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    • Gloucestershire Agreed Syllabus & SACRE
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    • Year 8
      • Knowledge Organisers Yr 8
    • Islam
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    • Christianity
    • Sikhism
    • Buddhism
    • Other Worldviews
    • Recommended Reading
  • GCSE Eduqas RS
    • Specification Tick Sheets-SCGCSE
    • Key Words-SCGCSE
      • Christian Key Words
        • The Nature of God
        • Creation
        • Jesus Christ
          • Beliefs and teachings about the incarnation of Jesus
          • Gospel of Mark
        • Eschatological Beliefs
        • Apostles Creed and Nicene Creed
        • Salvation and Atonement
      • Islamic Key words (shia)
        • Tawhid (Oneness)
        • Al-Adalat (Divine Justice)
        • Al-Nubuwwah (Prophethood)
        • Al-Imamah (Divine Leadership)
        • Al-Ma’ad (Hereafter)
        • Shi'a beliefs about Kutub (holy books), Malaikah (angels) and Al-Qadr (pred
          • Kutub (holy books)
          • Malaikah (angels)
          • Al-Qadr
      • Islamic practices Key Words
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
    • Knowledge Organisers-Eduqas-GCSE
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings KO SC
      • Christian Practices KO
      • Islamic Beliefs and Teachings KO
      • Islamic Practices KO
      • Relationships KO
      • Life and Death Issues KO
      • Good and Evil KO
      • Human Rights KO
    • Topic on a Page GCSE
      • Christain Beliefs and Teachings ToaP
      • Christian Practices ToaP
      • Islamic Beliefs and teachings ToaP
      • Islamic Practices (TOAP)
      • Relationships ToaP
      • Life and Death Issues ToaP
      • Human Rights ToaP
      • Good and Evil ToaP
    • Quizs Review / Recall / Revision SC
    • Quotes-SCGCSE
      • Christian Teaching-Quotes
      • Muslim Teaching-Quotes
      • Relationships -Quotes
      • Life and Death Issues-Quotes
    • Videos-SCGCSE
      • Christain Teachings and Beliefs-SCGCSE
      • Islamic Teachings and Beliefs-SCGCSE
      • Life And Death Issues-SCGCSE
      • Relationships-SCGCSE
    • Practice Questions-GCSE-RS
      • Christian Teachings Practice Questions
      • Christian Practices Practice Questions
      • Muslim Teachings Practice Questions
      • Christian Practices Model Answers
      • Muslim Practices
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
      • Good and Evil Practice Questions
      • Human Rights Practice Questions
    • Mark Schemes + Model Essay Answers SC
      • Example Christian Belief Answers
      • Example Muslim Belief Answers
      • Example Relationships Answers
      • Example Good and Evil Answers
      • Example Life + Death Answers
      • Example Human Rights Answers
      • Example Christian Practices Essay Answers
      • Example Islamic Practices Model Essay Answers
      • 2024 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2023 Mk-Sch GCSE RS
      • 2023 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2022 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2022 Mk-Sch GCSE RS
      • 2021 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2020 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2020 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2019 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2019 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2018 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2018 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
      • 2016 Mk-Schm GCSE RS
      • 2016 Mod-Ans GCSE RS
    • SAMPLE EXAM PAPERS SC
      • Christian Teachings Practice Papers
      • Muslim Teachings Practice Papers
      • Relationships Practice Papers
      • Life and death Issues Practice Papers
    • GCSE Express Revision Notes-SCGCSE
    • Learning Mats / Posters-SCGCSE
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings
      • Christian Practices LMAPS
      • Islamic Beliefs and Teachings LMAP
      • Islamic Practices LMAPS
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
      • Good and Evil LMAPS
      • Human Rights LMAPS
    • Revision Guides + PPTS-GCSE
      • Christian Teachings
      • Christian Practices
      • Muslim Teachings
      • Muslim Pratices Rev
      • Good and Evil
      • Human Rights
      • Relationships
      • Life and Death Issues
    • Advice on Answering Questions
    • Practice Papers
    • Topic Tests
      • Islamic T+B Topic Test
      • Christian Beliefs + Teachings
      • Relationships Topic Test
      • Life And Death Topic Test
    • Topic Content for SC RE Learn Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Christian B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • QUESTIONS Christian B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Islamic B+T SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Relationships SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
      • ANSWERS: Life + Death SC RE GCSE Learning Jourrney Review Booklets
    • Homework
  • GCSE Other
    • Specification Tick Sheets- FC GCSE
    • Key Words-FC GCSE
    • Knowledge Organisors FC GCSE
      • Buddhist Beliefs and Teachings KO
      • Buddhist Practices KO
      • Relationships KO
      • Life and Death Issues KO
      • Christian Beliefs and Teachings KO
    • Topic on a Page FC
      • Buddhist Beliefs and Teachings Toap
      • Buddhist Practices ToaP
    • Quotes- FC
      • Christian Practices Quotes
      • Buddhist Teachings Quotes
        • Dream + Birth Import + Other Quotes
        • 4 Sights Imp + Orther Quotes
        • Ascetic Life- The Buddha – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Enlightenment and Teaching- The Buddha–Imp + Other Quotes
        • The Dhamma//Dharma–Imp + Other Quotes
        • Nirvana – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Four noble truths– Imp + Other Quotes
        • Eightfold path- Importance + Other Quotes
        • Dependent origination/conditionality- Importance + Other Quotes
        • Three Marks of Existence – Imp + Other Quotes
        • 5 Skandhas –Human Personality – Imp + Other Quotes
        • Sunyata + Buddha Nature - Human Imp + Other Quotes
        • arhat and bodhisattva- Human Destiny -Imp + Other Quotes
        • Mahayana Imp + Other Quotes
        • Pureland - Human Destiny – Imp + Other Quotes Land
        • Karma The Five Precepts and 6 Perfections Imp + Other Quotes
      • Buddhist Practices Quotes
      • Good and Evil Quotes
      • Human Rights Quotes
    • Videos-FC GCSE
    • Practice Questions FC
      • Buddhist Teachings Questions
      • Buddhist Practices Practice Questions
    • Model Answers FC
      • Buddhist Teachings Model Answers
      • Buddhist Pratices Model Answers
    • FC Revision Guides + PPTs
      • Buddhist Teachings
      • Buddhist Practices
    • Podcasts
  • ALEVEL
    • Summer Transition Work
    • Philosophy -GCE
      • SPEC PHIL
      • DICTIONARY -P
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-D
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-D
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-D
        • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel-D
        • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-D
        • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-D
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-D
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil-D
      • Personal Learning Checkers -P
      • Knowledge Organisers -P
        • KO Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
        • KO Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument -P
        • KO Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel -P
        • KO Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument -P
        • KO Unit 2.1 Religious Experience -P
        • KO Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-P
        • KO Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil -P
        • KO Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
        • KO Anthology 2 JL Mackie -P
        • KO Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol -P
        • KO Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
        • KO Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
        • KO Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
        • KO Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
        • KO Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
        • KO 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
