essays-P
          • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
        • Anthology 3 -P
        • Anthology 4 -P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Reg Lang Lang Games -P
          • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.1 Scholars Critiques + Postmod -P
          • 8 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 12 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 20 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 30 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.2 Scholars Cop + Rus -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 12 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 20 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 30 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.1 Life After Death -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.2 Arguments 4 LaD -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.3 Science and Religion -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
      • Topic Tests Phil
        • Unit 1.1 TT Design Arg -P
          • Unit 1 TT Answers Design Arg
        • Unit 1.2 TT 1st Casue Arg -P
        • TT Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel
        • Unit 1.3 TT Onto Arg -P
        • Unit 3.1 TT Problem of Evil
        • Unit 2.1 TT Nat of Rel Exp
        • Unit 2.2 TT Arg from Rel Exp
        • Unit 3.1 TT The Prob of Evil
        • Unit 3.2 TT Sol to the Prob of Evil
        • TT Anthology 2 JL Mackie
        • Unit 4.1 TT Analogy and Symbol
        • Unit 4.2 TT Verification and Falsification
        • TT Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare
        • TT Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew
        • Unit 4.3 TT Language Games
        • Unit 5.1 TT Critiques of Religion
        • Unit 5.2 TT Work of Scholars
        • Unit 6.1 TT Life after Death
        • Unit 6.2 TT Points for discussion about LAD
        • Unit 6.3 TT Science and Religion
      • SAMs EG Ans-P
        • 2022-P
        • 2022 Exemplars-E
        • 2019-P
        • 2018 AS-P
        • 2018-P
        • 2017 AS-P
        • SAMS-P
      • Rec Reading -P
      • Philosophy Podcasts
      • Weblinks -P
    • Ethics -GCE
      • DICTIONARY -E
        • Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-D
        • Unit 1.2 Equality-D
        • Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-D
        • Unit 2.2 Situation ethics-D
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics-D
        • Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-D
        • Unit 3.1 War and Peace-D
        • Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-D
        • Anthology 4 Virtue Ethics-D
        • Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics-D
        • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -D
        • Anthology 3 Kant-D
        • Unit 6.1a Issues in medical ethics with a focus on beginning + end-D
      • SPEC ETHICS
      • Knowledge Organisers -E
        • KO Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
        • KO Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • KO Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • KO Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • KO Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
        • KO Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • KO Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • KO Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • KO Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
        • KO Unit 5.1a Kant -E
        • KO Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
        • KO Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
        • KO Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
      • Topic On a Page GCE -E
        • ToaP-Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-E
        • ToaP-Unit 3.1 War and Peace-E
        • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics_E
        • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality
        • ToaP-Unit 5.1 A comparison of the work of Scholars-E
        • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Beginning of life Medical Issues-E
      • Ethics Personal Learning Checkers
      • SELF STUDY -E
        • Work Booklets
        • SS Environmental Ethics -E
        • SS Equality -E
        • SS Utilitarianism -E
        • SS Natural Moral Law -E
        • SS Situation Ethics -E
        • SS Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
        • SS Sexual Ethics -E
        • SS War and Peace -E
        • SS Anthology 2 Aristotle Virtue Ethics -E
        • SS Meta-ethics -E
        • SS Religion and Morality -E
        • SS Virtue Ethics + Kant -E
        • SS Anthology 3 Kantian Deontology -E
        • SS Medical Ethics -E
        • Anthology 4 Euthanasia Michel Wilcockson
      • Topic Tests -E
        • TT Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
        • TT Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • TT Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • TT Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • TT Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
        • TT Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • TT Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • TT Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • TT Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
        • TT Unit 5.1a Kant -E
        • TT Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
        • TT Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
        • TT Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
      • PEQs + Model Essays -E
        • PEQs Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • PEQs Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • Anthology 2 Aristotle VE -E
        • PEQs Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
        • PEQs Unit 5.1 Kant + Aristotle
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 Kant and Aristotle -E
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 -E
        • Anthology 3 Kant PEQs
        • PEQs Unit 6.1Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life
          • 8 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 12 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 20 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 30 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
        • Anthology 4 Wilcockson -E
      • Revision E
        • 1.1 Environmental Ethics R
        • 1.2 Equality R
        • 2.1 Utilitarianism R
        • 2.3 Natural Moral Law R
        • 2.3 Situation Ethics R
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics R
        • 3.1 War and Pacifism R
        • 3.2 Sexual Ethics R
        • 6 Medical Ethics R
        • 4.1 Meta Ethics R
        • 4.2 Religion and Morality R
        • 5a Virtue Ethics R
        • 5b Kantian Ethics R
        • 6.1-2 Medical Ethics R
      • Rec Reading + Web Links -E
      • Ethics Podcasts
      • SAMs EG Ans-E
        • 2022-E
        • 2022 Ex-E
        • 2019-E
        • 2018 AS-E
        • 2018-E
        • 2017 AS-E
        • SAMS 2016-E
    • Buddhism -GCE
      • SPEC BUD
      • PLCs -B
      • Knowledge Organisers -B
        • KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
          • EXT KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
        • KO-Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
        • KO-Unit 1.3 3 refuges
        • KO-Unit 1.4 Moral Principles
        • KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
          • EXTD KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
        • KO-Anthology 1 Armstrong
        • KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • EXTD KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
        • KO-Unit 3.1 Theravada
        • KO-Unit 3.2 Mahayana
        • KO-Anthology 2 Basham -B
        • KO-Unit 3.3 Meditation
        • KO-Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
        • KO-Unit 4.2 Triratna
        • KO-Unit 4.3 Gender
        • KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • EXT KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
        • KO-Anthology 3 Rahula -B
        • KO-Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
        • KO-Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
      • Revision-B
        • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths - R
        • Unit 1.2 3 Marks + 5 Khandas -R
        • Unit 1.3 3 Refuges -R
        • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -R
        • Unit 2.1 Buddha -R
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong -R
        • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -R
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada-R
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-R
        • Anthology 2 Basham -R
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation-R
        • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-R
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna-R
        • Unit 4.3 Gender-R
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-R
        • Anthology 3 Rahula-R
        • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-R
        • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-R
      • Dictionary
        • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths Dictionary
        • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas Dictionary
        • Unit 1.3 The three refuges Dictionary
        • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles Dictionary
        • Unit 2.1 The Buddha Dictionary
        • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka Dictionary
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada Dictionary
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation Dictionary
        • Unit 4.1 The Spread of Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna Dictionary
        • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 5.1 The Work of Scholars Dictionary
        • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa Dictionary
        • 6.2 Buddhism and Science.
      • Dictionary Express
      • Buddhism PEQs + Model Answers
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
          • 8 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.3 3 refuges
          • 8 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.4 Moral Prin
          • 8 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Q Model Answers UNit 1.4 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 2.1 Buddha
          • 8 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Anthology 1 Armstrong
        • Mod An Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Bud Unit 2.2
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An UNit 2.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.1 Theravada
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An UNit 3.1 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.2 Mahayana
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Anthology 2 Mahayana -B
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.3 Meditation
          • 8mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 12 Mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 20 MK Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 30 mk answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.2 Triratna
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.3 Gender
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Anthology 3 Rahula -B
        • Mod Ans Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
        • Mod Ans Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
        • Anthology 4 Yodhjiva Sutta -B
      • Self Study -B
        • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths -SS
        • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas -SS
        • Unit 1.3 The three refuges -SS
        • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles-SS
        • Unit 2.1 The Life of the Buddha -SS
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong - The Enl of The B -SS
        • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka -SS
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism -SS
        • Anthology 2 A.L.Basham -SS
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation -SS
        • Unit 4.1 The spread of Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 4.2 Tritratna -SS
        • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars -SS
        • Anthology 3 Rahula --SS
        • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa. -SS
        • Anthology 4 Yodhajiva Sutta --SS
        • Unit 6.2 Buddhism and Contemporary Society -SS
        • Revision Booklets
        • Exam Guidance & Tips
      • Topic Tests -B
        • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths -TT
        • Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas -TT
        • Unit 1.3 3 refuges -TT
        • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -TT
        • Unit 2.1 Buddha -TT
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong -TT
        • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -TT
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada-TT
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-TT
        • Anthology 2 Basham-TT
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation-TT
        • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-TT
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna-TT
        • Unit 4.3 Gender-TT
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-TT
        • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-TT
        • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-TT
      • SAMs EG Ans-B
        • 2022 Ex-B
        • 2019-B
        • 2018-B
        • 2018 AS-B
        • 2017 AS-B
        • SAMS 2016-B
    • Alevel BLOG!
    • Journal Articles Alevel RS
  • More
    • Home
    • About
      • Gloucestershire Agreed Syllabus & SACRE
    • Yr 7-8
      • Year 7
        • Knowledge Organisers Yr 7
      • Year 8
        • Knowledge Organisers Yr 8
      • Islam
      • Hinduism
      • Christianity
      • Sikhism
      • Buddhism
      • Other Worldviews
      • Recommended Reading
    • GCSE Eduqas RS
      • Specification Tick Sheets-SCGCSE
      • Key Words-SCGCSE
        • Christian Key Words
          • The Nature of God
          • Creation
          • Jesus Christ
            • Beliefs and teachings about the incarnation of Jesus
            • Gospel of Mark
          • Eschatological Beliefs
          • Apostles Creed and Nicene Creed
          • Salvation and Atonement
        • Islamic Key words (shia)
          • Tawhid (Oneness)
          • Al-Adalat (Divine Justice)
          • Al-Nubuwwah (Prophethood)
          • Al-Imamah (Divine Leadership)
          • Al-Ma’ad (Hereafter)
          • Shi'a beliefs about Kutub (holy books), Malaikah (angels) and Al-Qadr (pred
            • Kutub (holy books)
            • Malaikah (angels)
            • Al-Qadr
        • Islamic practices Key Words
        • Relationships
        • Life and Death Issues
      • Knowledge Organisers-Eduqas-GCSE
        • Christian Beliefs and Teachings KO SC
        • Christian Practices KO
        • Islamic Beliefs and Teachings KO
        • Islamic Practices KO
        • Relationships KO
        • Life and Death Issues KO
        • Good and Evil KO
        • Human Rights KO
      • Topic on a Page GCSE
        • Christain Beliefs and Teachings ToaP
        • Christian Practices ToaP
        • Islamic Beliefs and teachings ToaP
        • Islamic Practices (TOAP)
        • Relationships ToaP
        • Life and Death Issues ToaP
        • Human Rights ToaP
        • Good and Evil ToaP
      • Quizs Review / Recall / Revision SC
      • Quotes-SCGCSE
        • Christian Teaching-Quotes
        • Muslim Teaching-Quotes
        • Relationships -Quotes
        • Life and Death Issues-Quotes
      • Videos-SCGCSE
        • Christain Teachings and Beliefs-SCGCSE
        • Islamic Teachings and Beliefs-SCGCSE
        • Life And Death Issues-SCGCSE
        • Relationships-SCGCSE
      • Practice Questions-GCSE-RS
        • Christian Teachings Practice Questions
        • Christian Practices Practice Questions
        • Muslim Teachings Practice Questions
        • Christian Practices Model Answers
        • Muslim Practices
        • Relationships
        • Life and Death Issues
        • Good and Evil Practice Questions
        • Human Rights Practice Questions
      • Mark Schemes + Model Essay Answers SC
        • Example Christian Belief Answers
        • Example Muslim Belief Answers
        • Example Relationships Answers
        • Example Good and Evil Answers
        • Example Life + Death Answers
        • Example Human Rights Answers
        • Example Christian Practices Essay Answers
        • Example Islamic Practices Model Essay Answers
        • 2024 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
        • 2023 Mk-Sch GCSE RS
        • 2023 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
        • 2022 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
        • 2022 Mk-Sch GCSE RS
        • 2021 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
        • 2020 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
        • 2020 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
        • 2019 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
        • 2019 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
        • 2018 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
        • 2018 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
        • 2016 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
        • 2016 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • SAMPLE EXAM PAPERS SC
        • Christian Teachings Practice Papers
        • Muslim Teachings Practice Papers
        • Relationships Practice Papers
        • Life and death Issues Practice Papers
      • GCSE Express Revision Notes-SCGCSE
      • Learning Mats / Posters-SCGCSE
        • Christian Beliefs and Teachings
        • Christian Practices LMAPS
        • Islamic Beliefs and Teachings LMAP
        • Islamic Practices LMAPS
        • Relationships
        • Life and Death Issues
        • Good and Evil LMAPS
        • Human Rights LMAPS
      • Revision Guides + PPTS-GCSE
        • Christian Teachings
        • Christian Practices
        • Muslim Teachings
        • Muslim Pratices Rev
        • Good and Evil
        • Human Rights
        • Relationships
        • Life and Death Issues