        • KO 6.3 Science and Religion-P
      • Topic On a Page GCE -P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-P
        • ToaP-Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience -P
        • ToaP-Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-P
        • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol-P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
        • ToaP-Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
        • ToaP-Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
        • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
        • ToaP-6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
        • ToaP-6.3 Science and Religion-P
      • SELF STUDY -P
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-SSP
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-SSP
        • Anthology 1 Coplestone and Russel
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument
        • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience
        • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil
        • Anthology 2 JL Mackie
        • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol
        • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification
        • Anthology 3 Flew and Hare
        • Anthology 4 Mitchel and Flew
        • Unit 4.3 Language Games
        • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion
        • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars
        • Unit 6.1 Life after Death
        • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death
        • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
      • Revision-P
        • Unit 1.1 Design Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 2.1 Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 2.2 The Arg from Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as sol to the Prob of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 2 JL Mackie Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.3 Language Games Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.1 Life after Death Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion Revision GCE RS -P
      • PEQs + Model Essays Phil
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
        • Anthology 1 PEQs + Model Ans -P
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
        • Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
        • Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
        • Unit 3.1 The Prob of E+S PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
        • Unit 3.2 Theodices PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
        • Anthology 2 PEQs + Model Ans -P
        • Unit 4.1 Reg Lang Analogy + Symbol PEQs + Model Essays-P
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 PEQs Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
        • Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal PEQs + Model Essays-P
          • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
        • Anthology 3 -P
        • Anthology 4 -P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Reg Lang Lang Games -P
          • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.1 Scholars Critiques + Postmod -P
          • 8 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 12 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 20 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 30 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.2 Scholars Cop + Rus -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 12 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 20 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 30 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.1 Life After Death -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.2 Arguments 4 LaD -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.3 Science and Religion -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
      • Topic Tests Phil
        • Unit 1.1 TT Design Arg -P
          • Unit 1 TT Answers Design Arg
        • Unit 1.2 TT 1st Casue Arg -P
        • TT Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel
        • Unit 1.3 TT Onto Arg -P
        • Unit 3.1 TT Problem of Evil
        • Unit 2.1 TT Nat of Rel Exp
        • Unit 2.2 TT Arg from Rel Exp
        • Unit 3.1 TT The Prob of Evil
        • Unit 3.2 TT Sol to the Prob of Evil
        • TT Anthology 2 JL Mackie
        • Unit 4.1 TT Analogy and Symbol
        • Unit 4.2 TT Verification and Falsification
        • TT Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare
        • TT Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew
        • Unit 4.3 TT Language Games
        • Unit 5.1 TT Critiques of Religion
        • Unit 5.2 TT Work of Scholars
        • Unit 6.1 TT Life after Death
        • Unit 6.2 TT Points for discussion about LAD
        • Unit 6.3 TT Science and Religion
      • SAMs EG Ans-P
        • 2022-P
        • 2022 Exemplars-E
        • 2019-P
        • 2018 AS-P
        • 2018-P
        • 2017 AS-P
        • SAMS-P
      • Rec Reading -P
      • Philosophy Podcasts
      • Weblinks -P
    • Ethics -GCE
      • DICTIONARY -E
        • Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-D
        • Unit 1.2 Equality-D
        • Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-D
        • Unit 2.2 Situation ethics-D
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics-D
        • Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-D
        • Unit 3.1 War and Peace-D
        • Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-D
        • Anthology 4 Virtue Ethics-D
        • Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics-D
        • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -D
        • Anthology 3 Kant-D
        • Unit 6.1a Issues in medical ethics with a focus on beginning + end-D
      • SPEC ETHICS
      • Knowledge Organisers -E
        • KO Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
        • KO Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • KO Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • KO Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • KO Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
        • KO Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • KO Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • KO Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • KO Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
        • KO Unit 5.1a Kant -E
        • KO Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
        • KO Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
        • KO Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
      • Topic On a Page GCE -E
        • ToaP-Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-E
        • ToaP-Unit 3.1 War and Peace-E
        • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics_E
        • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality
        • ToaP-Unit 5.1 A comparison of the work of Scholars-E
        • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Beginning of life Medical Issues-E
      • Ethics Personal Learning Checkers
      • SELF STUDY -E
        • Work Booklets
        • SS Environmental Ethics -E
        • SS Equality -E
        • SS Utilitarianism -E
        • SS Natural Moral Law -E
        • SS Situation Ethics -E
        • SS Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
        • SS Sexual Ethics -E
        • SS War and Peace -E
        • SS Anthology 2 Aristotle Virtue Ethics -E
        • SS Meta-ethics -E
        • SS Religion and Morality -E
        • SS Virtue Ethics + Kant -E
        • SS Anthology 3 Kantian Deontology -E
        • SS Medical Ethics -E
        • Anthology 4 Euthanasia Michel Wilcockson
      • Topic Tests -E
        • TT Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
        • TT Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • TT Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • TT Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • TT Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
        • TT Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • TT Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • TT Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • TT Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
        • TT Unit 5.1a Kant -E
        • TT Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
        • TT Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