      • Advice on Answering Questions
      • Practice Papers
      • Topic Tests
        • Islamic T+B Topic Test
        • Christian Beliefs + Teachings
        • Relationships Topic Test
        • Life And Death Topic Test
      • Topic Content for SC RE Learn Jourrney Review Booklets
        • ANSWERS: Christian B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
        • QUESTIONS Christian B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
        • ANSWERS: Islamic B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
        • ANSWERS: Relationships SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
        • ANSWERS: Life + Death SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • Homework
    • GCSE Other
      • Specification Tick Sheets- FC GCSE
      • Key Words-FC GCSE
      • Knowledge Organisors FC GCSE
        • Buddhist Beliefs and Teachings KO
        • Buddhist Practices KO
        • Relationships KO
        • Life and Death Issues KO
        • Christian Beliefs and Teachings KO
      • Topic on a Page FC
        • Buddhist Beliefs and Teachings Toap
        • Buddhist Practices ToaP
      • Quotes- FC
        • Christian Practices Quotes
        • Buddhist Teachings Quotes
          • Dream + Birth Import + Other Quotes
          • 4 Sights Imp + Orther Quotes
          • Ascetic Life- The Buddha – Imp + Other Quotes
          • Enlightenment and Teaching- The Buddha–Imp + Other Quotes
          • The Dhamma//Dharma–Imp + Other Quotes
          • Nirvana – Imp + Other Quotes
          • Four noble truths– Imp + Other Quotes
          • Eightfold path- Importance + Other Quotes
          • Dependent origination/conditionality- Importance + Other Quotes
          • Three Marks of Existence – Imp + Other Quotes
          • 5 Skandhas –Human Personality – Imp + Other Quotes
          • Sunyata + Buddha Nature - Human Imp + Other Quotes
          • arhat and bodhisattva- Human Destiny -Imp + Other Quotes
          • Mahayana Imp + Other Quotes
          • Pureland - Human Destiny – Imp + Other Quotes Land
          • Karma The Five Precepts and 6 Perfections Imp + Other Quotes
        • Buddhist Practices Quotes
        • Good and Evil Quotes
        • Human Rights Quotes
      • Videos-FC GCSE
      • Practice Questions FC
        • Buddhist Teachings Questions
        • Buddhist Practices Practice Questions
      • Model Answers FC
        • Buddhist Teachings Model Answers
        • Buddhist Pratices Model Answers
      • FC Revision Guides + PPTs
        • Buddhist Teachings
        • Buddhist Practices
      • Podcasts
    • ALEVEL
      • Summer Transition Work
      • Philosophy -GCE
        • SPEC PHIL
        • DICTIONARY -P
          • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-D
          • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-D
          • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-D
          • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel-D
          • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-D
          • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-D
          • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-D
          • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil-D
        • Personal Learning Checkers -P
        • Knowledge Organisers -P
          • KO Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • KO Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument -P
          • KO Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel -P
          • KO Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument -P
          • KO Unit 2.1 Religious Experience -P
          • KO Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-P
          • KO Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil -P
          • KO Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
          • KO Anthology 2 JL Mackie -P
          • KO Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol -P
          • KO Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
          • KO Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
          • KO Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
          • KO Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
          • KO Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
          • KO 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
          • KO 6.3 Science and Religion-P
        • Topic On a Page GCE -P
          • ToaP-Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-P
          • ToaP-Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-P
          • ToaP-Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-P
          • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-P
          • ToaP-Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience -P
          • ToaP-Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-P
          • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
          • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol-P
          • ToaP-Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
          • ToaP-Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
          • ToaP-Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
          • ToaP-Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
          • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
          • ToaP-6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
          • ToaP-6.3 Science and Religion-P
        • SELF STUDY -P
          • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-SSP
          • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-SSP
          • Anthology 1 Coplestone and Russel
          • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument
          • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience
          • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience
          • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil
          • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil
          • Anthology 2 JL Mackie
          • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol
          • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification
          • Anthology 3 Flew and Hare
          • Anthology 4 Mitchel and Flew
          • Unit 4.3 Language Games
          • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion
          • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars
          • Unit 6.1 Life after Death
          • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death
          • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
        • Revision-P
          • Unit 1.1 Design Arg Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg Revision GCE RS -P
          • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 2.1 Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 2.2 The Arg from Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as sol to the Prob of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
          • Anthology 2 JL Mackie Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification Revision GCE RS -P
          • Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare Revision GCE RS -P
          • Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 4.3 Language Games Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 6.1 Life after Death Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion Revision GCE RS -P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Phil
          • Unit 1.1 The Design Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
            • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
            • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
            • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • Anthology 1 PEQs + Model Ans -P
          • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • Unit 3.1 The Prob of E+S PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • Unit 3.2 Theodices PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • Anthology 2 PEQs + Model Ans -P
          • Unit 4.1 Reg Lang Analogy + Symbol PEQs + Model Essays-P
            • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
            • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 PEQs Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
            • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
            • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal PEQs + Model Essays-P
            • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
            • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
            • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
            • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • Anthology 3 -P
          • Anthology 4 -P
          • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Reg Lang Lang Games -P
            • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
            • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
            • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
            • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.1 Scholars Critiques + Postmod -P
            • 8 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
            • 12 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