        • TT Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
      • PEQs + Model Essays -E
        • PEQs Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • PEQs Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • Anthology 2 Aristotle VE -E
        • PEQs Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
        • PEQs Unit 5.1 Kant + Aristotle
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 Kant and Aristotle -E
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 -E
        • Anthology 3 Kant PEQs
        • PEQs Unit 6.1Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life
          • 8 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 12 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 20 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 30 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
        • Anthology 4 Wilcockson -E
      • Revision E
        • 1.1 Environmental Ethics R
        • 1.2 Equality R
        • 2.1 Utilitarianism R
        • 2.3 Natural Moral Law R
        • 2.3 Situation Ethics R
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics R
        • 3.1 War and Pacifism R
        • 3.2 Sexual Ethics R
        • 6 Medical Ethics R
        • 4.1 Meta Ethics R
        • 4.2 Religion and Morality R
        • 5a Virtue Ethics R
        • 5b Kantian Ethics R
        • 6.1-2 Medical Ethics R
      • Rec Reading + Web Links -E
      • Ethics Podcasts
      • SAMs EG Ans-E
        • 2022-E
        • 2022 Ex-E
        • 2019-E
        • 2018 AS-E
        • 2018-E
        • 2017 AS-E
        • SAMS 2016-E
    • Buddhism -GCE
      • SPEC BUD
      • PLCs -B
      • Knowledge Organisers -B
        • KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
          • EXT KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
        • KO-Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
        • KO-Unit 1.3 3 refuges
        • KO-Unit 1.4 Moral Principles
        • KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
          • EXTD KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
        • KO-Anthology 1 Armstrong
        • KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • EXTD KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
        • KO-Unit 3.1 Theravada
        • KO-Unit 3.2 Mahayana
        • KO-Anthology 2 Basham -B
        • KO-Unit 3.3 Meditation
        • KO-Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
        • KO-Unit 4.2 Triratna
        • KO-Unit 4.3 Gender
        • KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • EXT KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
        • KO-Anthology 3 Rahula -B
        • KO-Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
        • KO-Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
      • Revision-B
        • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths - R
        • Unit 1.2 3 Marks + 5 Khandas -R
        • Unit 1.3 3 Refuges -R
        • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -R
        • Unit 2.1 Buddha -R
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong -R
        • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -R
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada-R
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-R
        • Anthology 2 Basham -R
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation-R
        • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-R
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna-R
        • Unit 4.3 Gender-R
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-R
        • Anthology 3 Rahula-R
        • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-R
        • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-R
      • Dictionary
        • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths Dictionary
        • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas Dictionary
        • Unit 1.3 The three refuges Dictionary
        • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles Dictionary
        • Unit 2.1 The Buddha Dictionary
        • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka Dictionary
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada Dictionary
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation Dictionary
        • Unit 4.1 The Spread of Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna Dictionary
        • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 5.1 The Work of Scholars Dictionary
        • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa Dictionary
        • 6.2 Buddhism and Science.
      • Dictionary Express
      • Buddhism PEQs + Model Answers
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
          • 8 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.3 3 refuges
          • 8 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.4 Moral Prin
          • 8 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Q Model Answers UNit 1.4 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 2.1 Buddha
          • 8 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Anthology 1 Armstrong
        • Mod An Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Bud Unit 2.2
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An UNit 2.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.1 Theravada
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An UNit 3.1 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.2 Mahayana
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Anthology 2 Mahayana -B
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.3 Meditation
          • 8mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 12 Mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 20 MK Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 30 mk answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.2 Triratna
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.3 Gender
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Anthology 3 Rahula -B
        • Mod Ans Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
        • Mod Ans Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
        • Anthology 4 Yodhjiva Sutta -B
      • Self Study -B
        • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths -SS
        • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas -SS
        • Unit 1.3 The three refuges -SS
        • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles-SS
        • Unit 2.1 The Life of the Buddha -SS
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong - The Enl of The B -SS
        • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka -SS
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism -SS
        • Anthology 2 A.L.Basham -SS
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation -SS
        • Unit 4.1 The spread of Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 4.2 Tritratna -SS
        • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars -SS
        • Anthology 3 Rahula --SS
        • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa. -SS
        • Anthology 4 Yodhajiva Sutta --SS
        • Unit 6.2 Buddhism and Contemporary Society -SS
        • Revision Booklets
        • Exam Guidance & Tips
      • Topic Tests -B
        • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths -TT
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        • Anthology 1 Armstrong -TT
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        • Unit 3.1 Theravada-TT
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        • Anthology 2 Basham-TT
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        • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-TT
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      • SAMs EG Ans-B
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  • ALEVEL
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    • Philosophy -GCE
      • SPEC PHIL
      • DICTIONARY -P
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-D
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-D
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-D
        • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel-D
        • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-D
        • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-D
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-D
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil-D
      • Personal Learning Checkers -P
      • Knowledge Organisers -P
        • KO Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