            • 20 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
            • 30 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.2 Scholars Cop + Rus -P
            • 8 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
            • 12 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
            • 20 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
            • 30 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.1 Life After Death -P
            • 8 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
            • 12 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
            • 20 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
            • 30 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.2 Arguments 4 LaD -P
            • 8 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
            • 12 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
            • 20 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
            • 30 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.3 Science and Religion -P
            • 8 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
            • 12 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
            • 20 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
            • 30 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
        • Topic Tests Phil
          • Unit 1.1 TT Design Arg -P
            • Unit 1 TT Answers Design Arg
          • Unit 1.2 TT 1st Casue Arg -P
          • TT Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel
          • Unit 1.3 TT Onto Arg -P
          • Unit 3.1 TT Problem of Evil
          • Unit 2.1 TT Nat of Rel Exp
          • Unit 2.2 TT Arg from Rel Exp
          • Unit 3.1 TT The Prob of Evil
          • Unit 3.2 TT Sol to the Prob of Evil
          • TT Anthology 2 JL Mackie
          • Unit 4.1 TT Analogy and Symbol
          • Unit 4.2 TT Verification and Falsification
          • TT Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare
          • TT Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew
          • Unit 4.3 TT Language Games
          • Unit 5.1 TT Critiques of Religion
          • Unit 5.2 TT Work of Scholars
          • Unit 6.1 TT Life after Death
          • Unit 6.2 TT Points for discussion about LAD
          • Unit 6.3 TT Science and Religion
        • SAMs EG Ans-P
          • 2022-P
          • 2022 Exemplars-E
          • 2019-P
          • 2018 AS-P
          • 2018-P
          • 2017 AS-P
          • SAMS-P
        • Rec Reading -P
        • Philosophy Podcasts
        • Weblinks -P
      • Ethics -GCE
        • DICTIONARY -E
          • Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-D
          • Unit 1.2 Equality-D
          • Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-D
          • Unit 2.2 Situation ethics-D
          • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics-D
          • Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-D
          • Unit 3.1 War and Peace-D
          • Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-D
          • Anthology 4 Virtue Ethics-D
          • Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics-D
          • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -D
          • Anthology 3 Kant-D
          • Unit 6.1a Issues in medical ethics with a focus on beginning + end-D
        • SPEC ETHICS
        • Knowledge Organisers -E
          • KO Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
          • KO Unit 1.2 Equality-E
          • KO Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
          • KO Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
          • KO Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
          • KO Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • KO Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • KO Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • KO Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
          • KO Unit 5.1a Kant -E
          • KO Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
          • KO Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
          • KO Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
        • Topic On a Page GCE -E
          • ToaP-Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-E
          • ToaP-Unit 1.2 Equality-E
          • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
          • ToaP-Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
          • ToaP-Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-E
          • ToaP-Unit 3.1 War and Peace-E
          • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-E
          • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics_E
          • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality
          • ToaP-Unit 5.1 A comparison of the work of Scholars-E
          • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Beginning of life Medical Issues-E
        • Ethics Personal Learning Checkers
        • SELF STUDY -E
          • Work Booklets
          • SS Environmental Ethics -E
          • SS Equality -E
          • SS Utilitarianism -E
          • SS Natural Moral Law -E
          • SS Situation Ethics -E
          • SS Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
          • SS Sexual Ethics -E
          • SS War and Peace -E
          • SS Anthology 2 Aristotle Virtue Ethics -E
          • SS Meta-ethics -E
          • SS Religion and Morality -E
          • SS Virtue Ethics + Kant -E
          • SS Anthology 3 Kantian Deontology -E
          • SS Medical Ethics -E
          • Anthology 4 Euthanasia Michel Wilcockson
        • Topic Tests -E
          • TT Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
          • TT Unit 1.2 Equality-E
          • TT Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
          • TT Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
          • TT Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
          • TT Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • TT Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • TT Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • TT Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
          • TT Unit 5.1a Kant -E
          • TT Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
          • TT Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
          • TT Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
        • PEQs + Model Essays -E
          • PEQs Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • PEQs Unit 1.2 Equality -E
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • PEQs Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • PEQs Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • PEQs Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
          • PEQs Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • PEQs Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • Anthology 2 Aristotle VE -E
          • PEQs Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • PEQs Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -E
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • PEQs Unit 5.1 Kant + Aristotle
            • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 Kant and Aristotle -E
            • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
            • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
            • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 -E
          • Anthology 3 Kant PEQs
          • PEQs Unit 6.1Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life
            • 8 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
            • 12 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
            • 20 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
            • 30 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • Anthology 4 Wilcockson -E
        • Revision E
          • 1.1 Environmental Ethics R
          • 1.2 Equality R
          • 2.1 Utilitarianism R
          • 2.3 Natural Moral Law R
          • 2.3 Situation Ethics R
          • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics R
          • 3.1 War and Pacifism R
          • 3.2 Sexual Ethics R
          • 6 Medical Ethics R
          • 4.1 Meta Ethics R
          • 4.2 Religion and Morality R
          • 5a Virtue Ethics R
          • 5b Kantian Ethics R
          • 6.1-2 Medical Ethics R
        • Rec Reading + Web Links -E
        • Ethics Podcasts
        • SAMs EG Ans-E
          • 2022-E
          • 2022 Ex-E
          • 2019-E
          • 2018 AS-E
          • 2018-E
          • 2017 AS-E
          • SAMS 2016-E
      • Buddhism -GCE
        • SPEC BUD
        • PLCs -B
        • Knowledge Organisers -B
          • KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
            • EXT KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
          • KO-Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
          • KO-Unit 1.3 3 refuges
          • KO-Unit 1.4 Moral Principles
          • KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
            • EXTD KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
          • KO-Anthology 1 Armstrong
          • KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