        • KO Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument -P
        • KO Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel -P
        • KO Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument -P
        • KO Unit 2.1 Religious Experience -P
        • KO Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-P
        • KO Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil -P
        • KO Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
        • KO Anthology 2 JL Mackie -P
        • KO Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol -P
        • KO Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
        • KO Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
        • KO Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
        • KO Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
        • KO Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
        • KO 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
        • KO 6.3 Science and Religion-P
      • Topic On a Page GCE -P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-P
        • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-P
        • ToaP-Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience -P
        • ToaP-Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-P
        • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol-P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
        • ToaP-Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
        • ToaP-Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
        • ToaP-Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
        • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
        • ToaP-6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
        • ToaP-6.3 Science and Religion-P
      • SELF STUDY -P
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-SSP
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-SSP
        • Anthology 1 Coplestone and Russel
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument
        • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience
        • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil
        • Anthology 2 JL Mackie
        • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol
        • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification
        • Anthology 3 Flew and Hare
        • Anthology 4 Mitchel and Flew
        • Unit 4.3 Language Games
        • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion
        • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars
        • Unit 6.1 Life after Death
        • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death
        • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
      • Revision-P
        • Unit 1.1 Design Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 2.1 Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 2.2 The Arg from Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as sol to the Prob of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 2 JL Mackie Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare Revision GCE RS -P
        • Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 4.3 Language Games Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.1 Life after Death Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death Revision GCE RS -P
        • Unit 6.3 Science and Religion Revision GCE RS -P
      • PEQs + Model Essays Phil
        • Unit 1.1 The Design Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
        • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
        • Anthology 1 PEQs + Model Ans -P
        • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
        • Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
        • Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
        • Unit 3.1 The Prob of E+S PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
        • Unit 3.2 Theodices PEQs + Model Essays -P
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
        • Anthology 2 PEQs + Model Ans -P
        • Unit 4.1 Reg Lang Analogy + Symbol PEQs + Model Essays-P
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 PEQs Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 4.1 Analogy + Symbol -P
        • Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal PEQs + Model Essays-P
          • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
          • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.2 Reg Lang Ver + Fal -P
        • Anthology 3 -P
        • Anthology 4 -P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Reg Lang Lang Games -P
          • 8 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 12 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 20 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
          • 30 Mk PEQs + Model Essays Unit 4.3 Lan Games-P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.1 Scholars Critiques + Postmod -P
          • 8 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 12 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 20 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
          • 30 Mk Unit 5.1 Critiques + Postmodernism
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 5.2 Scholars Cop + Rus -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 12 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 20 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
          • 30 Mks Unit 5.2 Cop and Russel-P
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.1 Life After Death -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.1 Nat of Life After Death
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.2 Arguments 4 LaD -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.2 Arg about LAD
        • PEQs + Model Essays Unit 6.3 Science and Religion -P
          • 8 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 12 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 20 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
          • 30 Mks Unit 6.3 Science and Religion
      • Topic Tests Phil
        • Unit 1.1 TT Design Arg -P
          • Unit 1 TT Answers Design Arg
        • Unit 1.2 TT 1st Casue Arg -P
        • TT Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel
        • Unit 1.3 TT Onto Arg -P
        • Unit 3.1 TT Problem of Evil
        • Unit 2.1 TT Nat of Rel Exp
        • Unit 2.2 TT Arg from Rel Exp
        • Unit 3.1 TT The Prob of Evil
        • Unit 3.2 TT Sol to the Prob of Evil
        • TT Anthology 2 JL Mackie
        • Unit 4.1 TT Analogy and Symbol
        • Unit 4.2 TT Verification and Falsification
        • TT Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare
        • TT Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew
        • Unit 4.3 TT Language Games
        • Unit 5.1 TT Critiques of Religion
        • Unit 5.2 TT Work of Scholars
        • Unit 6.1 TT Life after Death
        • Unit 6.2 TT Points for discussion about LAD
        • Unit 6.3 TT Science and Religion
      • SAMs EG Ans-P
        • 2022-P
        • 2022 Exemplars-E
        • 2019-P
        • 2018 AS-P
        • 2018-P
        • 2017 AS-P
        • SAMS-P
      • Rec Reading -P
      • Philosophy Podcasts
      • Weblinks -P
    • Ethics -GCE
      • DICTIONARY -E
        • Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-D
        • Unit 1.2 Equality-D
        • Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-D
        • Unit 2.2 Situation ethics-D
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics-D
        • Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-D
        • Unit 3.1 War and Peace-D
        • Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-D
        • Anthology 4 Virtue Ethics-D
        • Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics-D
        • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -D
        • Anthology 3 Kant-D
        • Unit 6.1a Issues in medical ethics with a focus on beginning + end-D
      • SPEC ETHICS
      • Knowledge Organisers -E
        • KO Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
        • KO Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • KO Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • KO Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • KO Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
        • KO Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • KO Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • KO Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • KO Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