            • EXTD KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • KO-Unit 3.1 Theravada
          • KO-Unit 3.2 Mahayana
          • KO-Anthology 2 Basham -B
          • KO-Unit 3.3 Meditation
          • KO-Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
          • KO-Unit 4.2 Triratna
          • KO-Unit 4.3 Gender
          • KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
            • EXT KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • KO-Anthology 3 Rahula -B
          • KO-Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • KO-Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
        • Revision-B
          • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths - R
          • Unit 1.2 3 Marks + 5 Khandas -R
          • Unit 1.3 3 Refuges -R
          • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -R
          • Unit 2.1 Buddha -R
          • Anthology 1 Armstrong -R
          • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -R
          • Unit 3.1 Theravada-R
          • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-R
          • Anthology 2 Basham -R
          • Unit 3.3 Meditation-R
          • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-R
          • Unit 4.2 Triratna-R
          • Unit 4.3 Gender-R
          • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-R
          • Anthology 3 Rahula-R
          • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-R
          • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-R
        • Dictionary
          • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths Dictionary
          • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas Dictionary
          • Unit 1.3 The three refuges Dictionary
          • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles Dictionary
          • Unit 2.1 The Buddha Dictionary
          • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka Dictionary
          • Unit 3.1 Theravada Dictionary
          • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism Dictionary
          • Unit 3.3 Meditation Dictionary
          • Unit 4.1 The Spread of Buddhism Dictionary
          • Unit 4.2 Triratna Dictionary
          • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism Dictionary
          • Unit 5.1 The Work of Scholars Dictionary
          • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa Dictionary
          • 6.2 Buddhism and Science.
        • Dictionary Express
        • Buddhism PEQs + Model Answers
          • Mod Ans Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths
            • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
            • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
            • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
            • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • Mod Ans Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
            • 8 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
            • 12 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
            • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
            • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • Mod Ans Unit 1.3 3 refuges
            • 8 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
            • 12 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
            • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
            • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • Mod Ans Unit 1.4 Moral Prin
            • 8 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
            • 12 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
            • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 1.4 Buddhism
            • 30 Mk Q Model Answers UNit 1.4 Buddhism
          • Mod Ans Unit 2.1 Buddha
            • 8 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
            • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
            • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
            • 30 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • Mod Ans Anthology 1 Armstrong
          • Mod An Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.1 Bud
            • 12 Mk Q Model An Bud Unit 2.2
            • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.2 Bud
            • 30 Mk Q Model An UNit 2.2 Bud
          • Mod Ans Unit 3.1 Theravada
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.1 Bud
            • 12 Mk Q Model An UNit 3.1 Bud
            • 20 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
            • 30 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • Mod Ans Unit 3.2 Mahayana
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
            • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
            • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
            • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • Mod Ans Anthology 2 Mahayana -B
          • Mod Ans Unit 3.3 Meditation
            • 8mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
            • 12 Mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
            • 20 MK Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
            • 30 mk answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • Mod Ans Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
            • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
            • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
            • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • Mod Ans Unit 4.2 Triratna
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
            • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
            • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
            • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • Mod Ans Unit 4.3 Gender
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
            • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
            • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
            • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • Mod Ans Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
            • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
            • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
            • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Bud
          • Mod Ans Anthology 3 Rahula -B
          • Mod Ans Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
            • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
            • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
            • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • Mod Ans Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
            • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
            • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
            • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
            • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • Anthology 4 Yodhjiva Sutta -B
        • Self Study -B
          • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths -SS
          • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas -SS
          • Unit 1.3 The three refuges -SS
          • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles-SS
          • Unit 2.1 The Life of the Buddha -SS
          • Anthology 1 Armstrong - The Enl of The B -SS
          • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka -SS
          • Unit 3.1 Theravada Buddhism -SS
          • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism -SS
          • Anthology 2 A.L.Basham -SS
          • Unit 3.3 Meditation -SS
          • Unit 4.1 The spread of Buddhism -SS
          • Unit 4.2 Tritratna -SS
          • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism -SS
          • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars -SS
          • Anthology 3 Rahula --SS
          • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa. -SS
          • Anthology 4 Yodhajiva Sutta --SS
          • Unit 6.2 Buddhism and Contemporary Society -SS
          • Revision Booklets
          • Exam Guidance & Tips
        • Topic Tests -B
          • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths -TT
          • Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas -TT
          • Unit 1.3 3 refuges -TT
          • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -TT
          • Unit 2.1 Buddha -TT
          • Anthology 1 Armstrong -TT
          • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -TT
          • Unit 3.1 Theravada-TT
          • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-TT
          • Anthology 2 Basham-TT
          • Unit 3.3 Meditation-TT
          • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-TT
          • Unit 4.2 Triratna-TT
          • Unit 4.3 Gender-TT
          • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-TT
          • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-TT
          • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-TT
        • SAMs EG Ans-B
          • 2022 Ex-B
          • 2019-B
          • 2018-B
          • 2018 AS-B
          • 2017 AS-B
          • SAMS 2016-B
      • Alevel BLOG!
      • Journal Articles Alevel RS

30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1

4. Evaluate the meaning and significance of the three posions as the basis of Buddhism and the centrality of such for different Buddhists. (30) 


The three poisons, namely greed, hatred, and delusion, are the basis of Buddhism and the central theme of Buddhist philosophy.  Peter Harvey says "The three poisons (greed, hatred, and delusion) are fundamental to the Buddha's teaching on the nature of suffering and its causes. They are often referred to as the three unwholesome roots, and are the foundation for Buddhist ethical and contemplative practices" (Harvey, 2012, p. 158). 

Thesis: This essay will defend the view that the significance of these three poisons lies in the fact that they are considered the root causes of all suffering and dissatisfaction in life. The different schools of Buddhism place varying degrees of emphasis on these poisons, but they all agree that understanding and overcoming them is essential to achieving enlightenment.

Argument: The concept of the three poisons is central to Buddhism, and its importance is reflected in the teachings of the Buddha. The three poisons, also known as the three unwholesome roots or three fires, are greed, hatred, and delusion. According to the Buddhist tradition, these poisons are the root causes of all suffering and dissatisfaction in life. The Buddha's teaching emphasizes the importance of understanding and overcoming these poisons to achieve enlightenment. As Walshe (2005) explains, "the Three Poisons can also be seen as the raw material for enlightenment, because by transforming them we can cultivate positive qualities such as wisdom, love, and compassion" (p. 75). By recognizing and understanding the Three Poisons in oneself, one can develop insight into the nature of reality and cultivate positive qualities that lead to liberation from suffering. 

In the Dhammapada, a collection of the Buddha's sayings, he states, "Greed is the root of all suffering; hatred is the cause of all conflicts; delusion is the source of all ignorance" (Ch 14, verse 5). This statement summarizes the significance of the three poisons in Buddhism. The Buddha teaches that greed, hatred, and delusion are the three fundamental obstacles to the attainment of Nirvana, the ultimate goal of Buddhist practice.

Different schools of Buddhism place varying degrees of emphasis on the three poisons. For example, Theravada Buddhism emphasizes the role of greed in causing suffering, while Mahayana Buddhism focuses more on the importance of compassion and the role of hatred in causing suffering. However, all schools of Buddhism agree that understanding and overcoming these poisons is essential to achieving enlightenment.   For example, Theravada Buddhism places a strong emphasis on the practice of mindfulness as a means of recognizing and transforming the Three Poisons. As Harvey (2000) notes, "Mindfulness is the key to unlocking the Three Poisons, for it is through mindfulness that we become aware of our own thoughts and emotions, and the way they condition our experience of the world" (p. 42). Harvey further says "Although all Buddhist traditions acknowledge the importance of the three poisons, there are some differences in how they are understood and emphasized" (Harvey, 2012, p. 160).  Mahayana Buddhism, on the other hand, places a greater emphasis on the cultivation of compassion as a means of transforming the Three Poisons. 

Counter-argument: While the three poisons may be central to Buddhism, some scholars argue that they are not unique to Buddhist philosophy. Other religious and philosophical traditions also recognize the importance of overcoming greed, hatred, and delusion. For example, Aristotle's ethics emphasize the importance of overcoming the passions and cultivating virtues such as moderation and wisdom.  "The three poisons, for example, are similar to the seven deadly sins of Christian theology, and are found in many other religious and philosophical traditions" (Harvey, 2012, p. 159). 

Counter-counter-argument: While it is true that other traditions recognize the importance of overcoming these negative emotions, the significance of the three poisons in Buddhism lies in their role as the root causes of suffering. The Buddha's teaching emphasizes that it is not enough to cultivate virtues or avoid vices; one must understand and overcome the fundamental obstacles to enlightenment. Keown says "In Buddhism, the three poisons are viewed not merely as character defects, but as the fundamental causes of suffering in the world" (Keown, 2001, p. 55). 

Synoptic link: The study of ethics and virtue is closely linked to the concept of the three poisons in Buddhism. Buddhist ethics emphasize the importance of cultivating virtues such as compassion, generosity, and wisdom while avoiding negative emotions and actions that lead to suffering. The three poisons are seen as the fundamental obstacles to cultivating these virtues and achieving enlightenment.  In his book, "Buddhist Ethics," Damien Keown explains that the three poisons are the primary focus of Buddhist ethics. He states, "Buddhist ethics is essentially the study of the three poisons and their antidotes" (Keown, 2001, p. 55). Buddhist ethics emphasizes the importance of cultivating virtues and avoiding negative emotions and actions that lead to suffering.  He further says "Buddhist ethics is essentially the study of the three poisons and their antidotes. The goal is to cultivate the opposite of the poisons - generosity, compassion, and wisdom - which serve as the foundation for the path to enlightenment" (Keown, 2001, p. 55). 

Furthermore, the concept of the three poisons is closely related to the Buddhist concept of karma. According to the law of karma, our actions have consequences, and the three poisons lead to negative consequences in this life and future lives. Therefore, understanding and overcoming the three poisons is essential to avoiding negative consequences and achieving a good rebirth or ultimately reaching Nirvana.

In conclusion, the concept of the three poisons, namely greed, hatred, and delusion, is central to Buddhism and the Buddhist philosophy. These poisons are considered the root causes of suffering and dissatisfaction in life, and understanding and overcoming them is essential to achieving enlightenment.

References

  1. Harvey, P. (2012). An introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, history and practices. Cambridge University Press.

  2. Harvey, P. (2000). An introduction to Buddhist ethics: Foundations, values and issues. Cambridge University Press.

  3. Keown, D. (2001). Buddhism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.

  4. The Dhammapada. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/index.html

  5. Walshe, M. (2005). The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya. Wisdom Publications.

4. Evaluate the importance of the three fires/poisons to Buddhists. (30) 

4. Evaluate the Belief in the Four Noble Truths is essential for all Buddhists. (30) 

4 Evaluate the opinion that dukkha is central to all forms of Buddhism. (30) 

4 Evaluate the claim that an understanding of dukkha is essential to achieve nirvana. (30) 

4 Evaluate the opinion that the Buddha’s teaching on the cessation of craving/desire in the Four Noble Truths samudaya/tanha is the most important Buddhist teaching. (30)

4 Evaluate the opinion the strenghts and weaknesss of the claim that the Middle Way was a new development. (30)

4 Evaluate the relative importance of nirodha for different Buddhists today. (30)

4 Evaluate the view that ‘Nibbana cannot be explained.’ (30)

4 Evaluate the significance of the way or magga in the contemporary world . (30)

4. Evaluate the meaning and significance of the Eightfold Path in the contemporary world. (30) 2019 Paper Q

4 Evaluate the claim that ‘Sila is more important than samadhi in the eightfold path.’ (30)


4 Evaluate the view that it is more important to develop wisdom than meditation and ethics in Buddhism (30)

The three things in the title refer to the threefold way, that is the dissection of the eightfold path into three subjects that cover wisdom, meditation and ethics. The metric which will be used to judge the importance of each is how far they go to reach enlightenment; as enlightenment is the end goal for ever Buddhist. From the offset, these three factors are interlinked similar to a chain, without one piece of the chain the goal shall never be reached. However, it is clear to see that the lynchpin of Nirvana relates to wisdom. That is to say, if one does have wisdom then it is impossible to successfully develop meditation and ethics to a sufficient reason. Therefore, on balance, this statement is correct.