        • KO Unit 5.1a Kant -E
        • KO Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
        • KO Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
        • KO Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
      • Topic On a Page GCE -E
        • ToaP-Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law-E
        • ToaP-Unit 3.1 War and Peace-E
        • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics-E
        • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics_E
        • Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality
        • ToaP-Unit 5.1 A comparison of the work of Scholars-E
        • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Beginning of life Medical Issues-E
      • Ethics Personal Learning Checkers
      • SELF STUDY -E
        • Work Booklets
        • SS Environmental Ethics -E
        • SS Equality -E
        • SS Utilitarianism -E
        • SS Natural Moral Law -E
        • SS Situation Ethics -E
        • SS Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
        • SS Sexual Ethics -E
        • SS War and Peace -E
        • SS Anthology 2 Aristotle Virtue Ethics -E
        • SS Meta-ethics -E
        • SS Religion and Morality -E
        • SS Virtue Ethics + Kant -E
        • SS Anthology 3 Kantian Deontology -E
        • SS Medical Ethics -E
        • Anthology 4 Euthanasia Michel Wilcockson
      • Topic Tests -E
        • TT Unit 1.1 Environmental -E
        • TT Unit 1.2 Equality-E
        • TT Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism-E
        • TT Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics-E
        • TT Unit 2.3 The natural Moral law-E
        • TT Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • TT Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • TT Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • TT Unit 4.2 Religion and Morality -E
        • TT Unit 5.1a Kant -E
        • TT Unit 5.1b Aristotle -E
        • TT Unit 6.1a Beginning of life Issues -E
        • TT Unit 6.1b End of life Issues -E
      • PEQs + Model Essays -E
        • PEQs Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.1 Environmental Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 Equality -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 Utilitarianism -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 Situation Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.3 The Natural Moral law -E
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 War and Peace -E
        • PEQs Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sexual Ethics -E
        • Anthology 2 Aristotle VE -E
        • PEQs Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.1 Meta-ethics -E
        • PEQs Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion and morality -E
          • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
          • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 4.2 The relationship between religion & morality -E
        • PEQs Unit 5.1 Kant + Aristotle
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 Kant and Aristotle -E
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 5.1 -E
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 -E
        • Anthology 3 Kant PEQs
        • PEQs Unit 6.1Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life
          • 8 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 12 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 20 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
          • 30 Mk PEQs Unit 6.1 Medical Ethics Beginning + End of life -E
        • Anthology 4 Wilcockson -E
      • Revision E
        • 1.1 Environmental Ethics R
        • 1.2 Equality R
        • 2.1 Utilitarianism R
        • 2.3 Natural Moral Law R
        • 2.3 Situation Ethics R
        • Anthology 1 Situation Ethics R
        • 3.1 War and Pacifism R
        • 3.2 Sexual Ethics R
        • 6 Medical Ethics R
        • 4.1 Meta Ethics R
        • 4.2 Religion and Morality R
        • 5a Virtue Ethics R
        • 5b Kantian Ethics R
        • 6.1-2 Medical Ethics R
      • Rec Reading + Web Links -E
      • Ethics Podcasts
      • SAMs EG Ans-E
        • 2022-E
        • 2022 Ex-E
        • 2019-E
        • 2018 AS-E
        • 2018-E
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        • SAMS 2016-E
    • Buddhism -GCE
      • SPEC BUD
      • PLCs -B
      • Knowledge Organisers -B
        • KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
          • EXT KO-Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths-B
        • KO-Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
        • KO-Unit 1.3 3 refuges
        • KO-Unit 1.4 Moral Principles
        • KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
          • EXTD KO-Unit 2.1 Buddh
        • KO-Anthology 1 Armstrong
        • KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • EXTD KO-Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
        • KO-Unit 3.1 Theravada
        • KO-Unit 3.2 Mahayana
        • KO-Anthology 2 Basham -B
        • KO-Unit 3.3 Meditation
        • KO-Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
        • KO-Unit 4.2 Triratna
        • KO-Unit 4.3 Gender
        • KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • EXT KO-Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
        • KO-Anthology 3 Rahula -B
        • KO-Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
        • KO-Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
      • Revision-B
        • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths - R
        • Unit 1.2 3 Marks + 5 Khandas -R
        • Unit 1.3 3 Refuges -R
        • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -R
        • Unit 2.1 Buddha -R
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong -R
        • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -R
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada-R
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-R
        • Anthology 2 Basham -R
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation-R
        • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-R
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna-R
        • Unit 4.3 Gender-R
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-R
        • Anthology 3 Rahula-R
        • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-R
        • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-R
      • Dictionary
        • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths Dictionary
        • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas Dictionary
        • Unit 1.3 The three refuges Dictionary
        • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles Dictionary
        • Unit 2.1 The Buddha Dictionary
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        • Unit 3.1 Theravada Dictionary
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation Dictionary
        • Unit 4.1 The Spread of Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna Dictionary
        • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism Dictionary
        • Unit 5.1 The Work of Scholars Dictionary
        • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa Dictionary
        • 6.2 Buddhism and Science.
      • Dictionary Express
      • Buddhism PEQs + Model Answers
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths
          • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas
          • 8 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Q Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.2 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.3 3 refuges
          • 8 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.3 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 1.4 Moral Prin
          • 8 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Q Model Answer Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 1.4 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Q Model Answers UNit 1.4 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Unit 2.1 Buddha
          • 8 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 20 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
          • 30 Mk Q Model Answers Unit 2.1 Buddhism
        • Mod Ans Anthology 1 Armstrong
        • Mod An Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Bud Unit 2.2
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An UNit 2.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.1 Theravada