         In a Buddhist context, wisdom is essential to combat one of the three poisons, ignorance. Along with craving and aversion, these are the three ‘fires’, which must be blown out in order for one to reach Nirvana. Keown defines the Pali word for ignorance, Moha, in his dictionary of Buddhism as ‘delusion, confusion and dullness.’ Therefore, the aim of developing wisdom is to avert these states and directly blow out the fire of ignorance. This is done by gaining access to the Dharma. While ethics and mediation are also essential to access the Dharma, wisdom appears to be the most significant reason. Bhikku Bodhi colourfully summarises this when he calls wisdom ‘the crowning virtue among all the requisites of enlightenment, drives away the darkness of ignorance and lights up the true characteristics of phenomena.’ As Bodhi calls wisdom the ‘crowning virtue’ it is obvious that in his opinion it is the most significant factor for one to obtain enlightenment, thus making it the most significant out of wisdom, ethics and meditation. Wisdom is also needed to gain access to what the Buddha taught. In the Pali Canon and other such scriptures, the Buddha lays down several profoundly complicated sermons that require a significant amount of wisdom to access. An example of this is the ‘Deer Park Sermon’ in which the Buddha taught of the four noble truths the noble eightfold path. Of these sermons, the Buddha said ‘when one sees this with wisdom, one turns away from suffering.’ This clearly shows how wisdom is needed to gain access to cessation of suffering and further to enlightenment making it hugely important. On the other hand, Mahayana Buddhists disagree with this sentiment expressed, which is mainly held by Theravada Buddhists. A Mahayana critique of this is the ‘Doctrine of Original Enlightenment,’ which states that everybody is already enlightened but is covered by ‘defilements.’ Therefore, for them, wisdom and extinguishing the fires matters not, as they wish to only get rid of the defilements. The Mahayana scholar Alex Wayman displays this sentiment in the quotes ‘luminous, monks, is the mind. And it is defiled by incoming defilements.’ By calling the mind ‘luminous’ it is contradictory to Bodhi as Bodhi clearly expressed the imperfections of the mind and the obvious need to drive away darkness. By Wayman calling every mind ‘luminous’ it shows how the darkness has already been driven away which directly contradicts Bodhi. To evaluate these two arguments is rather difficult as both Mahayana and Theravada Buddhists have such fundamental differences. However, on the face of it, the Theravada appears stronger as wisdom directly correlates to the extinguishing of the one of the three fires, which the Mahayana side fails to address. The Buddha certainly gives clear indication that to end suffering one requires wisdom, which, again, the Mahayana arguments gives little credit to. So, on this point, when judging which argument is better made, it is the Theravada argument as it has more correlation to the direct end of suffering and furthermore to Nirvana. Therefore, it still stands that wisdom is indeed the most important reason.

         As named in the question, meditation can be thought of to be the most significant out of the three. In the dictionary of Buddhism, Damien Keown defines meditation under two branches. Firstly, Keown defines Samatha as a ‘one-pointedness of the mind,’ that is to say meditation in the classic and intuitive sense, such as reaching higher Jhanas. The second definition of meditation is Vipasyana, which is concerned with intellectual understanding in a state of consciousness. Meditation is significant because it gains an insight into relality. Bhikku Bodhi argued that meditation, and by extension mindfulness, is essential to gain insight into the Dharma. Indeed, a famous aphorism of the Buddha is ‘to see me is to see the Dharma,’ thus by meditating on the Buddha’s wisdom one gains access to the Dharma. Moreover, meditation covers all general aspects of mindfulness, which the Buddha places great emphasis on.  An example of this is the quote ‘if with a pure mind a person speaks or acts, happiness follows them like a never-departing shadow,’ which demonstrates the obvious significance of having a pure mind which is obtained via meditation. Another significant reason why meditation is significant comes from an unexpected secular source. Sam Harris, who many would regard as a form of Buddhist, argues that meditation can have positive psychological effects, such as reducing stress. Thusly, Harris agrees with the Buddha, as both seem to emphasise the positive psychological impacts of meditation. However, on the other hand, there are some significant critiques of the positive impacts meditation. One comes from Michael Persigner’s ‘God Helmet,’ which claims to be able to reciprocate positive religious experience. This weakens the classical Buddhist argument because the fact that the Jhanas are unique adds a lot of weight to their argument. The concept of a Jhana is, at its very core, supposed to be unique to Buddhism, but should Persinger be able to reciprocate it on somebody who is not a devout Buddhist it weakens the argument in favour of meditation. However,  Perseigner’s argument does not weaken Harris’ analysis of meditation as he is seemingly disinterested whether it is metaphysically true or not. Another critique of meditation is that it is too inaccessible for the common Buddhist. Indeed, to sufficiently reach the fourth Jhana it takes years of practise and meditation, which is simply out of the question for the laity. Whereas with wisdom, one can study Buddhist scriptures and reflect upon them while not becoming a Bhikku, it is too demanding for many to abide by in such a manner that it has the desired effect. Compared to the previous factor of wisdom, it is clearly less accessible and thus has less impact on Nirvana. So, while still significant, wisdom is more significant than meditation, thus proving this statement to be true.

         Lastly, intrinsic to the question is the aspect of ethics out of the threefold path. Keown defines ethics (Sila being the Pali word for ethics) as ‘normative moral rules,’ which have been laid down in various scriptures, such as the Vinaya Pitaka. Analysing Buddhist ethics, a significant amount of it is derived from the Vinaya Pitaka. Due to a lot of the rules of the monastic Sangha being formed concurrently with its development, many of the rules are derived from the time of the Buddha. It is also of note that these rules are rather flexible too. Zen Master Dogen is quoted as saying on Buddhist ethics ‘what you think in your own mind to be good, or what other people of the world think is good, may not necessarily be good.’ This highlights the teleological aspects to the rules and Dogen hints at the fact that some rules may be put if to serve a better purpose. This is remarkably similar to John Stuart Mill’s weak rule utilitarianism, which states that rules in society are generally regarded as good but one should not be legalistic or deontological in regard to rules; they can be put aside if to do a greater good to the greater number. In this way, Buddhist ethics can be seen as rather similar to 19th centaury utilitarianism, particularly under JS Mill. Thusly, the same evaluative pieces apply to Buddhist ethics as with utilitarianism, such as the difficulty to judge the outcomes and whether justice can be properly served under these ethics. However, within the confines of the question, ethics clearly places last in significance in comparison to wisdom and meditation. This is because the previous two are a perquisite to have a strong ethical sense in Buddhism. Firstly, wisdom is needed to know about ethical rules and how they should be applied. As previously shown, wisdom covers a large branch Buddhist knowledge and is necessary for one to be able to apply ethics in such a way as to extinguish the fire of ignorance. Thusly, as ethics is reliant on wisdom, wisdom must be more significant than it. Moreover, meditation is also vital for successful ethics, especially Vipasyana. Without the constant meditative state of reflection, these ethics would not be successfully put into practise. Therefore, while ethics is still vitally important, its existence relates too closely for the other two for it to be judged as the standalone most significant factor. So, ethics places below both wisdom and meditation in order of significance.

         In conclusion, what has been alluded to is that the threefold path is greatly interlinked. But, it is clear that wisdom lies at the very core of the path. As shown, wisdom is needed for meditation, for what would one meditate upon if not wisdom? Wisdom is needed especially for the meditative state of Vipasyana that demands constant intellectual awareness. Moreover, ethics is further derived from wisdom, as the dharma and scriptures is where ethics is derived from. It clearly takes wisdom to have ethics, thus wisdom remains the most important factor out of the three. Wisdom, by itself, is uniquely directly related to one of the three poisons in a way that neither meditation nor ethics is. It is therefore clear that this statement is correct, on balance; wisdom is indeed more significant than meditation and ethics in Buddhism.

References

  1. Damien Keown's dictionary of Buddhism: Keown, D. (2004). A dictionary of Buddhism. Oxford University Press.

  2. Bhikku Bodhi: Bodhi, B. (2010). The noble eightfold path: The way to the end of suffering. Buddhist Publication Society.

  3. Alex Wayman: Wayman, A. (2013). The Buddhist Tantras: Light on Indo-Tibetan esotericism. Routledge.


4 Evaluate the claim that the main purpose of meditation is to improve moral behaviour. (30) 



4 Evaluate the status of the qualities of metta, karuna and khanti for Buddhists today. (30)


Thesis: The qualities of metta (loving-kindness), karuna (compassion), and khanti (patience or forbearance) are essential for Buddhists today, as they provide a foundation for ethical behavior, personal transformation, and the cultivation of wisdom.

Argument: Metta is one of the foundational qualities of Buddhist practice, as it involves the cultivation of an attitude of goodwill and loving-kindness towards all beings. As Bhikkhu Bodhi (2005) notes, "The cultivation of metta is an essential aspect of the Buddha's path to liberation, and is a powerful antidote to the negative emotions of anger, hatred, and ill-will" (p. 14). Through the practice of metta, Buddhists are able to develop a deep sense of connection to others, and cultivate a sense of universal love and compassion that extends beyond the boundaries of self and other.

Argument: Karuna is closely related to metta, and involves the cultivation of a deep sense of compassion for all beings. According to Harvey (2012), "Karuna is the natural expression of metta, and arises when one recognizes the suffering of others and feels a genuine desire to alleviate it" (p. 207). The practice of karuna involves developing empathy for the suffering of others, and actively working to alleviate that suffering through acts of kindness, generosity, and service.

Argument: Khanti, or patience and forbearance, is another essential quality for Buddhists, as it involves the ability to remain calm and composed in the face of difficult situations or challenging people. According to Keown (2001), "Khanti is the capacity to endure without resentment or ill-will, and is seen as an essential quality for the cultivation of wisdom" (p. 71). Through the practice of khanti, Buddhists are able to develop greater equanimity and inner peace, even in the face of adversity.

Counter-argument: While the qualities of metta, karuna, and khanti may be important for personal transformation and ethical behavior, some may argue that they are not always practical or appropriate in every situation. For example, in situations where one is being actively harmed or oppressed, the practice of khanti may be seen as a form of passive acceptance rather than active resistance.

Counter-counter-argument: While it is true that the practice of khanti may not always involve overt resistance or confrontation, it is still an essential quality for Buddhists, as it allows them to remain calm and centered in the face of difficult situations. Moreover, the practice of khanti does not necessarily preclude the use of skillful means or compassionate action to address injustice or oppression.

Synoptic link: The study of ethics and virtue is closely linked to the cultivation of metta, karuna, and khanti in Buddhism. The practice of these qualities involves the development of ethical behavior, as well as the cultivation of wisdom and insight. Moreover, the practice of situation ethics - the idea that ethical behavior must be contextual and responsive to specific situations - is also reflected in the practice of metta, karuna, and khanti. By cultivating these qualities, Buddhists are better able to respond to the ethical challenges and dilemmas that arise in their lives, and to act with greater compassion, wisdom, and skillful means.

Reference:

  1. Bhikkhu Bodhi. (2005). Loving-kindness: The revolutionary art of happiness. Wisdom Publications.

  2. Harvey, P. (2012). An introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, history and practices. Cambridge University Press.

  3. Keown, D. (2001). Buddhism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.


4 Evaluate the importance of the relationship between the principles of metta, karuna and khanti and the Four Noble truths. (30)


4 Evaluate the debate between Theravada and Mahayana about the nature of the four noble truths. (30)


Google Sites
Report abuse
Google Sites
Report abuse