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An UNit 3.1 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Mdoel An Unit 3.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.2 Mahayana
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 3.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Anthology 2 Mahayana -B
        • Mod Ans Unit 3.3 Meditation
          • 8mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 12 Mk Q Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 20 MK Model Answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
          • 30 mk answers Buddhism Unit 3.3
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.2 Triratna
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.2 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 4.3 Gender
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 4.3 Bud
        • Mod Ans Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 5.1 Bud
        • Mod Ans Anthology 3 Rahula -B
        • Mod Ans Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.1 Ahimsa
        • Mod Ans Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 8 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 12 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 20 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
          • 30 Mk Q Model An Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud
        • Anthology 4 Yodhjiva Sutta -B
      • Self Study -B
        • Unit 1.1 The Four Noble Truths -SS
        • Unit 1.2 The three marks and the Five khandas -SS
        • Unit 1.3 The three refuges -SS
        • Unit 1.4 Key Moral principles-SS
        • Unit 2.1 The Life of the Buddha -SS
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong - The Enl of The B -SS
        • Unit 2.2 The significance of the Tipitka -SS
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana Buddhism -SS
        • Anthology 2 A.L.Basham -SS
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation -SS
        • Unit 4.1 The spread of Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 4.2 Tritratna -SS
        • Unit 4.3 Gender and Buddhism -SS
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars -SS
        • Anthology 3 Rahula --SS
        • Unit 6.1 Buddhism and Ahimsa. -SS
        • Anthology 4 Yodhajiva Sutta --SS
        • Unit 6.2 Buddhism and Contemporary Society -SS
        • Revision Booklets
        • Exam Guidance & Tips
      • Topic Tests -B
        • Unit 1.1 The 4 Noble Truths -TT
        • Unit 1.2 3 marks + 5 khandas -TT
        • Unit 1.3 3 refuges -TT
        • Unit 1.4 Moral Principles -TT
        • Unit 2.1 Buddha -TT
        • Anthology 1 Armstrong -TT
        • Unit 2.2 The sig of the Tipitka -TT
        • Unit 3.1 Theravada-TT
        • Unit 3.2 Mahayana-TT
        • Anthology 2 Basham-TT
        • Unit 3.3 Meditation-TT
        • Unit 4.1 Spread of Bud-TT
        • Unit 4.2 Triratna-TT
        • Unit 4.3 Gender-TT
        • Unit 5.1 Work of Scholars-TT
        • Unit 6.1 Ahimsa-TT
        • Unit 6.2 Cntmry Scty + Bud-TT
      • SAMs EG Ans-B
        • 2022 Ex-B
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      • Philosophy -GCE
        • SPEC PHIL
        • DICTIONARY -P
          • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-D
          • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-D
          • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-D
          • Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel-D
          • Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-D
          • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-D
          • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-D
          • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil-D
        • Personal Learning Checkers -P
        • Knowledge Organisers -P
          • KO Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • KO Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument -P
          • KO Anthology 1 Copleston and Russel -P
          • KO Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument -P
          • KO Unit 2.1 Religious Experience -P
          • KO Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience-P
          • KO Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil -P
          • KO Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
          • KO Anthology 2 JL Mackie -P
          • KO Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol -P
          • KO Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
          • KO Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
          • KO Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
          • KO Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
          • KO Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
          • KO 6.2 Points for discussion about life after death-P
          • KO 6.3 Science and Religion-P
        • Topic On a Page GCE -P
          • ToaP-Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-P
          • ToaP-Unit 1.2 The First Cause Argument-P
          • ToaP-Unit 1.3 The Ontological Argument-P
          • ToaP-Unit 2.1 Religious Experience-P
          • ToaP-Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience -P
          • ToaP-Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil-P
          • ToaP-Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil -P
          • ToaP-Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol-P
          • ToaP-Unit 4.2 Verification and Falsification-P
          • ToaP-Unit 4.3 Language Games-P
          • ToaP-Unit 5.1 Critiques of Religion-P
          • ToaP-Unit 5.2 Work of Scholars-P
          • ToaP-Unit 6.1 Life after Death-P
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        • SELF STUDY -P
          • Unit 1.1 The Design Argument-SSP
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          • Anthology 1 Coplestone and Russel
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          • Unit 2.2 The Argument from Religious Experience
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          • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as solutions to the Problem of Evil
          • Anthology 2 JL Mackie
          • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol
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          • Anthology 3 Flew and Hare
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          • Unit 2.1 Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 2.2 The Arg from Rel Exp Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 3.1 The Problem of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 3.2 Theodicies as sol to the Prob of Evil Revision GCE RS -P
          • Anthology 2 JL Mackie Revision GCE RS -P
          • Unit 4.1 Analogy and Symbol Revision GCE RS -P
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          • Anthology 3 Anthony Flew and RM Hare Revision GCE RS -P
          • Anthology 4 Basil Michel and Anthony Flew Revision GCE RS -P
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        • PEQs + Model Essays Phil
          • Unit 1.1 The Design Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
            • 12 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
            • 20 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
            • 30 Mk Model Answers Unit 1.1 The Design Argument -P
          • Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.2 The First Cause Arg -P
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          • Anthology 1 PEQs + Model Ans -P
          • Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 1.3 The Ontological Arg -P
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          • Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.1 The Nat of Rel Exp -P
          • Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 2.2 The Sig of Rel Exp -P
          • Unit 3.1 The Prob of E+S PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.1 The Prob of Evil -P
          • Unit 3.2 Theodices PEQs + Model Essays -P
            • 8 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
            • 12 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
            • 20 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
            • 30 Mk Model Essays Unit 3.2 Sol for the Prob of Evil -P
          • Anthology 2 PEQs + Model Ans -P
          • Unit 4.1 Reg Lang Analogy + Symbol PEQs + Model Essays-P
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30 Mk Q Model An Unit 2.2 Buddhism

4 Evaluate the status of the Tipitaka as the foundation of Buddhist belief and practice (30) 2018 Exam Q


The Tipitaka, also known as the Pali Canon, is a collection of Buddhist scriptures and is considered the foundational text of Theravada Buddhism. It consists of three main sections: the Vinaya Pitaka, which contains rules and regulations for the monastic community; the Sutta Pitaka, which contains discourses attributed to the Buddha; and the Abhidhamma Pitaka, which contains detailed analysis of Buddhist doctrine.

The status of the Tipitaka as the foundation of Buddhist belief and practice is a topic of much debate among scholars. On the one hand, many scholars argue that the Tipitaka represents the earliest and most reliable record of the Buddha's teachings and therefore should be considered the authoritative source for Buddhist doctrine. On the other hand, some scholars question the historical accuracy of the Tipitaka and argue that it may not accurately reflect the Buddha's original teachings.  Moreover the Tipitaka is considered to be the word of the Buddha himself. According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha’s teachings were orally transmitted by his disciples for several centuries before they were written down. Here I will argue that the Tipitaka represents the earliest extant record of the Buddha’s teachings, and as such, it is regarded as the most authentic and authoritative source.

As Buddhist scholar Rupert Gethin notes, “The Tipitaka…is the closest we can get to the original teachings of the Buddha” (Gethin, 1998, p. 5). This view is supported by the fact that the Pali language in which the Tipitaka was written was the language spoken by the Buddha himself. This means that the texts are not only an accurate record of the Buddha’s teachings but also a direct link to his words. One of the most prominent scholars to advocate for the authenticity of the Tipitaka is the Pali scholar and translator Bhikkhu Bodhi. Bodhi argues that the Tipitaka represents the earliest and most reliable record of the Buddha's teachings, and that the teachings contained in the Tipitaka have been transmitted from generation to generation with a high degree of accuracy. He writes:

"The Pali Canon is the earliest and most complete collection of the Buddha's teachings that has survived. It was compiled by the Theravada school, which has preserved the original teachings of the Buddha in its pristine purity. The Pali Canon is therefore the most reliable source for the Buddha's teachings, and it provides the foundation for the Buddhist faith." 

(Bhikkhu Bodhi, "The Buddha's Teaching as it is," p. xi)

Against this argument other scholars, however, have questioned the historical accuracy of the Tipitaka. For example, the Buddhist scholar and historian Richard Gombrich argues that the Tipitaka may not accurately reflect the Buddha's original teachings, and that the texts may have been influenced by later developments in Buddhist thought. He writes:

"In many cases, the texts we have may be later formulations rather than accurate records of what the Buddha actually said. The Tipitaka is a product of a long process of development, during which the early Buddhist teachings were modified and elaborated upon in many ways."

(Richard Gombrich, "What the Buddha Thought," p. 35)

Despite these debates, the Tipitaka remains a central text in Theravada Buddhism and is studied and revered by millions of Buddhists around the world. The teachings contained in the Tipitaka are considered essential for achieving enlightenment, and many Buddhists view the Tipitaka as the ultimate authority on Buddhist doctrine and practice.  The Tipitaka provides a comprehensive and systematic account of Buddhist doctrine and ethics. The Sutta Pitaka, for example, contains discourses on a wide range of topics, including the nature of reality, the Four Noble Truths, and the Eightfold Path. The Abhidhamma Pitaka, on the other hand, provides a more detailed analysis of the Buddha’s teachings, focusing on the nature of consciousness and the mental factors that shape our experience. As Buddhist scholar Paul Williams notes, “The Pali Canon is…a comprehensive and systematic body of doctrine and ethics” (Williams, 2005, p. 10). This means that the Tipitaka is not only a historical record of the Buddha’s teachings but also a guide to Buddhist practice.

The Tipitaka serves as the basis for the development of Buddhist philosophy and theology. Many of the key concepts and debates in Buddhist philosophy are rooted in the Tipitaka. For example, the concept of anatta (not-self) is a central tenet of Buddhist philosophy, and it is extensively discussed in the Sutta Pitaka. The Abhidhamma Pitaka, on the other hand, provides a detailed analysis of the nature of consciousness, which has been the subject of much debate among Buddhist philosophers. As Buddhist scholar Damien Keown notes, “The Pali Canon has been the principal source for the development of Buddhist philosophy and theology” (Keown, 2000, p. 26). This means that the Tipitaka is not only a record of the Buddha’s teachings but also a foundation for the development of Buddhist thought.

Further, the Tipitaka is the basis for Buddhist practice. The Vinaya Pitaka provides the rules and regulations for the monastic community, which is an essential aspect of Buddhist practice. The Sutta Pitaka, on the other hand, contains a wealth of teachings on meditation, ethics, and other practices that are essential for the development of the Buddhist path. As Buddhist scholar Bhikkhu Bodhi notes, “The Pali Canon provides the basis for Buddhist practice, with its instructions on meditation, ethical conduct, and the cultivation of wisdom” (Bodhi, 2012, p. 8). 

Synoptically this links to ethics especially Virtue ethics and natural moral law ethics.  The idea of the Buddha is that we would understand ethics as a progressive development of the self through the practices of mediatation and wisdom.  Such disiplines would purify the mind and thus the charater of the ndividual.  The idea of the ten parimas or perfections or virtues found in the Tipitaka pali Cannon reflects this agent based idea of ethics similiar to Aristotles emphasis on euadamonia or the flourishing life.    

In conclusion given its importance within the Buddhist tradition, and that the Tipitaka has also been studied and analyzed by scholars from a wide range of academic disciplines, including religious studies, philosophy, and history it can easily be argued it is of central importance. Many of these scholars have recognized the value and significance of the Tipitaka as a historical and cultural document. For example, the scholar A.K. Warder, in his book "Indian Buddhism," describes the Tipitaka as "the most important record we possess of the Indian religious culture of the Buddha's time and for some centuries afterwards." He goes on to explain: "The study of the Pali Canon is essential for anyone interested in the cultural history of India, for it provides the most detailed and accurate record of the religious ideas and practices of the time." (A.K. Warder, "Indian Buddhism," p. 39)  Similarly, the philosopher David Kalupahana, in his book "A History of Buddhist Philosophy," emphasizes the importance of the Tipitaka as a primary source for understanding Buddhist thought and practice. He writes: "The Pali Canon remains the only authentic and reliable source..."


4 Evaluate the significance of the Tipitaka as a source of wisdom . (30)

4 Evaluate the interpretation of the Tipitaka as a source of wisdom by different Buddhist traditions . (30)

4. Evaluate the the strengths and weaknesses of use and treatment of the Tipitaka by Theravada Buddhists. (30)

4 Evaluate the claim that it does not matter that the Tipitaka does not give a life of the Buddha. (30) 

4 Evaluate status of the Tipitaka as the teachings of the Buddha . (30)

4 Evaluate the opinion the strenghts and weaknesss of the claim that the collection and formation of the Tipitaka shows it is the word of the Buddha. (30)

4 Evaluate the claim that the Tipitaka is the most significance source of wisdom for Buddhists. (30) 

4 Evaluate the status of the of the Vinaya Pitaka and how this aims to produce a cohesive community. (30)

4 Evaluate the claim that the Vinya Pitaka is the most significant section of the Tipitaka in Buddhist traditions today. 

4 Evaluate the success of Sutta Pikata in helping Buddhists on the search for Enlightenment. (30)

4. Evaluate the the success of Sutta Pikata in helping Buddhists on the search for Enlightenment . (30)

4 Evaluate the debate between about whether the Abhidhamma Pitaka is essential in the interpretation and understanding of the Buddha’s teachings. (30)

4 Evaluate the the relevance of the claim that Abhidhamma Pitaka as the work of the Buddha himself. (30)

4 Evaluate the claim that the that a the impact of the Tipitaka as a source of wisdom in Buddhism is limited as not all Buddhist recognise its importance. (30)

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